The sawmill industry of the Lake States: a study of productivity, technological change, and factor demand

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
James RG McQueen ◽  
Karen Potter-Witter
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Factor Demand ◽  
Sawmill Industry ◽  
Variable Cost Function

A translog variable cost function of the sawmill industry in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin was estimated using pooled time-series data for the period 1963–1996 with inputs labour, materials, and capital. The estimated model imposed Hicks-neutral technical change and allowed for nonconstant returns to scale as well as nonunitary elasticities of substitution amongst the inputs. Results for the Allen–Uzawa partial elasticity of substitution and the Morishima elasticity of substitution indicate that the three inputs were inelastic substitutes. The own-price elasticities of demand and the cross-price elasticities were all inelastic. The industry exhibits increasing returns to scale and positive technical change. Total factor productivity was increasing by 0.69%/year over the study period.

An intraregional economic analysis of production structure and factor demand in major Canadian softwood lumber producing regions

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Meil ◽  
J. C. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Factor ◽  
Factor Demand

Cross-sectional time-series data were employed to estimate four intraregional models of production structure and factor demand over the time period 1968–1984. Lumber, tie, and pulp chip information was incorporated into the restricted, single-output, variable cost transcendental logarithmic function. Results indicate that aggregate sectoral studies do not adequately reflect regional production behaviour in the industry. Additional tests for aggregation bias demonstrated that different mill sizes within a region also portray differing production behaviour. Factor demand decomposition analysis indicated that demand for production inputs is not static, but is governed by offsetting dynamic effects. With few exceptions, all mills across regions exemplify material- and energy-using and labour-saving biases in technical change. Larger mills consistenly registered the greatest labour-saving technical change, which countered their lack of attaining significantly large cost-reducing scale economies. Mid-sized mills consistently exhibited the largest returns to scale. The data suggest that small mills are leaving the industry in some regions and production capacity is becoming concentrated in the larger mills.

scholarly journals The Production Structure of Pennsylvania Dairy Farms

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Grisley ◽  
Kangethe W. Gitu
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Cost Function

The production structure of a selected cross-section sample of family owner-operated dairy farms is investigated using a translog variable cost function. Elasticities of scale, input substitution, and input own- and cross-price elasticities are estimated. At the sample mean herd size of 67 cows producing at 15,173 pounds of milk per cow, the elasticity of scale parameter was 1.00, implying constant returns to scale. The elasticities of substitution between feeds and hired labor and the own- and cross-price elasticities were inelastic.

scholarly journals Impact of Food Contamination on Brands: A Demand Systems Estimation of Peanut Butter

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Bakhtavoryan ◽  
Oral Capps ◽  
Victoria Salin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Borne Illness

A 2007 food-borne illness incident involving peanut butter is linked with structural change in consumer demand. Compensated and uncompensated own- and cross-price elasticities and expenditure elasticities were calculated for leading brands before and after the product recall using the Barten synthetic model and weekly time-series data from 2006 through 2008. Statistically significant differences in price elasticities for the affected brand, Peter Pan, were absent. After a period of 27 weeks, this brand essentially recovered from the food safety crisis. Significant differences in price elasticities were evident among non-affected brands. Hence, spillover effects and heightened competition are associated with the recall.

Income and Price Elasticities in India's Trade

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
G S Gupta ◽  
H Keshava
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
The World ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
Income And Price Elasticities ◽  
Annual Time

This article by G S Gupta and H Keshava estimates the export and import functions for India both at the aggregate (rest of the world) as well as the important individual country levels using annual time series data for the period 1960-61 through 1990-91.

INFLATION AND GROWTH IN THE LONG RUN: A NEW KEYNESIAN THEORY AND FURTHER SEMIPARAMETRIC EVIDENCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vaona
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Working Time ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Run

This paper explores the influence of inflation on economic growth both theoretically and empirically. We propose to merge an endogenous growth model of learning by doing with a New Keynesian one with sticky wages. We show that the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of working time is a key parameter for the shape of the inflation–growth nexus. When it is set equal to zero, the inflation–growth nexus is weak and hump-shaped. When it is greater than zero, inflation has a sizable and negative effect on growth. Endogenizing the length of wage contracts does not lead to inflation superneutrality in the presence of a fixed cost of wage resetting. Adopting various semiparametric and instrumental-variable estimation approaches on a cross-country/time-series data set, we show that increasing inflation reduces real economic growth, consistent with our theoretical model with a positive intertemporal elasticity of substitution of working time.

Matchingprozesse auf beruflichen Teilarbeitsmärkten / Job Matching on Occupational Labour Markets

2010 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stops ◽  
Thomas Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Job Matching ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Asymptotically Efficient ◽  
General Perspective

SummaryOur paper presents new estimates of matching functions on partial labor markets. We used extensive data, ranging from 1982 to 2003, which results in new insights, extending the knowledge obtained by former empirical studies. We also used the extended time series data to validate model assumptions, like stationarity, statistically. It is shown that some of these assumptions do not hold if recent data is included. We discuss potential consequences and modifications, resulting from these findings. Subsequently, we use a sophisticated pooled mean group panel model to provide more detailed insights into matching processes in the concerning partial labor markets. This approach allows for a more general perspective and furthermore, parameters can be estimated asymptotically efficient via maximum likelihood. The results obtained suggest movements to stable matching processes, positive elasticities of overall matching and decreasing returns to scale. The economical implications of these findings are discussed and compared with the results of other recent studies.

A Two-Stage Fuzzy Approach on the Socio-Economic Drivers of Global Energy Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 397-428
Author(s):  
Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira ◽  
Peter Wanke ◽  
Jorge Junio Moreira Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Fuzzy Approach ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuzzy Dea

Fuzzy models have been increasingly used in decision-making in the energy sector to deal with many uncertainties such as lack of data and climate change. This paper presents a global energetic efficiency analysis based on the time series data of 91 countries from 1960 to 2010, using an integrated two-stage fuzzy approach. More precisely, Fuzzy DEA models for traditional constant and varying returns to scale assumptions are employed in a first stage to assess the relative efficiency of these countries over the course of time. In the second stage, fuzzy regressions based on different rule-based systems are used to predict the impact of a set of demographic and socio-economic variables on energy efficiency. Energetic efficiency appears to be explained by the countervailing forces of urbanization, wealth inequality, and social development. Thus, a transition to a more energetic efficient lower carbon society will depend on how we address certain socio-political factors, such as pursuing a more sustainable urbanization, reducing inequalities and taking into consideration socio-environmental aspects in trade agreements.

scholarly journals Respon Penawaran Hasil dan Permintaan Masukan Usahatani Padi: Suatu Pendugaan Ulang

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Effendi Pasandaran ◽  
Pantjar Simatupang ◽  
NFN Supriyati
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Input Demand ◽  
Human Labor

Previous studies on rice farming output supply and input demand functions in Indonesia are considered not consistent anymore with present situation, and hence should be reestimated, because of two principle weaknesses: (1) hired tractor is not treated as a variable cost; (2) chemical fertilizers are not separated by their types. Reestimation is conducted using a quadratic profit function with crossprovincial-time series data 1986-1991. The analysis shows that TSP is a significant substitute for urea and complement with other chemical fertilizer. Human labor is substitutive with tractor and complementary with chemical fertilizers. As a whole, the findings are consistent with their theoretical expectation.

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY, AND RETURNS TO SCALE IN THE WASHINGTON STATE SAWMILL INDUSTRY

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
TED L. HELVOIGT ◽  
SHAWNA GROSSKOPF
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Sawmill Industry ◽  
Annual Decline

We employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the technical and scale efficiency of the sawmill industry of Washington State. We found that there is regional variation in the rate of technical efficiency and that for most years the industry in aggregate operated at a point of modest scale inefficiency. In addition, we examined the industry's rate of productivity growth and technical change between the early 1970s and late 1990s using the Malmquist input-oriented productivity index. We found that the industry experienced a modest average annual decline in productivity and technical change during the 1970s, but experienced strong productivity growth and technical change during the 1980s and 1990s.

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