scholarly journals Using Kaplan-Meier Curves for Preliminary Evaluation the Duration of Unemployment Spells

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Gabriela G. Babucea ◽  
Daniela Emanuela Danacica
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
Unemployment Spells

scholarly journals Gender Disparities in the Duration of Unemployment Spells in Slovenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Pašič ◽  
Alenka Kavkler ◽  
Darja Boršič
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Survival Functions ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Unemployment Spells

Gender Disparities in the Duration of Unemployment Spells in SloveniaThe paper offers an overview of labor market characteristics in Slovenia with an emphasis on gender disparities. A survival analysis is conducted based on an extensive database obtained from the Employment Office of the Republic of Slovenia of more than 450,000 unemployment incidences between January 2004 and July 2008. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival functions show specific disparities among unemployed women and men in Slovenia. Unemployed men are better off when re-entering the labor market as they are re-employed more quickly than women.

scholarly journals Unemployment Insurance, Unemployment Duration, and Excess Supply of Labour

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
Unemployment Spells

This paper examines the effect of the unemployment insurance scheme on the duration of unemployment spells in Canada in the period 1953-1973.

scholarly journals The concentration of unemployment experience in spells of long donation: An analysis by age and sex

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brosnan ◽  
John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Life Table Method ◽  
Table Method ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Age And Sex

Estimates of the completed duration of unemployment are prepared by the generation life table method. It is found that the duration of unemployment spells increases with age. However younger workers have a higher probability of becoming unemployed. Thus their higher unemployment rate is due to more, but shorter spells of unemployment. The rise in the unemployment rate for males in recent years is primarily due to an increasing duration of unemployment. When we decompose unemployment by length of spell, we find that spells of 13 weeks and longer account for between 70 and 90 percent of all significant unemployment. These results call into question the theoretical base of Government's current employment policy.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Evaluation of a Reusable Digital Sterilization Indicator Prototype

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Puttaiah ◽  
J Griggs ◽  
M D'Onofrio
Keyword(s):  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Mean Lifetime ◽  
Final Batch

ABSTRACT Background Sterilization of critical and semicritical instruments used in patient care must undergo a terminal process of sterilization. Use of chemical and physical indicators are important in providing information on the sterilizer's performance during each cycle. Regular and periodic monitoring of sterilizers using biological indictors is necessary in periodically validating performance of sterilizers. Data loggers or independent digital parametric indicators are innovative devices that provide more information than various classes chemical indicators. In this study we evaluated a prototype of an independent digital parametric indicator's use in autoclaves. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of an independent digital indictor/data logger prototype (DS1922F) that could be used for multiple cycles within an autoclave. MG Materials and methods Three batches of the DS1922F (150 samples) were used in this study that was conducted in a series. The first batch was challenged with 300 sterilization cycles within an autoclave and the data loggers evaluated to study failures and the reason for failure, make corrections and improve the prototype design. After changes made based on studying the first batch, the second batch of the prototype (150 samples) were challenged once again with 300 sterilization cycles within an autoclave and failure studied again in further improvement of the prototype. The final batch (3rd batch) of the prototype (150 samples) was challenged again but with 600 cycles to see how long they would last. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis analyses of all three batches was conducted (α = 0.05) and failed samples qualitatively studied in understanding the variables involved in the failure of the prototype, and in improving quality. Results Each tested batch provided crucial information on device failure and helped in improvement of the prototype. Mean lifetime survival of the final batch (Batch 3) of prototype was 498 (480, 516) sterilization cycles in an autoclave. Conclusion In this study, the final batch of the DS1922F prototype data logger was found to be robust in withstanding the challenge of 600 autoclave cycles, with a mean lifetime of more than 450 cycles, multiple times more than prescribed number of cycles. Clinical significance Instrument reprocessing is among the important aspects of infection control. While stringent procedures are followed in instrument reprocessing within the clinic in assuring patient safety, regular use of sterilization process indicators and periodic biological validation of the sterilizer's performance is necessary. Chemical indicators for use in Autoclaves provide information on whether the particular cycle's parameters were achieved but do not provide at what specific point in time or temperature the failure occurred. Data loggers and associated reader software as the tested prototype in this evaluation (DS1922F), are designed to provide continuous information on time and temperature of the prescribed cycle. Data loggers provide immediate information on the process as opposed to Biological Indicators that take from days to a week in obtaining a confirmatory result. Further, many countries do not have the sterilization monitoring service infrastructure to meet the demands of the end users. In the absence of sterilization monitoring services, use of digital data loggers for each sterilization cycle is more pragmatic. How to cite this article Puttaiah R, Griggs J, D'Onofrio M. A Preliminary Evaluation of a Reusable Digital Sterilization Indicator Prototype. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):626-635.

scholarly journals Cyclical Variations in the Duration of Unemployment Spells

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Corak
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
Distributional Assumptions ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Unemployment Spells

The purpose of this paper is to examine one implication of the view that the duration of unemployment is invariant over the course of the business cycle. The data used are derived from the Annual Work Patterns Survey for the years 1978-80 and 1982-85. Accelerated life-time models under a variety of distributional assumptions are used to examine unemployment spells from each year of data.

Preliminary Evaluation of a Weibull Function for Fitting Slow-Component Eye Velocity over the Time Course of Caloric-Induced Nystagmus

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Formby ◽  
B. Albritton ◽  
I. M. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Eye Velocity ◽  
Fitting Parameters ◽  
Weibull Equation

We describe preliminary attempts to fit a mathematical function to the slow-component eye velocity (SCV) over the time course of caloric-induced nystagmus. Initially, we consider a Weibull equation with three parameters. These parameters are estimated by a least-squares procedure to fit digitized SCV data. We present examples of SCV data and fitted curves to show how adjustments in the parameters of the model affect the fitted curve. The best fitting parameters are presented for curves fit to 120 warm caloric responses. The fitting parameters and the efficacy of the fitted curves are compared before and after the SCV data were smoothed to reduce response variability. We also consider a more flexible four-parameter Weibull equation that, for 98% of the smoothed caloric responses, yields fits that describe the data more precisely than a line through the mean. Finally, we consider advantages and problems in fitting the Weibull function to caloric data.

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