Relationships between Stream Size, Suspended Particles, and Filter-Feeding Macroinvertebrates in a Great Plains Drainage Network

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt R. Whiles ◽  
Walter K. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Stream Size

The size range of suspended particles trapped and ingested by the filter-feeding lancelet Branchiostoma floridae (Cephalochordata: Acrania)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Ruppert ◽  
Troy R. Nash ◽  
Allison J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Branchiostoma Floridae ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Different Diameters

Lancelets of the genus Branchiostoma (amphioxus) are widespread and locally abundant filter-feeding animals in shallow coastal waters of the south-eastern US (up to 5000 ind/m2) and in temperate and tropical seas worldwide (up to 9000 ind/m2). Lancelets are consumed by bottom-dwelling fish and humans. As part of a larger project to aquaculture lancelets, an experiment was conducted to determine the range of diameters of suspended particles filtered and ingested by the Florida lancelet, Branchiostoma floridae (Chordata: Cephalochordata). After a period of starvation, animals were exposed to a suspension of tracer particles of seven different diameters (range 90–0.062 μm) and the protein, ferritin (0.012 μm) and their faeces were examined subsequently for the presence or absence of tracer. Particles ranging from 90–0.062 μm, but not ferritin, were filtered and ingested. Many of the 90 μm diameter particles, however, were excluded from entering the body by the oral cirri. Under experimental conditions, B. floridae filters and ingests particles in the range of ∼100–0.062 μm (microplankton to colloidal particles). This result suggests that the lancelet diet, like that of appendicularians, includes microbial as well as phytoplankton production.

Dynamics of filter feeding in Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Way ◽  
Daniel J. Hornbach ◽  
Christine A. Miller-Way ◽  
Barry S. Payne ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
River Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Filtration rates of Corbicula fluminea were measured using 2-μm microspheres from three riverine habitats which differed in ambient suspended particle concentration; rates were measured at particle concentrations spanning the range for the three habitats. Filtration rates were significantly different across the three habitats, and were inversely correlated with the mean ambient suspended particle concentrations: 66.4 mL/h for 11 mg/L, 100.2 mL/h for 7 mg/L, and 144.9 mL/h for 4 mg/L for the Tombigbee, Ouachita and Tangipahoa rivers, respectively. However, the weight of particles filtered by clams from the three rivers was not significantly different. These results indicate that C. fluminea can make physiological adjustments to its filtration rate to achieve some "optimal" rate of particle removal. Within each habitat, particle concentration had a significant effect on filtration rates for the Tombigbee River and Tangipahoa River populations; maximal filtration rates were observed in the range of ambient particle concentrations for each habitat. The effects of particle size and type on filtration rates were examined for clams from the Tombigbee River. Filtration rates were measured with microspheres of various sizes, natural suspended particles, and Chlorella. Filtration rates were highest with natural suspended particles; these particles were also the smallest in size (3 × 5 μm). Rates were also highest when measured with particles representative of the size range encountered in the field. There was no significant difference in filtration rates measured with similar-sized microspheres and Chlorella. Pseudofeces were produced by all sizes of clams from each population at particle concentrations greater than 12 mg/L. For the Tombigbee River population, pseudofeces were produced by all sizes of clams at particle sizes greater than or equal to 16 μm. These data indicate that there are potential morphological constraints on the clam gill that limit the range of particle concentrations and sizes that can be processed. Laboratory observations also demonstrated the capacity for deposit feeding in C. fluminea. Our data indicate that filter feeding in C. fluminea is a complex phenomenon, requiring an understanding of how the physiological process of feeding is influenced by morphological constraints imposed upon gill functioning and by the temporal effects of environmental variables. In addition, the plasticity in the filter-feeding response and the capacity for alternative feeding modes contribute to the success of C. fluminea as an invasive species.

Influence of Tributary Spatial Position on the Structure of Warmwater Fish Communities

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis L. Osborne ◽  
Michael J. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Stream Size

We found a significant and positive relationship between fish species richness and four measures of stream size (drainage area, stream order, link magnitude, and downstream link) in three Illinois drainage basins. Downstream link (incorporating both stream size and size of stream at the next downstream confluence) explained the greatest portion of the variance. This suggests that downstream processes significantly influence the structure of fish communities inhabiting warmwater streams. Significantly higher numbers of fish species were collected from tributary streams (< 259 km2 drainage area) located lower in a drainage network and connected to a main channel system than from similarly sized streams located in the headwaters of a drainage network. The difference in species richness among station treatments was not due to a difference in the number of individuals collected among treatments. We were unable to accept or reject the hypothesis that differences in fish species richness were due to differences in physical habitat. The immigration–extinction hypothesis appears to provide a plausible explanation for the observed pattern in fish community structure within a drainage. The location of a stream channel within a network may provide a general template for fish community structure in warmwater drainages by regulating potential species richness.

Alteration of carbon cycling by beaver: methane evasion rates from boreal forest streams and rivers

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim E. Ford ◽  
Robert J. Naiman
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Beaver Ponds ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Stream Size ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Forest Drainage

In boreal forest drainage networks, beaver (Castor canadensis) apparently influence the biogeochemical cycling of carbon by creating conditions for sediment accumulation in streams, providing anoxic conditions suitable for significant methanogenesis. To test this assumption we measured methane evasion rates in streams, ranging in size from first to sixth order, in the Matamek River drainage network, Quebec, Canada. Evasion rates varied between 0.04 and 4.41 g C (CH4)∙m−2∙year−1. There was no correlation between stream size or water temperature and evasion rate. However, methane evasion was 33-fold greater in beaver ponds than at other sites, representing 3.6% of the measured annual carbon output. In contrast, methane evasion accounted for only 0.05–0.5% of the annual carbon output from sites not modified by beaver.

Mechanisms of filter feeding in immature Simulium bivittatum Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Isonychia campestris McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Braimah
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Ionic Interaction ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Filter Surface ◽  
Aerosol Filtration

Immatures of Isonychia campestris McDunnough and Simulium bivittatum Malloch, fed mixtures of six size classes of polystyrene particles, captured particles that were smaller than the pore spaces between filtering structures more efficiently than was expected if filters functioned only as mechanical sieves. Capture efficiency was highest for the smallest (0.5 – 5.7 μm) particles. Relative efficiencies of filters for capturing suspended particles by four aerosol filtration mechanisms show that interception and diffusive deposition are mechanisms by which smaller particles reach the filter surface. The latter mechanism is a better predictor of size distribution of 0.5- to 5.7-μm particles captured by both insects. Adhesion of particles to filtering structures is probably by hydrophilic–hydrophobic or ionic interaction between particles and filters.

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