Filter feeding by Oikopleura vanhoeffeni: grazing impact on suspended particles in cold ocean waters

1988 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Deibel
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Filter Feeding

Filter-feeding ascidians (Ciona intestinalis) in a shallow cove: Implications of hydrodynamics for grazing impact

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ulrik Riisgård ◽  
Carsten Jürgensen ◽  
Torben Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Filter Feeding

The size range of suspended particles trapped and ingested by the filter-feeding lancelet Branchiostoma floridae (Cephalochordata: Acrania)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Ruppert ◽  
Troy R. Nash ◽  
Allison J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Branchiostoma Floridae ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Different Diameters

Lancelets of the genus Branchiostoma (amphioxus) are widespread and locally abundant filter-feeding animals in shallow coastal waters of the south-eastern US (up to 5000 ind/m2) and in temperate and tropical seas worldwide (up to 9000 ind/m2). Lancelets are consumed by bottom-dwelling fish and humans. As part of a larger project to aquaculture lancelets, an experiment was conducted to determine the range of diameters of suspended particles filtered and ingested by the Florida lancelet, Branchiostoma floridae (Chordata: Cephalochordata). After a period of starvation, animals were exposed to a suspension of tracer particles of seven different diameters (range 90–0.062 μm) and the protein, ferritin (0.012 μm) and their faeces were examined subsequently for the presence or absence of tracer. Particles ranging from 90–0.062 μm, but not ferritin, were filtered and ingested. Many of the 90 μm diameter particles, however, were excluded from entering the body by the oral cirri. Under experimental conditions, B. floridae filters and ingests particles in the range of ∼100–0.062 μm (microplankton to colloidal particles). This result suggests that the lancelet diet, like that of appendicularians, includes microbial as well as phytoplankton production.

Dynamics of filter feeding in Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Way ◽  
Daniel J. Hornbach ◽  
Christine A. Miller-Way ◽  
Barry S. Payne ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
River Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Filtration rates of Corbicula fluminea were measured using 2-μm microspheres from three riverine habitats which differed in ambient suspended particle concentration; rates were measured at particle concentrations spanning the range for the three habitats. Filtration rates were significantly different across the three habitats, and were inversely correlated with the mean ambient suspended particle concentrations: 66.4 mL/h for 11 mg/L, 100.2 mL/h for 7 mg/L, and 144.9 mL/h for 4 mg/L for the Tombigbee, Ouachita and Tangipahoa rivers, respectively. However, the weight of particles filtered by clams from the three rivers was not significantly different. These results indicate that C. fluminea can make physiological adjustments to its filtration rate to achieve some "optimal" rate of particle removal. Within each habitat, particle concentration had a significant effect on filtration rates for the Tombigbee River and Tangipahoa River populations; maximal filtration rates were observed in the range of ambient particle concentrations for each habitat. The effects of particle size and type on filtration rates were examined for clams from the Tombigbee River. Filtration rates were measured with microspheres of various sizes, natural suspended particles, and Chlorella. Filtration rates were highest with natural suspended particles; these particles were also the smallest in size (3 × 5 μm). Rates were also highest when measured with particles representative of the size range encountered in the field. There was no significant difference in filtration rates measured with similar-sized microspheres and Chlorella. Pseudofeces were produced by all sizes of clams from each population at particle concentrations greater than 12 mg/L. For the Tombigbee River population, pseudofeces were produced by all sizes of clams at particle sizes greater than or equal to 16 μm. These data indicate that there are potential morphological constraints on the clam gill that limit the range of particle concentrations and sizes that can be processed. Laboratory observations also demonstrated the capacity for deposit feeding in C. fluminea. Our data indicate that filter feeding in C. fluminea is a complex phenomenon, requiring an understanding of how the physiological process of feeding is influenced by morphological constraints imposed upon gill functioning and by the temporal effects of environmental variables. In addition, the plasticity in the filter-feeding response and the capacity for alternative feeding modes contribute to the success of C. fluminea as an invasive species.

Mechanisms of filter feeding in immature Simulium bivittatum Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Isonychia campestris McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Braimah
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Ionic Interaction ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Filter Surface ◽  
Aerosol Filtration

Immatures of Isonychia campestris McDunnough and Simulium bivittatum Malloch, fed mixtures of six size classes of polystyrene particles, captured particles that were smaller than the pore spaces between filtering structures more efficiently than was expected if filters functioned only as mechanical sieves. Capture efficiency was highest for the smallest (0.5 – 5.7 μm) particles. Relative efficiencies of filters for capturing suspended particles by four aerosol filtration mechanisms show that interception and diffusive deposition are mechanisms by which smaller particles reach the filter surface. The latter mechanism is a better predictor of size distribution of 0.5- to 5.7-μm particles captured by both insects. Adhesion of particles to filtering structures is probably by hydrophilic–hydrophobic or ionic interaction between particles and filters.

Hydrography, near-bottom currents, and grazing impact of the filter-feeding ascidianCiona intestinalisin a Danish fjord

Ophelia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ulrik Riisgård ◽  
Annika Sundberg Jensen ◽  
Carsten Jürgensen
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Bottom Currents

Grazing impact of filter-feeding zoobenthos in a Danish fjord

2004 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ulrik Riisgaard ◽  
Dorthe F Seerup ◽  
Mikael Hjorth Jensen ◽  
Elsebeth Glob ◽  
Poul S Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Filter Feeding
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