Alteration of carbon cycling by beaver: methane evasion rates from boreal forest streams and rivers

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim E. Ford ◽  
Robert J. Naiman
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Beaver Ponds ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Stream Size ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Forest Drainage

In boreal forest drainage networks, beaver (Castor canadensis) apparently influence the biogeochemical cycling of carbon by creating conditions for sediment accumulation in streams, providing anoxic conditions suitable for significant methanogenesis. To test this assumption we measured methane evasion rates in streams, ranging in size from first to sixth order, in the Matamek River drainage network, Quebec, Canada. Evasion rates varied between 0.04 and 4.41 g C (CH4)∙m−2∙year−1. There was no correlation between stream size or water temperature and evasion rate. However, methane evasion was 33-fold greater in beaver ponds than at other sites, representing 3.6% of the measured annual carbon output. In contrast, methane evasion accounted for only 0.05–0.5% of the annual carbon output from sites not modified by beaver.

Beaver Influences on the Long-Term Biogeochemical Characteristics of Boreal Forest Drainage Networks

Ecology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Naiman ◽  
Gilles Pinay ◽  
Carol A. Johnston ◽  
John Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Forest Drainage

Ecosystem Alteation of Boreal Forest Streams by Beaver (Castor Canadensis)

Ecology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1254-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Naiman ◽  
Jerry M. Melillo ◽  
John E. Hobbie
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Forest Streams

Surveying biodiversity in protected and managed areas: Algae, macrophytes and macroinvertebrates in boreal forest streams

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Heino ◽  
Jari Ilmonen ◽  
Juho Kotanen ◽  
Heikki Mykrä ◽  
Lauri Paasivirta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Streams

Research for Combined Drainage Networks in Chuanfang River Basin of Kunming City Based on SWMM

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2380-2385
Author(s):  
Xiao Min Zhu ◽  
Bing Huang ◽  
Shu Dong Wang ◽  
Jin Long Zheng ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Water Base

A model for simulating combined drainage networks in Chuangfang river basin of Kunming City based on the Storm Water Management Model was established. The type and period of using water base on residential area, marketplace, school area, and guesthouse area Kunming city were introduced into the model, and their infection for drainage system was research. The results show that simulation results of two outlets flow have coherence with monitoring data based two typical rainfall in Kunming, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is 0.71-0.82. And the model can be using analyze ‘bottleneck’ nodes and restricting conduits, simulating the running status of drainage network of combined drainage at raining and draining peak time of sewage water. The research provide strong technical support for rebuild drainage network in Kunming or other city.

Progress in the use of drainage network indices for rainfall-runoff modelling and runoff prediction

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldene Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Runoff Prediction

Traditional catchment-based approaches to runoff prediction suffer from the problem that it is difficult to interpret the collective physical significance of a large number of intercorrelated drainage basin variables. This has highlighted the need for a sensitive and meaningful index to relate the basin character to the discharge produced. Network routing models also require an appropriate descriptor of drainage basin form to relate to hydrologic response characteristics. An index of the drainage network is potentially the most valuable because it responds to precipitation, reflects the characteristics of the basin and affects runoff. Although a large number of drainage network indices have been developed they have proved inadequate in their failure to describe the dynamic nature of drainage networks. Future research into the use of drainage networks for rainfall- runoff modelling and runoff prediction needs to have as its central aim the development of a dynamic network index which has physical meaning for drainage basins of all sizes and which is quick and easy to calculate from data that are rapidly obtainable. Despite the improved resolution of satellite imagery its high cost still prevents the widespread application of satellite remote sensing techniques to monitoring storm-specific drainage network changes. However, the increased availability of topographic data in digital format and the recent developments in digital elevation models (DEMs) have demonstrated the potential for the rapid derivation of both perennial and extended drainage networks from which network expansion potential can be calculated.

scholarly journals Ice sheet and palaeoclimate controls on drainage network evolution: an example from Dogger Bank, North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-891
Author(s):  
Andy R. Emery ◽  
David M. Hodgson ◽  
Natasha L. M. Barlow ◽  
Jonathan L. Carrivick ◽  
Carol J. Cotterill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Dogger Bank ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
M Channels

Abstract. Submerged landscapes on continental shelves archive drainage networks formed during periods of sea-level lowstand. The evolution of these postglacial drainage networks also reveals how past climate changes affected the landscape. Ice-marginal and paraglacial drainage networks on low-relief topography are susceptible to reorganisation of water supply, forced by ice-marginal rearrangement, precipitation and temperature variations, and marine inundation. A rare geological archive of climate-driven landscape evolution during the transition from ice-marginal (ca. 23 ka) to a fully submerged marine environment (ca. 8 ka) is preserved at Dogger Bank, in the southern North Sea. In this study, our analysis of high-resolution seismic reflection and cone penetration test data reveal a channel network over a 1330 km2 area that incised glacial and proglacial lake-fill sediments. The channel network sits below coastal and shallow marine sediments and is therefore interpreted to represent a terrestrial drainage network. When mapped out, the channel form morphology reveals two distinct sets. The first set comprises two low-sinuosity, wide (>400 m) channels that contain macroforms of braid and side bars. These channels are interpreted to have originated as proglacial rivers, which drained the ice-sheet margin to the north. The second set of channels (75–200 m wide, with one larger, ∼400 m wide) has higher sinuosity and forms a subdendritic network of tributaries to the proglacial channels. The timing of channel formation lacks chronostratigraphic control. However, the proglacial rivers must have formed as the ice sheet was still on Dogger Bank, before 23 ka, to supply meltwater to the rivers. Ice-sheet retreat from Dogger Bank led to reorganisation of meltwater drainage and abandonment of the proglacial rivers. Palaeoclimate simulations show a cold and dry period at Dogger Bank between 23 and 17 ka. After 17 ka, precipitation increased, and drainage of precipitation formed the second set of channels. The second set of rivers remained active until marine transgression of Dogger Bank at ca. 8.5–8 ka. Overall, this study provides a detailed insight into the evolution of river networks across Dogger Bank and highlights the interplay between external (climate) and internal (local) forcings in drainage network evolution.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Beaver Ponds and Landforms Induced by Beaver Activity, S Part of the Tuchola Pinewoods, Poland

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3641
Author(s):  
Mirosław Rurek
Keyword(s):  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Beaver Ponds ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Beaver ◽  
Beaver Dams

Currently, there are only two species of beavers described—the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). Their natural habitats are confined to the northern hemisphere but instances of beaver introduction to regions of the world they do not normally inhabit have also been recorded. The activity of beavers leads to changes in the natural environment linked to hydrological and geomorphological and plant cover transformations. Beavers live in natural and artificial water reservoirs and rivers. If the water level in the river is too low, they build dams to create a comfortable living environment. This paper aims to present changes in the relief of the valley inhabited by beavers in which sediments accumulate. During the field study, detailed measurements of dams and of the spatial range of beaver ponds were made, and the thickness and spatial distribution of accumulated sediments were determined. In addition, measurements of geomorphological forms in beaver ponds were also made. The samples of sediments were subject to grain-size distribution analysis, the results of which allowed calculating sediment parameters. Beavers appeared in the Gajdówka valley in the southern part of the Tuchola Forest (Poland) in 2008. In 2008–2011 they built 17 beaver dams that impounded ponds. The beaver ponds and beaver dams were of different sizes. They either flooded the whole flat bottom of the valley or only raised the level of water in the riverbed. A characteristic feature of beaver ponds is that they capture sediments. Different landforms were created in the course of the formation and disappearance of beaver ponds. It was established that these include alluvial fans, levees, sand shadow dunes and microterraces formed by deposition and erosion. They do not occur in all ponds. Points at which mineral sediments are supplied to the watercourse, including beaver burrows and erosion hollows, are presented together with the points at which sediments are transferred from ponds upstream to ponds downstream the watercourse. Beaver activity during valley colonization shows changes in the landscape caused by their presence and in particular their impact on the relief and deposition of sediments. Analysis of contemporary changes in the morphology of the Gajdówka Valley leads to the conclusion that beaver activity has had an intense impact on the terrain relief of the valley inhabited by beavers.

scholarly journals Ground-penetrating radar imaging reveals glacier's drainage network in 3D

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 3975-3988
Author(s):  
Gregory Church ◽  
Andreas Bauder ◽  
Melchior Grab ◽  
Hansruedi Maurer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Radar Imaging ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Glacier Dynamics ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. Hydrological systems of glaciers have a direct impact on the glacier dynamics. Since the 1950s, geophysical studies have provided insights into these hydrological systems. Unfortunately, such studies were predominantly conducted using 2D acquisitions along a few profiles, thus failing to provide spatially unaliased 3D images of englacial and subglacial water pathways. The latter has likely resulted in flawed constraints for the hydrological modelling of glacier drainage networks. Here, we present 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) results that provide high-resolution 3D images of an alpine glacier's drainage network. Our results confirm a long-standing englacial hydrology theory stating that englacial conduits flow around glacial overdeepenings rather than directly over the overdeepening. Furthermore, these results also show exciting new opportunities for high-resolution 3D GPR studies of glaciers.

scholarly journals Connectivity-informed drainage network generation using deep convolution generative adversarial networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Eun Kim ◽  
Yongwon Seo ◽  
Junshik Hwang ◽  
Hongkyu Yoon ◽  
Jonghyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Stochastic Network ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Training Samples

AbstractStochastic network modeling is often limited by high computational costs to generate a large number of networks enough for meaningful statistical evaluation. In this study, Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) were applied to quickly reproduce drainage networks from the already generated network samples without repetitive long modeling of the stochastic network model, Gibb’s model. In particular, we developed a novel connectivity-informed method that converts the drainage network images to the directional information of flow on each node of the drainage network, and then transforms it into multiple binary layers where the connectivity constraints between nodes in the drainage network are stored. DCGANs trained with three different types of training samples were compared; (1) original drainage network images, (2) their corresponding directional information only, and (3) the connectivity-informed directional information. A comparison of generated images demonstrated that the novel connectivity-informed method outperformed the other two methods by training DCGANs more effectively and better reproducing accurate drainage networks due to its compact representation of the network complexity and connectivity. This work highlights that DCGANs can be applicable for high contrast images common in earth and material sciences where the network, fractures, and other high contrast features are important.

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