scholarly journals Simulating Dryland Water Availability and Spring Wheat Production in the Northern Great Plains

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Patricia N. S. Bartling ◽  
Jalal D. Jabro ◽  
Andrew W. Lenssen ◽  
William M. Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Production

Simulating Dryland Water Availability and Spring Wheat Production under Various Management Practices in the Northern Great Plains

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Patricia N.S Bartling ◽  
Jalal D Jabro ◽  
Andrew W Lenssen ◽  
William M Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Crop Sequence Influences on Sustainable Spring Wheat Production in the Northern Great Plains

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 3695-3709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Tanaka ◽  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
Joseph M. Krupinsky ◽  
Stephen D. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Crop Sequence

scholarly journals Soil Quality and Water Redistribution Influences on Plant Production over Low Hillslopes on Reclaimed Mined Land

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Merrill ◽  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
John D. Hendrickson ◽  
Abbey F. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
Highly Correlated

Coal surface mining in northern Great Plains USA led to reclamation experiments with soil respreading. Respread soil depth (RSD) and runoff of water redistribution (WR) effects interacted in original North Dakota studies, complicating interpretations. We determined WR and soil depth/soil quality (SQ) effects on hillslope production patterns for sites with soil wedges (2%–5% slope, 50-m length) over sodic mine spoils. At Zap, cool-season forages crested wheatgrass (CWG: Agropyron cristatum) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) generally decreased as RSD increased upslope. At Stanton, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), native grasses (Bouteloua spp.), and CWG responded to RSD, increasing 70% to midslope and decreasing further. A SQ index (SQI) based on six indicator properties was highly correlated (r > 0.7) with RSD. Yield regressions with RSD or SQI were generally significant for Stanton forages and for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) at both sites. Yield regressions with WR index (catchment area-based) indicated dominance of WR effects at Zap. Cool-season forages at Zap evidently responded to springtime runoff, while Stanton forages and spring wheat at both sites used water later in the season and responded to soil depth/SQ effects. Results suggest models for interaction of SQ and landform WR affecting productivity should include plant community composition and water-use information.

Emergence timing and control of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in spring wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Hacault ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

In the northern region of the northern Great Plains of North America, the relative abundance of dandelion in field crops has increased over the past two decades, and farmers need information to help them to better manage this species and slow its spread. A study was conducted to determine the emergence timing of dandelion from both rootstock and seed, and to investigate the efficacy of preseeding (spring) versus postharvest (autumn) herbicide treatments on dandelion in spring wheat fields. Emergence of dandelion plants from rootstock was very early (mean time to 50% emergence [E50] of 430 growing degree days [GDD] Tbase0 C), while seedling emergence was much later (mean E50of 980 GDD). Dandelion does not have a persistent seed bank, and seedling emergence occurred only after dandelion plants arising from rootstock flowered and shed seed. Herbicide treatments that included glyphosate plus florasulam, glyphosate plus tribenuron, or higher rates of glyphosate alone (≥675 g ae ha−1), provided high levels of dandelion control. Autumn herbicide applications were more effective than spring applications for reducing dandelion infestation levels (both aboveground biomass and density). Autumn herbicide applications came after peak emergence timing for dandelion plants emerging both from rootstock and from seed. Because dandelion is a simple perennial, population spread must be limited by controlling seedlings. Autumn herbicide applications provide control of dandelion seedlings and therefore, should limit dandelion population spread.

Impact of tillage on field pea following spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Carr ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
R. D. Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Tillage is being reduced in semiarid regions. The impact of changing tillage practices on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) performance has not been considered in a major pea-producing area within the US northern Great Plains. A study was conducted from 2000 through 2005 to determine how field pea performance compared following spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in clean-till (CT), reduced-till (RT), and no-till (NT) systems arranged in a randomized complete block at Dickinson in southwestern North Dakota. Seed yield increased over 1600 kg ha-1 in 2000 and almost 400 kg ha-1 in 2003 under NT compared with CT, and by 960 kg ha-1 in 2000 under NT compared with RT (P < 0.05). Differences in seed yield were not detected between tillage systems in other years. Plant establishment was improved as tillage was reduced, averaging 66 plants m-2 under NT and RT compared with 60 plants m-2 under CT management. The soil water conservation that can occur after adopting NT may explain the increased seed yields that occurred in some years. These results suggest that field pea seed yield can be increased by eliminating tillage in semiarid areas of the US northern Great Plains, particularly when dry conditions develop and persist. Key words: Zero tillage, field pea, cropping system, N-fixation, legume

scholarly journals Northwestward cropland expansion and growing urea-based fertilizer use enhanced NH<sub>3</sub> emission loss in the contiguous United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 11907-11922
Author(s):  
Peiyu Cao ◽  
Chaoqun Lu ◽  
Jien Zhang ◽  
Avani Khadilkar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
The United States ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract. The increasing demands of food and biofuel have promoted cropland expansion and nitrogen (N) fertilizer enrichment in the United States over the past century. However, the role of such long-term human activities in influencing the spatiotemporal patterns of ammonia (NH3) emission remains poorly understood. Based on an empirical model and time-series gridded datasets including temperature, soil properties, N fertilizer management, and cropland distribution history, we have quantified monthly fertilizer-induced NH3 emission across the contiguous US from 1900 to 2015. Our results show that N-fertilizer-induced NH3 emission in the US has increased from <50 Gg N yr−1 before the 1960s to 641 Gg N yr−1 in 2015, for which corn and spring wheat are the dominant contributors. Meanwhile, urea-based fertilizers gradually grew to the largest NH3 emitter and accounted for 78 % of the total increase during 1960–2015. The factorial contribution analysis indicates that the rising N fertilizer use rate dominated the NH3 emission increase since 1960, whereas the impacts of temperature, cropland distribution and rotation, and N fertilizer type varied among regions and over periods. Geospatial analysis reveals that the hot spots of NH3 emissions have shifted from the central US to the Northern Great Plains from 1960 to 2015. The increasing NH3 emissions in the Northern Great Plains have been found to closely correlate to the elevated NH4+ deposition in this region over the last 3 decades. This study shows that April, May, and June account for the majority of NH3 emission in a year. Interestingly, the peak emission month has shifted from May to April since the 1960s. Our results imply that the northwestward corn and spring wheat expansion and growing urea-based fertilizer uses have dramatically altered the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of NH3 emission, impacting air pollution and public health in the US.

Weed Community and Species Response to Crop Rotation, Tillage, and Nitrogen Fertility

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson ◽  
Don L. Tanaka ◽  
Al L. Black ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Tillage System

Producers in the northern Great Plains are exploring alternative crop rotations, with the goal of replacing spring wheat-fallow. We characterized the weed associations occurring with tillage system and nitrogen level in two rotations, spring wheat (SW)-fallow (F) and SW-winter wheat (WW)-sunflower (SUN). Weed density was measured 10 yr after initiation of the study. With both rotations, weed community density was highest with no-till. For SW-F, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and fairy candelabra comprised 99% of the weed community, whereas 13 species were observed in SW-WW-SUN. Fairy candelabra, a rangeland species, was observed only in the no-till system of SW-F. In SW-WW-SUN, no-till favored kochia, Russian thistle, and foxtails, whereas common lambsquarters and annual sowthistle were more common in tilled systems. Nitrogen fertilizer increased crop competitiveness in SW-WW-SUN with no-till, subsequently reducing weed density. Cultural strategies that disrupt weed associations will aid producers in managing weeds.

Limiting Green and Yellow Foxtail (Setaria viridisandS. glauca) Seed Production Following Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Harvest

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
George O. Kegode ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Main Plot

Green and yellow foxtail seed production following harvest of spring wheat is a concern of producers in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 in three tillage systems, no till (NT), chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP), at the University of Minnesota West Central Experiment Station, Morris, MN, to determine whether time of glyphosate application or tillage after spring wheat harvest could reduce postharvest foxtail seed production. In both years, hard red spring wheat was planted in late April and a packaged mixture of fenoxaprop and 2,4-D ester and MCPA ester was applied at a rate of 53 g and 81 g and 246 g ai/ha for grass and broadleaf weed control. Following spring wheat harvest, each main plot was subdivided into seven subplots, including an untreated control. One subplot was disked twice at 4 to 6 d after harvest (DAH) of spring wheat, and five other subplots had glyphosate (0.25 kg ai/ ha) applied on different days (1 to 31 DAH). Foxtail seeds were collected from the soil surface following first frost, and the number of green and yellow foxtail seeds were determined. Tillage immediately after spring wheat harvest eliminated foxtail plants, and no new foxtail seedlings emerged in either tilled or glyphosate-treated plots despite ideal postharvest conditions for foxtail germination and emergence in 1997. Most viable green foxtail seeds were consistently obtained in NT plots, whereas yellow foxtail seed production varied among tillage systems. Either tillage soon after spring wheat harvest or glyphosate application within 16 DAH reduced green and yellow foxtail seed production by greater than 70%.

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