Simulating Dryland Water Availability and Spring Wheat Production under Various Management Practices in the Northern Great Plains

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Patricia N.S Bartling ◽  
Jalal D Jabro ◽  
Andrew W Lenssen ◽  
William M Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Simulating Dryland Water Availability and Spring Wheat Production in the Northern Great Plains

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Patricia N. S. Bartling ◽  
Jalal D. Jabro ◽  
Andrew W. Lenssen ◽  
William M. Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Crop Sequence Influences on Sustainable Spring Wheat Production in the Northern Great Plains

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 3695-3709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Tanaka ◽  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
Joseph M. Krupinsky ◽  
Stephen D. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Crop Sequence

scholarly journals Impact of environmental changes and land-management practices on wheat production in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gahlot ◽  
Tzu-Shun Lin ◽  
Atul K. Jain ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy ◽  
Vinay K. Sehgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wheat Production

Abstract. Spring wheat is a major food crop that is a staple for a large number of people in India and the world. To address the issue of food security, it is essential to understand how productivity of spring wheat changes with changes in environmental conditions and agricultural management practices. The goal of this study is to quantify the role of different environmental factors and management practices on wheat production in India in recent years (1980 to 2016). Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate change are identified as two major factors that represent changes in the environment. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation practices are the two land-management factors considered in this study. To study the effects of these factors on wheat growth and production, we developed crop growth processes for spring wheat in India and implemented them in the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM), a state-of-the-art land model. The model is able to capture site-level observed crop leaf area index (LAI) and country scale production. Numerical experiments are conducted with the model to quantify the effect of each factor on wheat production on a country scale for India. Our results show that elevated [CO2] levels, water availability through irrigation and nitrogen fertilizers have led to an increase in annual wheat production at 0.68, 0.24 and 0.31 Mt/yr, respectively, averaged over the time period 1980-2016. However, elevated temperatures have reduced the total wheat production at a rate of 0.37 Mt/yr during the study period. Overall, the [CO2], irrigation, fertilizers, and temperature forcings have led to 39 %, 15 %, 20 % and −16 % changes in countrywide production, respectively. The magnitudes of these factors spatially vary across the country thereby affecting production at regional scales. Results show that favourable growing season temperatures, moderate to high fertilizer application, high availability of irrigation facilities, and moderate water demand make the Indo-Gangetic plain the most productive region while the arid northwest region is the least productive due to high temperatures and lack of irrigation facilities to meet the high water demand.

scholarly journals Utilizing Pruning and Leaf Removal to Optimize Ripening of Vitis riparia-Based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ Wine Grapes in the Northern Great Plains

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Aipperspach ◽  
James Hammond ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Production Region

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three pruning levels (20, 30 and 40 nodes per vine) and three fruit-zone leaf removal levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on the yield and fruit quality of Frontenac gris and Marquette wine grapes in a northern production region. The study was conducted at three North Dakota vineyards located near Buffalo, Clifford, and Wahpeton, North Dakota, in 2011 and 2012. Increasing the number of buds retained increased yields and reduced pruning weights in both cultivars. Frontenac gris and Marquette yields were greatest when vines had 50% of the fruit-zone leaves removed due to heavier clusters, suggesting that the 100% fruit-zone leaf removal level was too severe. Individual berries in clusters were also heavier when vines were pruned to retain 40 buds. Frontenac gris fruit quality was similar both years and was not influenced by pruning or leaf removal levels. Marquette fruit total soluble solids content was greater in 2012 due to the warmer and longer growing season. Marquette fruit titratable acidity was lower when 100% of the fruit-zone leaves were removed. These results suggest that for the two cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes used in this study, greater bud retention levels should be investigated. Results also warrant further research into cultivar adaptiveness to northern Great Plains conditions. With further research, it is anticipated that wine grape cultivars and management practices will be identified to produce acceptable yields and fruit quality for commercial wine grape production.

scholarly journals Soil Quality and Water Redistribution Influences on Plant Production over Low Hillslopes on Reclaimed Mined Land

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Merrill ◽  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
John D. Hendrickson ◽  
Abbey F. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
Highly Correlated

Coal surface mining in northern Great Plains USA led to reclamation experiments with soil respreading. Respread soil depth (RSD) and runoff of water redistribution (WR) effects interacted in original North Dakota studies, complicating interpretations. We determined WR and soil depth/soil quality (SQ) effects on hillslope production patterns for sites with soil wedges (2%–5% slope, 50-m length) over sodic mine spoils. At Zap, cool-season forages crested wheatgrass (CWG: Agropyron cristatum) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) generally decreased as RSD increased upslope. At Stanton, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), native grasses (Bouteloua spp.), and CWG responded to RSD, increasing 70% to midslope and decreasing further. A SQ index (SQI) based on six indicator properties was highly correlated (r > 0.7) with RSD. Yield regressions with RSD or SQI were generally significant for Stanton forages and for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) at both sites. Yield regressions with WR index (catchment area-based) indicated dominance of WR effects at Zap. Cool-season forages at Zap evidently responded to springtime runoff, while Stanton forages and spring wheat at both sites used water later in the season and responded to soil depth/SQ effects. Results suggest models for interaction of SQ and landform WR affecting productivity should include plant community composition and water-use information.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elite Wheat Germ Plasm for Resistance to Tan Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Singh ◽  
M. Mergoum ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
T. B. Adhikari ◽  
E. M. Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a serious foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North America. Control of tan spot through management practices and fungicide application is possible; however, the use of resistant varieties is the most effective and economical means of controlling tan spot. This study was conducted to determine the disease reaction of 126 elite hard red spring, white, and durum wheat varieties and advanced breeding lines collected from the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada to individual races/toxins of P. tritici-repentis. Seedling evaluation of the 126 genotypes was done under controlled environmental conditions with virulent races 2, 3, and 5 of P. tritici-repentis and toxins Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB. Based on disease reactions, two resistant varieties and two advanced breeding lines adapted to the northern Great Plains were found to be resistant to all the races and insensitive to the toxins tested. Additionally, six genetically diverse lines/varieties were identified to be resistant to tan spot; however, these sources may not be well adapted to the northern Great Plains. These results suggest that the wheat germ plasm contains a broad genetic base for resistance to the most prevalent races of P. tritici-repentis in North America, and the resistant sources identified in this study may be utilized in wheat breeding programs to develop tan spot resistant varieties.

Emergence timing and control of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in spring wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Hacault ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

In the northern region of the northern Great Plains of North America, the relative abundance of dandelion in field crops has increased over the past two decades, and farmers need information to help them to better manage this species and slow its spread. A study was conducted to determine the emergence timing of dandelion from both rootstock and seed, and to investigate the efficacy of preseeding (spring) versus postharvest (autumn) herbicide treatments on dandelion in spring wheat fields. Emergence of dandelion plants from rootstock was very early (mean time to 50% emergence [E50] of 430 growing degree days [GDD] Tbase0 C), while seedling emergence was much later (mean E50of 980 GDD). Dandelion does not have a persistent seed bank, and seedling emergence occurred only after dandelion plants arising from rootstock flowered and shed seed. Herbicide treatments that included glyphosate plus florasulam, glyphosate plus tribenuron, or higher rates of glyphosate alone (≥675 g ae ha−1), provided high levels of dandelion control. Autumn herbicide applications were more effective than spring applications for reducing dandelion infestation levels (both aboveground biomass and density). Autumn herbicide applications came after peak emergence timing for dandelion plants emerging both from rootstock and from seed. Because dandelion is a simple perennial, population spread must be limited by controlling seedlings. Autumn herbicide applications provide control of dandelion seedlings and therefore, should limit dandelion population spread.

Revegetating Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)-Infested Rangeland with Native Tallgrasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Masters ◽  
Scott J. Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
No Till

Degradation of Great Plains rangelands can be linked to past management practices that reduced native species diversity and accelerated establishment and expansion of exotic weeds and less desirable native species. Leafy spurge is an exotic perennial weed that infests more than 1 million ha in the northern Great Plains and reduces rangeland carrying capacity by competing with desirable forages and causing infested areas to be undesirable to cattle and wildlife. Research was conducted to determine the feasibility of using herbicides to suppress leafy spurge and other resident vegetation, which facilitated planting and establishment of native tallgrasses. Four experiments were conducted where 0.28, 0.56, and 0.84 kg ai/ha imazapyr and 0.1 kg ai/ha sulfometuron were applied alone and in combination and 0.84 kg ai/ha glyphosate was applied to leafy spurge-infested range sites in fall 1991 near Ainsworth, NE, and in fall 1991, 1992, and 1993 near Ansley, NE. Research areas were burned about 200 d after herbicide application to reduce plant residue. Monoculture stands of big bluestem and switchgrass were then no-till planted in each experiment and indiangrass was no-till planted in experiments initiated at Ansley in 1992 and 1993. Yields of the planted grasses, leafy spurge, and other vegetation were measured in August at each location starting the year after planting. Imazapyr was an essential component of treatments applied before planting to facilitate establishment of highly productive stands of the tallgrasses. Generally, yields were maximized by fall treatments of 0.28 kg/ha imazapyr + 0.1 kg/ha sulfometuron for big bluestem, 0.84 kg/ha imazapyr for indiangrass, and 0.84 kg/ha imazapyr + 0.1 kg/ha sulfometuron for switchgrass. Yields of the planted grasses were frequently four times greater where these herbicides were applied compared to where glyphosate or no herbicide were applied. Leafy spurge yields were usually reduced in areas where tallgrass yields were greatest. The sequential combination of suppressing vegetation with fall-applied herbicides, burning standing dead plant residue, then no-till planting desirable native tallgrasses in the spring increased productivity of these leafy spurge-infested range sites.

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