scholarly journals Response of Blackberry Cultivars to Fertilizer Source during Establishment in an Organic Fresh Market Production System

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernandez-Salvador ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Certified Organic

Blackberry (Rubus ssp. Rubus) cultivars, three trailing types (Marion, Black Diamond, and Obsidian) and one semierect type (Triple Crown), were studied for their response to different types of fertilizer from 2011–12, at a certified organic, grower collaborator site located in Jefferson, OR. Plants were fertilized at a target rate of 50 lb/acre nitrogen (N) each spring using three different sources: 1) a liquid fish and molasses blend (4N–0P–1.7K); 2) pelletized soy (Glycine max) meal (8N–0.4P–1.7K); and 3) pelletized, processed poultry litter (4N–1.3P–2.5K). Plants were drip irrigated, and weeds were managed using a polypropylene, permeable landscape fabric (weed mat). Plant responses were greatly affected by cultivar, whereas the effects of fertilizer type were relatively minor. ‘Triple Crown’ produced the greatest yield in both years, whereas ‘Black Diamond’ and ‘Marion’ had the lowest yield in 2011 and 2012, respectively. ‘Triple Crown’ fruit had the highest percent soluble solids and were the least firm in 2011, whereas ‘Marion’ fruit were the least firm in 2012. Harvest date, within year, affected the fruit quality variables measured in all cultivars. Most soil nutrient levels were within the recommended range for all fertilizer treatments, except for boron (B), which declined to deficient levels in the second year. Fertilizer type had no effect on soil nutrient levels other than fertilization with the fish and molasses blend product increased soil potassium and sodium. Soil nutrient levels were affected by cultivar but varied by year for many nutrients. Primocane leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were above or within recommended standards for most nutrients, except for magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and B, which, depending on the cultivar, were below standards. Over the 2-year study, the blackberry cultivars responded similarly to the three types of organic fertilizer. However, the cost of N varied from $8.16/lb for the liquid fish and molasses blend, $5.35/lb for the pelletized soy meal, and $2.54/lb for the pelletized, processed poultry litter. Supplemental fertilization with B, Mg, and Ca would be required with each fertilizer studied to maintain recommended soil fertility levels.

Hydroponic Greenhouse Production of Fresh-market Basil in Colorado

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480f-481
Author(s):  
C. Elizabeth Succop ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Organic Produce

Fresh-market basil has become a viable greenhouse commodity in Colorado. Marketing pressures and profit advantages also encourage the production of certified organic produce. The research objectives were to determine the length of time basil plants were productive in the greenhouse and to compare the production of fresh-market basil grown with three root zone systems and two fertilizer treatments. The three systems were hydroponic rockwool slab culture, hydroponic perlite raised bed culture, and hydroponic peat/perlite/compost bag culture. The two types of hydroponic fertilizer treatments were a salt-based formulated nutrient solution and an organic solution consisting of fermented poultry compost, hydrolized fish emulsion, and soluble kelp. The plants were harvested once per week for fresh weight determination. The results from the two runs show greater productivity for the plants in the perlite system as well as the bag mix system when fertilized with the organic fertilizer compared to salt-based fertilizer. However, productivity of the plants in the rockwool system was greater with the salt-based treatment compared to the organic treatment.

Nutrient fluxes in litterfall and decomposition in four forests along a gradient of soil fertility in southern Ohio

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. J. Boerner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Fertility Gradient

To determine how soil nutrient availability influences nutrient cycling, fluxes of nutrients through litterfall and decomposition were determined for four forest stands similar in all respects except soil nutrient availability and microclimate, within Neotoma Valley, a small watershed in southern Ohio, U.S.A. Litterfall varied from 10 to 60% among sites while nutrient concentrations and masses in new leaf litter varied as a function of extractable soil nutrient levels. Mass loss from litterbags was significantly higher in more fertile sites. Stepwise regression indicated that initial litter nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were strongly correlated with relative decomposition rate while lignin concentration and microclimate variables were only correlated weakly. Thus, both litterfall nutrient transfers and decomposition rates were under the control of soil nutrient levels. Nitrogen was immobilized in litter at all sites during the 1st year of decay; litter from more fertile sites mineralized nitrogen during the 2nd year, while that from less fertile sites continued to immobilize nitrogen. Phosphorus and calcium mineralization rates were strongly correlated with the availability of these elements in the soil. Magnesium and potassium were leached rapidly from litter; amounts mineralized were correlated with amounts in litterfall. Interrelations among soil fertility, litterfall, and nutrient mineralization, as well as litter redistribution, are discussed as processes important in the development and maintenance of the soil fertility gradient in this watershed.

Nutrient status of sugar cane in relation to leaf nutrient concentration

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Levels

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements of sugar cane were studied in relation to the concentration of these elements in the leaf tissue of three varieties of sugar cane grown commercially in Fiji. Percentage yields of sugar cane in fertilizer field experiments were highly correlated with leaf nutrient levels in the control plots, provided leaf sampling was carried out during the maximum growth period of mid- January to mid-May. For each nutrient there was a marginal zone of leaf concentration below which crops always gave significant yield responses to applied nutrients and above which crops failed to respond. Marginal zones for crops sampled during mid-March to mid-May were 1.4-2.0 per cent for nitrogen, 0.13-0.21 per cent for phosphorus, and 0.9-1.5 per cent oven dry leaf for potassium. Within the deficient range of leaf nutrient concentrations there was little relationship between optimum rates of fertilizer required to correct the deficiency and leaf nutrient levels of unfertilized cane. Because of the lateness of sampling, any indication of fertilizer requirement would only be applicable to a subsequent ratoon crop.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POULTRY LITTER BIOCHAR ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CORN1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-925
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE DA SILVA MENDES ◽  
JOSELY DANTAS FERNANDES ◽  
LÚCIA HELENA GARÓFALO CHAVES ◽  
GILVANISE ALVES TITO ◽  
HUGO ORLANDO CARVALLO GUERRA
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Opposite Leaf ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Corn, one of the main grain crops in Brazil, needs to have its nutritional requirements fully satisfied to achieve high biological productivity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of increasing doses of poultry litter biochar on nutrient concentrations in the leaves of hybrid corn BRS 2022 and in the soil after harvest. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates, evaluating six doses of biochar (0; 2.02; 4.05; 6.07; 8.10 and 10.12 t ha-1) and the plots composed of one plant per pot with a volume of 20 dm3. The collection of leaves for leaf diagnosis was carried out at the time of flowering, removing the opposite leaf from the ear base in the middle third region. These leaves were dried in a forced air circulation oven, 65 °C, for a period of 48 hours, ground, sieved through 20 mesh and analyzed for the concentrations of macronutrients in the leaf tissue. At the end of the experiment, 83 days after corn sowing, soil samples were collected as a function of the treatments and then analyzed chemically. Biochar application promoted an increase in the leaf contents of N, P and K, resulting in improvements in the nutritional status of plants for these nutrients. The chemical characteristics of the soil, analyzed after the corn harvest, revealed that there was an influence of the doses of biochar on the levels of calcium, organic carbon, potassium and phosphorus.

scholarly journals Liquid Corn and Fish Fertilizers Are Good Options for Fertigation in Blackberry Cultivars Grown in an Organic Production System

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernandez-Salvador ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The impact of organic fertilizer source on the growth, fruit quality, and yield of blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) cultivars (Marion and Black Diamond) grown in a machine-harvested, organic production system for the processed market was evaluated from 2011 to 2013. The planting was established in Spring 2010 using approved practices for organic production and was certified in 2012. Plants were irrigated using a dripline under a woven polyethylene groundcover (weed mat) installed for weed management. Two sources of liquid fertilizer were evaluated: 1) a corn steep liquor and fish waste digestion blend (“corn”; 2.5N–1.1P–1.2K); and 2) a fish solubles and molasses blend (“fish”; 4N–0P–1.7K). Fertilizers were applied by fertigation through the drip system at rates of 56 kg·ha−1 nitrogen (N) per year in 2011–12 and 90 kg·ha−1 N in 2013. The impact of fertigation on drip system performance was evaluated with two maintenance options, “flushing” and “no flushing” of the driplines. Total yield differed among years, whereas fruit soluble solids concentration and firmness as well as floricane biomass at pruning showed a year × cultivar interaction. ‘Black Diamond’ had greater total yield and average fruit weight than ‘Marion’, but produced a greater proportion unmarketable fruit. There was no effect of fertilizer source on yield, fruit quality, primocane length, or primocanes/plant in any year with the exception of fruit weight, which was greater with corn than with fish. ‘Marion’ had a greater floricane biomass when fertilized with fish than with corn. Soil nutrients were within the recommended range, except for boron (B), which was below recommended levels. Only soil nitrate-N was affected by fertilizer source, which was greater in ‘Marion’ than in ‘Black Diamond’ when fertilized with fish. Primocane leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were within recommended levels for all nutrients, except for calcium (Ca) and B, which were below recommended standards in both cultivars. Primocane leaf potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were greater with fish than with corn. There was no fertilizer source or maintenance effect on emitter flow rate of the drip system in either year. However, flow rates decreased an average of 4.5% in the first year and 19% in the second year. Overall, there were no differences between the fertilizers on plant growth, yield, or fruit quality, and both fertilizers were suitable for planting establishment.

DERIVATION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF FILBERTS USING ORCHARD SURVEYS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. GRANT KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Tissue Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Important Measurement

Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations measured over 3 years in 17 filbert orchards showed consistent correlations between N/S, Cu/S, Zn/Cu, Ca/K, Mg/K and Mg/Ca. Optimum concentrations of 1.44% Ca, 0.27% Mg, 0.14% S, 8.8 ppm Cu, and 19.5 ppm Zn were calculated using regression equations of the various correlations and optimum values of N and K (2.2% N and 0.8% K) reported in the literature. Correlations between leaf and soil nutrient concentrations were observed but they were not consistent over the 2 years and all depths (0–15, 15–30, 30–60 cm) of soil samples taken. Average leaf weight measurements were sufficiently consistent within orchards to allow detection of orchard to orchard differences. Several nutrients appeared to affect or be affected by average leaf weight. Average leaf weights appear to have potential as a biologically important measurement but the significance has yet to be derived. Key words: Filberts, macronutrients, micronutrients, optimum leaf concentrations, leaf weights

scholarly journals Organic Fertilizer Comparison on Growth and Nutrient Content of Three Kale Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Yoder ◽  
Jessica G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
The Impact

Selecting supplemental nitrogen (N) fertilizer for use on certified organic farms can be difficult and confusing. There are many options commercially available to farmers with similar N concentrations but widely different ingredients. Experiments were conducted in a certified organic field and high tunnels near Fort Collins, CO in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the impact of organic fertilizers on yield and nutrient concentrations of three kale (Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus) cultivars. This study includes an organic fertilizer (cyano-fertilizer), which is produced on-farm by growing N-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica) in raceway ponds. The three fertilizer treatments were hydrolyzed fish emulsion, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) meal, and cyano-fertilizer. These were applied at rates calculated by subtracting soil nitrate concentration from a target 50 mg·kg−1 to the depth of 6 inches of soil. Cyano-fertilizer and hydrolyzed fish emulsion were applied in liquid form, while the alfalfa meal was incorporated dry into the soil before planting. Biweekly measurements of plant height were taken on three cultivars of kale: Dinosaur, Red Russian, and Winterbor. Leaf weight, leaf area, and N, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured during three to four monthly harvests each year. Organized in a split-plot experimental design, there were three treatment replications with subplots of different kale cultivars. Fertilizer treatment did not significantly affect plant height, leaf weight, leaf area, or plant N, Fe, and Zn concentrations. However, there were cultivar differences in plant height, leaf area, and yield. Kale cultivar choice had a larger impact on yield and plant nutrient concentrations than fertilizer choice, because fertilizers were applied at similar N rates.

Soil nutrient and plant responses to solarization in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Seman-Varner ◽  
R. McSorley ◽  
R.N. Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Crop Biomass

AbstractSoil solarization is used to manage nematodes, pathogens and weeds, but relatively few studies have examined solarization effects on soil mineral nutrients, soil properties and plant tissue nutrients. This study was designed to optimize the duration of solarization treatment for the management of soil and plant nutrients and crop biomass in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source. The experiment was a split-plot with treatment duration as the main effect and solarization as the sub-effect. Solarization treatments of 2-, 4- and 6-week durations began on sequential dates and concluded in mid-August. Immediately post-treatment, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) seedlings were transplanted into subplots for tissue nutrient analysis. Freshly chopped cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] hay was applied to the soil surface directly around the okra seedlings as an organic nutrient source. Immediately following solarization treatment, concentrations of soil K and Mn were higher, while Cu and Zn concentrations were lower in solarized soils than in non-solarized soils. Soil pH was slightly lower in solarized plots. Concentrations of K, N, Mg and Mn in okra leaf tissue were higher in solarized plots than in non-solarized plots, but concentrations of P and Zn were lower in plants grown in solarized soil. Okra biomass was three and four times higher in the 4- and 6-week solarization treatments than in non-solarized treatments. Based on data from this experiment, 4- and 6-week durations of solarization were optimal for increasing crop biomass. The data indicate that solarization has significant effects on soil and plant nutrients. Results of the nutrient analyses suggest that the availability of nutrients from an organic source was not limited by solarization.

scholarly journals Yield, quality and nutrient accumulation in watermelon as a function of organo-mineral fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Francisco Sales Oliveira Filho ◽  
Francisco Hevilásio Freire Pereira ◽  
Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽  
Joyce Emanuele Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Hélio Dantas Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Yield Quality

The study aimed to assess the yield, nutrients accumulation and fruit quality of watermelon grown under different NPK rates provided by mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Pombal-PB, during the period from June to September 2013. Treatments consisted of three nutrient concentrations N, P and K (50, 100 and 150% of NPK recommendation for watermelon) and five ratios of mineral and organic fertilizer (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25 / 75 to 0/100). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 3x5 factorial scheme with four replicates. The NPK rate corresponding to 100% was 120 kg ha-1 respectively for N, P and K. The following variables were evaluated: fruit yield, nutrient accumulation, titratable acidity, soluble solids and ratio between soluble solids and titratable acidity. The concentration of 150% of nutrients was more effective in increasing the yield for the 75/25, 25/75 and 0/100 ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers, and the concentrations of 100 and 150% were the most effective in the accumulation of soluble solids when applied in the mineral and organic fertilizer ratios of 75/25 and 50/50.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document