Soil nutrient and plant responses to solarization in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Seman-Varner ◽  
R. McSorley ◽  
R.N. Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Crop Biomass

AbstractSoil solarization is used to manage nematodes, pathogens and weeds, but relatively few studies have examined solarization effects on soil mineral nutrients, soil properties and plant tissue nutrients. This study was designed to optimize the duration of solarization treatment for the management of soil and plant nutrients and crop biomass in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source. The experiment was a split-plot with treatment duration as the main effect and solarization as the sub-effect. Solarization treatments of 2-, 4- and 6-week durations began on sequential dates and concluded in mid-August. Immediately post-treatment, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) seedlings were transplanted into subplots for tissue nutrient analysis. Freshly chopped cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] hay was applied to the soil surface directly around the okra seedlings as an organic nutrient source. Immediately following solarization treatment, concentrations of soil K and Mn were higher, while Cu and Zn concentrations were lower in solarized soils than in non-solarized soils. Soil pH was slightly lower in solarized plots. Concentrations of K, N, Mg and Mn in okra leaf tissue were higher in solarized plots than in non-solarized plots, but concentrations of P and Zn were lower in plants grown in solarized soil. Okra biomass was three and four times higher in the 4- and 6-week solarization treatments than in non-solarized treatments. Based on data from this experiment, 4- and 6-week durations of solarization were optimal for increasing crop biomass. The data indicate that solarization has significant effects on soil and plant nutrients. Results of the nutrient analyses suggest that the availability of nutrients from an organic source was not limited by solarization.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cultivar on the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis in Strawberries

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 824F-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie E. Ross* ◽  
Emily E. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Cultivar may cause variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization levels leading to differences in shoot growth and runner formation, and in pathogen control in strawberries. However, a clear consensus has not been reached regarding the degree to which cultivar affects the formation of the symbiosis or its functioning. The study was conducted on four commercial strawberry farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin to compare, within a farm, mycorrhizal colonization and plant response among three strawberry cultivars: `Winona', `Anapolis' and `Jewel'. At each farm, two 6 × 6 meter plots of each cultivar were randomly selected. On each of three sampling dates, 4 whole plants and soil samples were collected from these plots in the 2003 field season. Roots were separated from shoots and leaves, and fresh and dry weights were taken. Leaves and soil were dried, weighed, and submitted for nutrient analysis. Soil nutrient analyses include phosphorus (Bray P), potassium, pH, buffer pH and organic matter. Leaf tissue analyses include P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, AL Fe, MN Zn, Cu, B, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd. Roots were collected, frozen, and prepared for scoring using methods adapted from Koske and Gemma (1989). Presence of mycorrhizal colonization is being scored using the methods of McGongle et al. (1990). Levels of mycorrhizal colonization among different strawberry cultivars will be compared. We will also use biomass measurements, to determine mycorrhizal effects on plant growth among different cultivars. Soil and leaf analysis data will be used to determine effects of AMF on plant nutrition and compare effects among cultivars.

scholarly journals Response of Blackberry Cultivars to Fertilizer Source during Establishment in an Organic Fresh Market Production System

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernandez-Salvador ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Certified Organic

Blackberry (Rubus ssp. Rubus) cultivars, three trailing types (Marion, Black Diamond, and Obsidian) and one semierect type (Triple Crown), were studied for their response to different types of fertilizer from 2011–12, at a certified organic, grower collaborator site located in Jefferson, OR. Plants were fertilized at a target rate of 50 lb/acre nitrogen (N) each spring using three different sources: 1) a liquid fish and molasses blend (4N–0P–1.7K); 2) pelletized soy (Glycine max) meal (8N–0.4P–1.7K); and 3) pelletized, processed poultry litter (4N–1.3P–2.5K). Plants were drip irrigated, and weeds were managed using a polypropylene, permeable landscape fabric (weed mat). Plant responses were greatly affected by cultivar, whereas the effects of fertilizer type were relatively minor. ‘Triple Crown’ produced the greatest yield in both years, whereas ‘Black Diamond’ and ‘Marion’ had the lowest yield in 2011 and 2012, respectively. ‘Triple Crown’ fruit had the highest percent soluble solids and were the least firm in 2011, whereas ‘Marion’ fruit were the least firm in 2012. Harvest date, within year, affected the fruit quality variables measured in all cultivars. Most soil nutrient levels were within the recommended range for all fertilizer treatments, except for boron (B), which declined to deficient levels in the second year. Fertilizer type had no effect on soil nutrient levels other than fertilization with the fish and molasses blend product increased soil potassium and sodium. Soil nutrient levels were affected by cultivar but varied by year for many nutrients. Primocane leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were above or within recommended standards for most nutrients, except for magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and B, which, depending on the cultivar, were below standards. Over the 2-year study, the blackberry cultivars responded similarly to the three types of organic fertilizer. However, the cost of N varied from $8.16/lb for the liquid fish and molasses blend, $5.35/lb for the pelletized soy meal, and $2.54/lb for the pelletized, processed poultry litter. Supplemental fertilization with B, Mg, and Ca would be required with each fertilizer studied to maintain recommended soil fertility levels.

scholarly journals Use of Dry Dairy Manure Pellets as Nutrient Source for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) Growth in Soilless Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Liu ◽  
Julie Howe ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Troy Runge
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soilless Media

A sustainable dairy manure amendment for soilless crop growth systems was evaluated for its ability to provide nutrients and serve as a major component of the growing media. After manure liquid/solid separation, the solids stream containing organic N and P was pelletized and used as a nutrient source for cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) culture in soilless media. The pellets are low in moisture, odor, and pathogens, and they can be hauled at lower cost over longer distances and more easily stored than raw or composted manure. Manure pellet additions to soilless media were evaluated at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume. Manure pellets had a total N content of 3.7%. Fruit size, ripeness, and biomass, plant height, nutrients value in tissue/pellets/media, and time to complete growth cycle were analyzed. Overall, manure pellet treatments improved plant height and growth rate compared to the negative control, especially when pellets were 15% to 50% of the soilless media. This indicates that the nutrients in the manure were being mineralized, and plants were able to utilize the manure-based nutrients for growth. Leaf tissue nutrient analysis revealed that N, K, Zn, and Fe in leaf tissue were not at sufficiency levels at any level of manure pellet addition. Phosphorus and Cu reached sufficiency levels with 10% or greater manure pellet additions. Calcium, Mg, S, Mn, and B were sufficient in all plants, regardless of fertilizer or manure pellet treatment. Manure pellets demonstrate the potential to be used as a substrate and partial growth medium to reduce synthetic fertilizer use for more sustainable soilless container culture.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizers on Nutrient Content and Uptake of Aromatic Local Transplant Aman Rice Varieties in Acid Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Mousomi ◽  
Mohammad Noor Hossain Miah ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Imtiaz Miah
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

A pot experiment was conducted at the experimental net house of the Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh to observe the effect of fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake of local aromatic rice varieties during the Aman season of 2015. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five local aromatic rice varieties (Kalizira: V1, Muktasail: V2, Nagrasail: V3, Maloti: V4 and Chinigura: V5) and four packages of fertilizers (F1:  Recommended package i.e. 45-10-20-10-0.5 kg ha-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn, F2: 2/3rd of recommended package, F3: 1/3rd of recommended package, and F4: Control) were used. Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 were used as N, P, K, S and Zn source, respectively. According to the treatment, all fertilizers were applied as basal during final pot preparation while urea was applied in two equal splits (one half as basal and another half at 40 DAT). Nutrient content and uptake of the aromatic rice varieties were significantly affected by the application of different fertilizer packages (with few exceptions). Mostly Kalizira (1.10-0.44-2.31-0.67-13.75 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) and/or Nagrasail (1.15-0.46-2.70-0.62-11.74 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) varieties showed the highest nutrient uptake in grain and straw with recommended package of fertilizers. While in maximum cases Chinigura (0.41-0.16-0.76-0.197-3.17 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) was observed to have the lowest with control treatment. In case of post harvest soil nutrient analyses, Kalizira and/or Chinigura variety associated with recommended package of fertilizers showed the highest nutrient status.

scholarly journals Study Of Rubber Growth Under Constraint of Pyrite In Tidal Swampy Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlos Togi Stevanus ◽  
Umi Hidayati ◽  
Thomas Wijaya ◽  
Andi Nur Cahyo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Tidal Swamp

<p><em>Muara Sugihan is one of the tidal swamp areas for rubber plant cultivation in South Sumatera. A preliminary survey of the land suitability in 2012 described that there are two main problems, the shallow groundwater problem and low pH (2,87-3,05) between 40-100 depth that indicates the presence of pyrite layers. In the prior of planting, the water drainage has been done to maintain the water table. However, the water </em><em>drainage was excessive so that water </em><em>table reach 66 cm from soil surface hence </em><em>aerobic condition resulted in oxidation of </em><em>pyrite layer. The method used in this study </em><em>was</em><em> survey method </em><em>consist of</em><em> measur</em><em>ing</em><em> the girth of </em><em>2 years old </em><em>rubber plants and sampling of soil, leaves, and water </em><em>on</em><em> the trench and the river</em><em> which</em><em> indicated </em><em>the presence</em><em> </em><em>o</em><em>f pyrite layers </em><em>o</em><em>n tidal swam</em><em>p area,</em><em> Muara Sugihan. The </em><em>result showed that </em><em>the growth of the rubbe</em><em>r plants was</em><em> </em><em>inhibite</em><em>d</em><em>, where the</em><em> girth </em><em>was</em><em> 10 cm, while on </em><em>optimal </em><em>dry land </em><em>they</em><em> </em><em>normally </em><em>reached 18 cm. Leaf nutrient analysis showed there was deficient of P, K, and Zn, while on soil analysis showed a low P content. </em><em>T</em><em>he </em><em>pyrite was leach from the soil and </em><em>a</em><em>c</em><em>cu</em><em>m</em><em>ulat</em><em>e into water drainage will lead to </em><em>low pH of water. </em><em>This problem can be solved by water management improvement.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Toward Zero Hunger Through Coupled Ecological Sanitation-Agriculture Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ryals ◽  
Elena Bischak ◽  
Katherine K. Porterfield ◽  
Steven Heisey ◽  
Julie Jeliazovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Nutrient Resources

Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) systems capture and sanitize human excreta and generate organic nutrient resources that can support more sustainable nutrient management in agricultural ecosystems. An emerging EcoSan system that is implemented in Haiti and several other contexts globally couples container-based household toilets with aerobic, thermophilic composting. This closed loop sanitation system generates organic nutrient resources that can be used as part of an ecological approach to soil nutrient management and thus has the potential to contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 2 (zero hunger), 6 (clean water and sanitation for all), and 13 (climate change solutions). However, the role of organic nutrient resources derived from human excreta in food production is poorly studied. We conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing the impact of feces-derived compost on crop production, soil nutrient cycling, and nutrient losses with two amendments produced from wastewater treatment (pelletized biosolids and biofertilizer), urea, and an unfertilized control. Excreta-derived amendments increased crop yields 2.5 times more than urea, but had differing carry-over effects. After a one-time application of compost, crop production remained elevated throughout all six crop cycles. In contrast, the carry-over of crop response lasted two and four crop cycles for biosolids and biofertilizer, respectively, and was absent for urea. Soil carbon concentration in the compost amended soils increased linearly through time from 2.0 to 2.5%, an effect not seen with other treatments. Soil nitrous oxide emissions factors ranged from 0.3% (compost) to 4.6% (biosolids), while nitrogen leaching losses were lowest for biosolids and highest for urea. These results indicate that excreta-derived compost provides plant available nutrients, while improving soil health through the addition of soil organic carbon. It also improved biogeochemical functions, indicating the potential of excreta-derived compost to close nutrient loops if implemented at larger scales. If captured and safely treated through EcoSan, human feces produced in Haiti can meet up to 13, 22, and 11% of major crop needs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively.

Charge characteristics of soil in a lowland tropical moist forest in Panama in response to dry-season irrigation

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Yavitt ◽  
S. Joseph Wright
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Moist Forest

Although the hot, moist tropics in the Republic of Panama receive more than 2000 mm of rain per year, soils dry considerably during the 4-month dry season. We examined the effect of seasonal drought by irrigating two 2.25-ha plots of lowland tropical moist forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) for 5 consecutive dry seasons. Irrigation decreased soil permeability and improved soil nutrient status, which prompted this study of soil charge characteristics in the irrigated and control plots. Soil was an Alfisol, and thus it was not clear a prioriwhether variable-charge or permanent-charge components dominated. Surface soil (0–15 cm) had a pH(H2O) of 5.5 and pH(KCl) of 4.8. Subsurface soil (30–45 cm) had a pH(H2O) of 4.8 and a pH(KCl) of 3.5. The point of zero salt effect (PZSE), measured by titration, varied from 3.7 to 5.0 in surface soil and from 3.5 to 4.2 in subsurface soil. Variable charge of surface soil was 2.6 cmolc&sol;kg.pH unit after the dry season in April versus 3.2 cmolc&sol;kg.pH unit after the wet season in December in both control and dry-season irrigated plots, reflecting seasonal differences in pH and PZSE. The point of zero net charge (PZNC), measured by ion retention, was at pH &lt;2.0, indicating that permanent-charge components dominated the soil surface charge. Five years of dry-season irrigation resulted in pH(H2O) increasing by 0.6 units and pH(KCl) increasing by 0.2 units. As well, irrigation increased the amount of permanent charge and cation retention, leading to less sorption of phosphate and sulfate. The results have important ecological implications, showing mechanistically how wetter conditions affected soil surface charge leading to improved soil nutrient status. permanent charge, soil pH, tropical forest soil, variable charge, water regime.

scholarly journals Soil Changes and Tree Seedling Response Associated with Site Preparation in Northern Idaho

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Martin F. Jurgensen ◽  
Alan E. Harvey ◽  
Russell T. Graham ◽  
Jonalea R. Tonn
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Northern Idaho

Abstract Conifer regeneration in western North America is often hampered by low soil moisture, poor soil nutrient status, and competing vegetation. Three site preparation techniques were evaluated at two different elevations in northern Idaho as potential remedies for these problems: (1) soil mounds without control of competing vegetation, (2) soil mounds with herbicidal control of competing vegetation, and (3) scalping (removal of soil surface organic horizons and mineral topsoil). Treatments were evaluated for effects on soil nutrient levels, soil physical properties, and the growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) and western white pine (Pinus monticola) seedlings. Both species generally grew best when planted in the mounded treatment with competing vegetation removed and worst after scalping. Mounding with herbicide application resulted in the lowest bulk density, best seedling growth, and increased water availability. Mounding may be a viable site preparation method in the Inland Northwest on less productive sites that have severe competition. Scalping, especially when competition was not a problem, generally did not produce favorable seedling growth responses. Scalping may also reduce longer term seedling growth by removing surface organic matter. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):81-88.

Quality assurance for soil nutrient analysis: A case study

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1605-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Kennedy ◽  
A. P. Rowland ◽  
J. Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Analysis
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