Nutrient status of sugar cane in relation to leaf nutrient concentration

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Levels

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements of sugar cane were studied in relation to the concentration of these elements in the leaf tissue of three varieties of sugar cane grown commercially in Fiji. Percentage yields of sugar cane in fertilizer field experiments were highly correlated with leaf nutrient levels in the control plots, provided leaf sampling was carried out during the maximum growth period of mid- January to mid-May. For each nutrient there was a marginal zone of leaf concentration below which crops always gave significant yield responses to applied nutrients and above which crops failed to respond. Marginal zones for crops sampled during mid-March to mid-May were 1.4-2.0 per cent for nitrogen, 0.13-0.21 per cent for phosphorus, and 0.9-1.5 per cent oven dry leaf for potassium. Within the deficient range of leaf nutrient concentrations there was little relationship between optimum rates of fertilizer required to correct the deficiency and leaf nutrient levels of unfertilized cane. Because of the lateness of sampling, any indication of fertilizer requirement would only be applicable to a subsequent ratoon crop.

scholarly journals High Soil Moisture and Low Soil Temperature Are Associated with Chlorosis Occurrence in Concord Grape

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan R. Davenport ◽  
Robert G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Concord Grape

Leaf yellowing (chlorosis) is not unique to Concord grape, yet occurs with great intensity in the arid, irrigated central Washington state growing region. Past research on nutrients has not shown a clear cause and effect relationship between soil and/or plant nutrient status and chlorosis. We investigated both nutritional and climatic conditions for their association with chlorosis occurrence. Six vineyard sites were selected, 2 each with no history of chlorosis (achlorotic), occasional chlorosis, and annually reoccuring chlorosis (chronically chlorotic) and monitoring sites in chlorotic and achlorotic areas were established. Nutrient elements K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu plus the nonnutrient elements Na and Al were monitored in soil (surface, 0 to 30 cm, and subsurface, 30 to 75 cm, depths) and leaf tissue (both petioles and blades) prebud burst (soil only), at bloom, and preveraison at 650 degree days at all vineyard sites for the 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 growing seasons. In addition, both soil temperature and moisture were monitored. To evaluate the intensity of chlorosis at each site, chlorotic vines were GPS marked and mapped post-bloom each year. Overall, chlorosis incidence was more widespread in 2001 and 2003 than in 2002 or 2004. There were few relationships with soil or tissue nutrient concentrations. However, soil moisture was consistently higher and soil temperature lower in the period between bud burst and bloom in the chlorotic sites. This suggests that a cold, wet soil environment prior to bloom impedes grape root growth and/or function and triggers plant chlorosis. Yearly differences strongly support this finding.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Supply on Growth and Nutrient Status of Containerized Crape Myrtle

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
Diana R. Devereaux
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Leaf N Concentration

Abstract Containerized crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei ‘Tonto’) plants were grown over a 9-month period using complete nutrient solutions, except during overwintering, that differed in N concentration: 15, 30, 60, 120, 210, and 300 mg/liter. Plant shoot biomass, leaf area and canopy diameter increased with applied N concentrations ([N]a) up to 60 mg/liter, but higher levels caused significant depressions in all these parameters. Root biomass and plant height were depressed linearly with increases in [N]a. Regardless of final plant biomass, increases in [N]a significantly favored shoot over root growth, with ratios increasing from 1.9 to 5.4 for 15 to 300 mg/liter, respectively. Soluble salts in the medium, monitored via leachates, increased with N supply and were identified as a key factor involved in the yield reductions observed at the higher [N]a. Leaf N concentration increased with N supply, stabilizing at [N]a above 120 mg/liter; concentrations of 2.6–2.7% were associated with maximum growth. Calcium and iron concentrations in tissue followed the same response pattern as N, but sulfur (S) decreased significantly in an opposite pattern. Other nutrients did not respond to [N]a. Leaf tissue N:S ratios were more closely correlated with plant growth that either N or S alone, with maximum growth observed at a ratio of approximately 6:1. Higher N:S ratios produced sharp yield depressions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FERTILITY PRACTICES FOR VIDALIA ONIONS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 885e-886
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
Reid L. Torrance ◽  
Ronald H. Blackley ◽  
M. Jefferson Cook ◽  
C. Randell Hill
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Levels

Fertilizer rates of N, P, K were evaluated over 4 years (2000–03) as were different sources of experimental and commercial fertilizers. The highest total yields and yields of jumbos (≥7.6 cm) occurred with nitrogen rates of 140–168 kg·ha–1. Neither phosphorus nor potassium rates had an affect on total yield. Phosphorus rates of 0-147 kg·ha–1 and potassium rates of 0–177 kg·ha–1 were evaluated. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer resulted in increasing leaf tissue nitrogen, but did not affect P, K, Ca, or S. Increasing phosphorus fertilizer increased leaf tissue phosphorus only slightly (p = 0.060) with no affect on other leaf nutrient levels. Increasing potassium fertilizer did affect leaf tissue potassium 2 out of 4 years with none of the other leaf nutrient levels affected. Several fertilizers were also evaluated including an experimental fortified peat (10%N), calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, 5–10–15 (56 kg·ha–1 N), 18-6-8 liquid, 14–0–12 8%S liquid, 19–8–19 slow-release at rates of 140 and 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen. All were used to supply 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen unless noted otherwise. P and K were supplied according to soil test recommendations unless they were part of the fertilizer formulation. There were no differences between the different fertilizer sources for total yield and differences in jumbo yields only occurred one year out of three years of testing and for medium (≥5.1 and <7.6 cm) yields there were differences two years out of three years of testing.

scholarly journals Uptake and Partitioning of Nutrients in Blackberry and Raspberry and Evaluating Plant Nutrient Status for Accurate Assessment of Fertilizer Requirements

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts

Raspberry and blackberry (Rubus sp.) plantings have a relatively low nutrient requirement compared with many other perennial fruit crops. Knowledge of annual accumulation of nutrients and periods of rapid uptake allows for better management of fertilization programs. Annual total nitrogen (N) accumulation in the aboveground plant ranged from 62 to 110 and 33 to 39 lb/acre in field-grown red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and blackberry (Rubus ssp. rubus), respectively. Research on the fate of applied 15N (a naturally occurring istope of N) has shown that primocanes rely primarily on fertilizer N for growth, whereas floricane growth is highly dependent on stored N in the over-wintering primocanes, crown, and roots; from 30% to 40% of stored N was allocated to new growth. Plants receiving higher rates of N fertilizer took up more N, often leading to higher N concentrations in the tissues, including the fruit. Reallocation of N from senescing floricanes and primocane leaves to canes, crown, and roots has been documented. Accumulation of other macro- and micronutrients in plant parts usually preceded growth. Primocanes generally contained the highest concentration of most nutrients during the growing season, except calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), which often were more concentrated in roots. Roots typically contained the highest concentration of all nutrients during winter dormancy. Nutrient partitioning varied considerably among elements due to different nutrient concentrations and requirements in each raspberry and blackberry plant part. This difference not only affected the proportion of each nutrient allocated to plant parts, but also the relative amount of each nutrient lost or removed during harvest, leaf senescence, and pruning. Macro- and micronutrient concentrations are similar for raspberry and blackberry fruit, resulting in a similar quantity of nutrient removed with each ton of fruit at harvest; however, yield may differ among cultivars and production systems. Nutrient removal in harvested red raspberry and blackberry fruit ranged from 11 to 18 lb/acre N, 10 to 19 lb/acre potassium (K), 2 to 4 lb/acre phosphorus (P), 1 to 2 lb/acre Ca, and 1 to 4 lb/acre magnesium (Mg). Pruning senescing floricanes in August led to greater plant nutrient losses than pruning in autumn. Primocane leaf nutrient status is often used in nutrient management programs. Leaf nutrient concentrations differ with primocane leaf sampling time and cultivar. In Oregon, the present recommended sampling time of late July to early August is acceptable for floricane-fruiting raspberry and blackberry types, and primocane-fruiting raspberry, but not for primocane-fruiting blackberry, where sampling leaves on primocane branches during the green fruit stage is recommended. Presently published leaf tissue standards appear to be too high for K in primocane-fruiting raspberry and blackberry, which is not surprising since the primocanes are producing fruit at the time of sampling and fruit contain a substantial amount of K.

scholarly journals Response of Blackberry Cultivars to Fertilizer Source during Establishment in an Organic Fresh Market Production System

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernandez-Salvador ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
David R. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Certified Organic

Blackberry (Rubus ssp. Rubus) cultivars, three trailing types (Marion, Black Diamond, and Obsidian) and one semierect type (Triple Crown), were studied for their response to different types of fertilizer from 2011–12, at a certified organic, grower collaborator site located in Jefferson, OR. Plants were fertilized at a target rate of 50 lb/acre nitrogen (N) each spring using three different sources: 1) a liquid fish and molasses blend (4N–0P–1.7K); 2) pelletized soy (Glycine max) meal (8N–0.4P–1.7K); and 3) pelletized, processed poultry litter (4N–1.3P–2.5K). Plants were drip irrigated, and weeds were managed using a polypropylene, permeable landscape fabric (weed mat). Plant responses were greatly affected by cultivar, whereas the effects of fertilizer type were relatively minor. ‘Triple Crown’ produced the greatest yield in both years, whereas ‘Black Diamond’ and ‘Marion’ had the lowest yield in 2011 and 2012, respectively. ‘Triple Crown’ fruit had the highest percent soluble solids and were the least firm in 2011, whereas ‘Marion’ fruit were the least firm in 2012. Harvest date, within year, affected the fruit quality variables measured in all cultivars. Most soil nutrient levels were within the recommended range for all fertilizer treatments, except for boron (B), which declined to deficient levels in the second year. Fertilizer type had no effect on soil nutrient levels other than fertilization with the fish and molasses blend product increased soil potassium and sodium. Soil nutrient levels were affected by cultivar but varied by year for many nutrients. Primocane leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were above or within recommended standards for most nutrients, except for magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and B, which, depending on the cultivar, were below standards. Over the 2-year study, the blackberry cultivars responded similarly to the three types of organic fertilizer. However, the cost of N varied from $8.16/lb for the liquid fish and molasses blend, $5.35/lb for the pelletized soy meal, and $2.54/lb for the pelletized, processed poultry litter. Supplemental fertilization with B, Mg, and Ca would be required with each fertilizer studied to maintain recommended soil fertility levels.

scholarly journals A New Curve of Critical Leaf Potassium Concentration Based on the Maximum Root Dry Matter for Diagnosing Potassium Nutritional Status of Sweet Potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zunfu Lv ◽  
Guoquan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
K Concentration

Critical leaf nutrient concentrations have often been used to diagnose the nutritional status of crops. Determining critical leaf potassium (K) concentrations for the maximum root dry matter (RDM) will provide a reliable means of linking leaf K nutrient concentrations to the yield of sweet potato. Three field experiments, using varying K application rates (0–300 kg K ha−1) and two sweet potato cultivars, were performed in the Zhejiang Province of China. A new critical leaf K curve (Kleaf) based on the maximum RDM was determined to assess K nutrition in sweet potato and described by the equation Kleaf=4.55×RDMmax-0.075. A critical root K curve (Kroot) based on the maximum RDM was also determined to assess K nutrition and described by the equation Kroot=2.36×RDMmax-0.087. The K nutrition index (KNI) was constructed to identify the situations of K-limiting and non-K-limiting treatments. The leaf KNI (KNIleaf) ranged from 0.56 to 1.17, and the root K KNI (KNIroot) ranged from 0.52 to 1.35 during the growth period of sweet potato. The results showed that the critical leaf K concentration curve can be used as an accurate leaf K status diagnostic tool at critical growth stages that connected leaf nutrient concentration and sweet potato tuber yield. This K curve will contribute to K management of sweet potato during its growth period in China.

Diatom- and Chironomid-Inferred Eutrophication of Bouchie Lake, British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus L. Heinrichs ◽  
Brian F. Cumming ◽  
Kathleen R. Laird ◽  
J. Sanford Hart
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Historical Land Use

Abstract Diatom and chironomid analysis of sediments encompassing the past 400 years from Bouchie Lake, British Columbia, suggests two distinct periods of limnological conditions. Prior to 1950 AD, Fragilaria construens and F. pinnata are the most common diatom species, and Chironomus, Procladius and Tanytarsini dominate the chironomid record. Moderately low nutrient concentrations consistent with oligo-mesotrophic lakes are inferred. From 1950, the diatom assemblage is dominated by Stephanodiscus parvus, a eutrophic indicator, whereas the chironomid communities show a relative increase in littoral taxa coincident with lower head capsule abundance. Higher nutrient levels, specifically total phosphorus, which increased from 8 µg L-1 prior to 1950 to 20 µg L-1 currently, are coincident with midge communities indicative of lower oxygen concentrations. Observed biotic changes and nutrient levels inferred from the sediment core correspond to historical land-use changes.

Inter-row Cultivation Timing Effects on Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Control and Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Nathan H. Haugrud ◽  
Thomas J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract The invasion of waterhemp into northern sugarbeet growing regions has prompted producers to re-integrate inter-row cultivation into weed management programs as no currently registered herbicides can control glyphosate-resistant waterhemp POST in crop. Inter-row cultivation was a common weed control practice in sugarbeet until the release of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet cultivars in 2008 made the use of inter-row cultivation unnecessary. In the late 2010s, producers began again to use inter-row cultivation to remove weeds that glyphosate did not control, but producers need information on the effectiveness and safety of inter-row cultivation when used with soil residual herbicide programs. Efficacy and tolerance field experiments were conducted in Minnesota and North Dakota from 2017 to 2019. Results from the efficacy experiment demonstrated cultivation improved waterhemp control 11% and 12%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Waterhemp response to cultivation was dependent on crop canopy and precipitation after cultivation. Cultivation had minimal effect on waterhemp density in three environments, but at one environment, near Galchutt, ND in 2019, waterhemp density increased 600% and 196%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Climate data indicated Galchutt, ND in 2019 received 105 mm of precipitation in the 14 days following cultivation and had an open crop canopy which likely contributed to further weed emergence. Results from the tolerance experiment demonstrated root yield and recoverable sucrose were not affected by cultivation timing or number of cultivations. In one environment, cultivating reduced sucrose content by 0.8% regardless of date or cultivation number, but no differences were found in three environments. In-season cultivation can damage/destroy leaf tissue which is likely responsible for the reduction in sucrose content. Results indicate cultivation can be a valuable tool to control weeds that herbicide cannot, but excessive rainfall and open crop canopy following cultivation can create an environment conducive to further weed emergence.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Content in Leaves of Wheat as Influenced by Inorganic, Organic and Integrated Sources of Nutrient Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Megha Vishwakarma ◽  
P. S. Kulhare ◽  
G. S. Tagore
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Spad Value

Field experiments were conducted during winter season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 with three sources of nutrient  viz., inorganic, organics (FYM, VC and biofertilizers) and their integration as main treatments and five levels [S1-0 (0-0-0 kg NPK ha-1), S2-100% (120-60-40 kg NPK ha-1), S3-150% (180-90-60 kg NPK ha-1), S4-200% (240-120-80 kg NPK ha-1) and S5-Soil Test based (STV) NPK i.e. 149-176-33 kg ha-1 in split plot design with three replications. The chlorophyll content (‘a’, ‘b’ and total) in leaves and Soil Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) value were recorded at crown root initiation (CRI), tillering, jointing and milking stage of wheat. The pooled data of findings revealed that the treatment with inorganic sources showed significant increase in the SPAD readings (9.62, 15.54, 23.77 and 29.83), chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.76, 0.83, 1.47 and 0.63 mg g-1 leaf tissue), ‘b’ (0.44, 0.78, 0.87 and 0.57 mg g-1 leaf tissue) and total (1.19, 1.64, 2.25 and 1.14 mg g-1 leaf tissue) chlorophyll content in leaves over organic source at all the growth stages. All the levels of nutrient were significantly increased the chlorophyll content and SPAD value over control at all the stages except chlorophyll ‘a’ at jointing and milking stage. However, amongst the levels 150% and 200% NPK were found significantly superior to 100% NPK for SPAD value (8.32 and 8.71 at CRI and 12.56 and 12.19 at tillering), chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.73 and 0.70 mg g-1 leaf tissue at CRI), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.46 and 0.45 mg g-1 leaf tissue at CRI, 0.68 and 0.71 mg g-1 leaf tissue at tillering and 0.53 and 0.59 mg g-1 leaf tissue at milking), respectively. The interaction results suggested that the 200% NPK with inorganic and integrated sources significantly superior to 100% NPK for chlorophyll ‘a’ content at jointing and milking stage. The application of 150% and 200% NPK with inorganic source were found significantly higher over the same level of NPK with integrated source of nutrient for total chlorophyll content and SPAD value at all the growth stages except 150% NPK for total chlorophyll at jointing and milking stage and SPAD value at milking stage. The correlation between SPAD value and chlorophyll ’a’, ‘b’, total were found significantly and positively at all growth stages. Coefficient of determination values between SPAD and chlorophyll content showed linear relationship at all the growth stages.

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