scholarly journals Hardwood Cutting Propagation of Confederate Rose Using Auxin and Wounding Treatments

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-478
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Hardwood Cutting ◽  
High Humidity Environment

Confederate rose (Hibiscus mutabilis), a native of southeastern China, is an old-fashioned, ornamental plant often found in older gardens in the southern United States. Current breeding programs aim at developing selections with improved garden performance, thus providing new cultivars for nursery production. Hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) zones 7 to 9, plants grow as large shrubs or small trees in warmer areas, but generally die back to a woody base or short trunk in colder areas of their range. Stems from the past growing season that remain on plants during the winter in the warmer regions may be used to prepare hardwood stem cuttings. The current study examined hardwood cutting propagation of confederate rose in response to a 1-second basal quick-dip in auxin [1000 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 3000 ppm IBA, 1000 ppm IBA + 500 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 3000 ppm IBA + 1500 ppm NAA] and a basal wound (along with 1000 ppm IBA only). Cuttings were rooted in a warm, high-humidity environment within a greenhouse. Auxin treatments improved overall rooting percentage and total root length, with 1000 ppm IBA (without and with a basal wound) providing the highest rooting percentages (about 70%) and nontreated cuttings the lowest (44%). A significant increase in total root length on rooted cuttings resulted with the use of 3000 ppm IBA (211 cm) and use of a basal wound plus 1000 ppm IBA (193 cm) compared with nontreated cuttings (87 cm). Auxin and wounding treatments did not have any significant inhibitory effects on budbreak and growth of new shoots on rooted cuttings.

scholarly journals Winter Stem Cutting Propagation of ‘Dwarf Burford’ Holly without Use of a Conventional Auxin Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
High Humidity Environment

‘Dwarf Burford’ holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burford’) is a significant nursery crop and is widely used in landscapes in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 7 to 9. Stem cuttings can be rooted at multiple times during the year, provided cutting wood is sufficiently mature, with auxin treatments traditionally used to encourage rooting. This study was conducted to determine if auxin treatment could be eliminated, thus reducing labor and chemical requirements in the cutting propagation process. In three experiments, terminal stem cuttings of ‘Dwarf Burford’ holly were taken in winter, prepared with and without use of a basal quick-dip in an auxin solution, and rooted in a warm, high-humidity environment. Rooting percentages for nontreated cuttings and cuttings treated with 2500 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 1250 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were similar, while treatment of cuttings with 5000 ppm IBA + 2500 ppm NAA resulted in a decrease in rooting percentage. The number of primary roots and total root length were similar among the three treatments, except in one experiment where total root length was greater with auxin-treated cuttings than with nontreated cuttings. Initial shoot growth responses were variable among the three experiments. The treatment of cuttings with auxin was not required for successful rooting and can be eliminated from the process for winter stem cutting propagation of ‘Dwarf Burford’ holly.

scholarly journals Winter Stem Cutting Propagation of Heller’s Japanese Holly with and without Use of a Conventional Auxin Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
High Humidity Environment

Heller’s japanese holly [Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’ (synonym: Ilex crenata f. helleri)] is a popular landscape plant in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 5b to 8a because of its dwarf habit, slow growth rate, and dark green leaves. Plants can be propagated readily by stem cuttings and use of an auxin treatment is generally recommended to promote rooting. This study was conducted to determine if auxin treatment could be eliminated, thus reducing labor and chemical requirements in the cutting propagation process. In three experiments, terminal stem cuttings of Heller’s japanese holly were taken in winter, prepared both with and without use of a basal quick-dip in an auxin solution [2500 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 1250 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], and rooted in a warm, high-humidity environment. Both nontreated cuttings and cuttings receiving a 1-second basal quick-dip in the auxin solution rooted at, or near, 100%. However, treatment of cuttings with auxin resulted in larger root systems on the rooted cuttings, which could allow earlier transplanting into larger nursery containers. No inhibition of new spring growth was exhibited by cuttings treated with auxin in comparison with nontreated cuttings.

scholarly journals Comparing Vegetative Propagation of Two ‘Schipkaensis’ Common Cherrylaurel Ploidy Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Justin A. Schulze ◽  
Ryan N. Contreras ◽  
Carolyn F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Nursery Production

‘Schipkaensis’ common cherrylaurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is an important nursery crop across the United States. In our breeding efforts to reduce shot-hole symptoms and weediness, we have created chromosome doubled forms of this cultivar. Vegetative propagation is an important factor in nursery production, and we have found no studies that have looked at comparative adventitious rooting of stem cuttings using induced polyploids. The objective of this research was to determine if rooting ability varied between these two ploidy levels. Semihardwood stem cuttings from wild-type (22x) and polyploid (44x) ploidy levels were taken at the end of July 2015 and the beginning of July 2016. Cuttings were dipped in 1030 ppm (0.10%) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 660 ppm (0.066%) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) before being set in rooting substrate. After 1 month, cuttings were removed from substrate and data collected. Data included; rooting percentage, root number per rooted cutting, average root length, and total root length. In 2015, 88% of the cuttings from the 44x plants and 63% of the cuttings from the 22x plants rooted. In 2016, 100% of cuttings from both ploidy levels rooted. In both years, average root length and total root length were similar between ploidy levels; however, cuttings from 22x plants generally had more roots than those from 44x. Chromosome-doubled ‘Schipkaensis’ common cherrylaurel rooted effectively, and produce transplantable cuttings similar to the standard ploidy.

scholarly journals Growth Stage, Auxin Type, and Concentration Influence Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Rosier ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Farrell C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Percent Mortality

Seven concentrations of IBA and seven concentrations of NAA plus a nonauxin control were tested over three growth stages to determine their effectiveness in promoting adventitious root formation on stem cuttings taken from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.]. Cuttings were prepared in March (hardwood), June (softwood), or November (semi-hardwood) 2001, treated with auxin concentrations ranging from 0 to 64 mm, and placed under mist. Rooting percentage, percent mortality, number of primary roots, total root length, root system symmetry, and root angle were recorded after 16 weeks. Growth stage and auxin concentration significantly affected every rooting trait except root angle. NAA significantly increased the number of primary roots and total root length. However, auxin type did not significantly affect rooting percentage or percent mortality. The highest rooting percentages (99%) occurred when softwood cuttings were treated with 5 mm auxin, however, semi-hardwood cuttings also rooted at high percentages (90%) and had no mortality when treated with 14 mm auxin. Regardless of auxin type, the number of primary roots and total root length varied in similar patterns across concentration, although, NAA tended to induce a greater response. To root Fraser fir stem cuttings collected from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants, it is recommended that a concentration of 5 mm NAA should be used on softwood cuttings and 14 mm IBA on semi-hardwood cuttings. Chemical names used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Growth Stage, Auxin Type, and Concentration Influence Rooting of Virginia Pine Stem Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Rosier ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Farrell C. Wise ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Percent Mortality

Seven concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), seven concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and a nonauxin control were tested over three growth stages to determine their ability to promote adventitious rooting of stem cuttings from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants of virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.). Cuttings were harvested September 2000 (semi-hardwood), February 2001 (hardwood), June 2001 (softwood), and October 2001 (semi-hardwood), treated with auxin concentrations ranging from 0 to 64 mm and placed under intermittent mist in a greenhouse. Rooting percentage, percent mortality, number of primary roots, total root length, root symmetry, root angle, and root diameter were assessed following 16 weeks. Growth stage affected every rooting trait measured except root symmetry and diameter. Auxin type affected total root length and root diameter, while auxin concentration affected every rooting trait except root angle. The highest predicted rooting percentages (46%) occurred when semi-hardwood cuttings were collected in September 2000 and treated with 7 mm auxin. Cuttings collected within the same growing season (2001) exhibited the highest predicted rooting percentage (33%) when softwood cuttings were treated with 6 mm auxin. Semi-hardwood cuttings rooted in 2001 produced the greatest number of roots and root lengths. Root diameter was significantly greater when NAA rather than IBA was applied, especially at higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Rooting of Rose Cuttings in Response to Foliar Applications of Auxin and Surfactant

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Negative Effects

In five experiments, singlenode cuttings of `Red Cascade' miniature rose (Rosa) were treated with a basal quick-dip (prior to insertion into the rooting substrate) or sprayed to the drip point with a single foliar application (after insertion) of Dip `N Grow [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], the potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA), or the potassium salt of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (K-NAA); a single foliar spray application of Dip `N Grow with and without Kinetic surfactant; or multiple foliar spray applications of Dip `N Grow. Spray treatments were compared with their respective basal quick-dip controls {4920.4 μm [1000 mg·L-1 (ppm)] IBA + 2685.2 μm (500 mg·L-1) NAA, 4144.2 μm (1000 mg·L-1) K-IBA, or 4458.3 μm (1000 mg·L-1) K-NAA}. Cuttings sprayed with 0 to 246.0 μm (50 mg·L-1) IBA + 134.3 μm (25 mg·L-1) NAA, 0 to 207.2 μm (50 mg·L-1) K-IBA, or 0 to 222.9 μm (50 mg·L-1) K-NAA resulted in rooting percentages, total root length, percent rooted cuttings with shoots, and shoot length similar to or less than control cuttings. Exceptions were cuttings sprayed with 0 to 2.23 μm(0.5 mg·L-1) K-NAA, which exhibited shoot length greater than the control cuttings. Addition of 1.0 mL·L-1 (1000 ppm) Kinetic organosilicone surfactant to spray treatments resulted in greater total root length and shoot length. Repeated sprays (daily up to seven consecutive days) had no or negative effects on root and shoot development.

Correlation between early root production, carbohydrate metabolism, and subsequent biomass production in hybrid poplar

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2168-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Tschaplinski ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

The relationship between the rooting patterns of five poplar hybrids and stem carbohydrate dynamics was investigated to determine if the availability or metabolism of carbohydrates was limiting early root production of cuttings. Differences in early root production (i.e., number, length, and dry weight) after 17 days paralleled the subsequent differences in accumulation of aboveground biomass that were observed when two Populus balsamifera L. × deltoides Bartr. (Jackii 4 and Jackii 7) and three Populus deltoides Bartr. × nigra L. (DN 2, DN 22, and DN 15) hybrids were compared. Total root length and dry weight of Jackii 4 was four times that of Jackii 7. Both DN 2 and DN 22 had a total root length twice that of DN 15. Rooting characteristics may be useful criteria for selection of productive clones. Carbohydrate analysis of stem cuttings suggested that hybrids differing in biomass production displayed different patterns of carbohydrate utilization. The concentrations of glucose and myoinositol declined more in faster growing hybrids (Jackii 4, DN 2, DN 22) than in slower growing hybrids (Jackii 7, DN 15). The results suggest that faster growing hybrids consume monosaccharides in growth processes, whereas the slower growing hybrids convert monosaccharides into alternative storage forms and use less in growth processes. The initial myoinositol concentration in stem cuttings of poplar hybrids was correlated (r2 = 0.95) with root dry weight produced after 17 days, but the initial starch concentration was unrelated to later root biomass production. The results suggest that initial myoinositol concentration in cuttings may be used in early selection for rooting performance.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Auxin for Rooting Stem Cuttings of Selected Ornamental Crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Application Methods

Abstract Research was conducted to determine whether a foliar spray application of the commercial root-promoting formulation Dip 'N Grow® [10,000 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 5,000 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid] or the potassium (K) salt of IBA (K-IBA) would be as effective as a basal quick-dip for rooting stem cuttings of selected ornamentals. Cuttings of Chrysanthemum pacficum sprayed with Dip 'N Grow® at 50 + 25 ppm IBA + NAA or K-IBA at 0 to 50 ppm showed generally similar root development measures compared to a basal quick-dip; an exception was 10 ppm K-IBA which produced greater total root length. Cuttings of Forsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Gold’ typically did not differ in root development under the two application methods, but cuttings sprayed with Dip 'N Grow® at 0 + 0 to 10 + 5 ppm IBA + NAA exhibited greater shoot growth 80 days after sticking (insertion into the rooting substrate) than cuttings receiving a basal quick-dip. Root and shoot development measures were similar or lower for cuttings of Abelia x grandiflora, Hydrangea paniculata, and Lagerstroemia (indica x fauriei) ‘Natchez’ sprayed with auxin compared to a basal quick-dip.

scholarly journals Propagation of Iranian Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) by Rooted Stem Cuttings

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Hamid HASSANPOUR ◽  
Mohamad ALI SHIRI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Nursery Production

Clonal propagation of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) from cuttings will permit nursery production of cloned Cornelian cherry and encourage selection of superior genotypes. The effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations, five genotypes and two types of media on root performance of Cornelian cherry cuttings were investigated. The percentage of rooted cuttings, mean root length, average root number per cutting, root fresh weight and root dry weight were recorded after three months. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of the auxin treatments. Regression analysis for determination of appropriate equation was performed. The IBA treatment increased the rooting percentage in genotype C1, C3 and C4 but did not affect that of genotype C2 and C5. The maximum rooting percentage, mean root length, average root number per cutting, root fresh weight and root dry weight was obtained for C3 genotype and in sand media. No statistically significant correlation was observed between callusing and other measured parameters but the rest of parameters correlate statistically with rooting. According to the regression results, it was clear that the pattern of quadratic function was better than other models for rooting. The highest rooting percentage was obtained from C3 genotype. Therefore, clonal production of this genotype is practical.

scholarly journals Auxin Application to Stem Cuttings of Selected Woody Landscape Plants by Incorporation Into a Stabilized Organic Rooting Substrate

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Polymer Binder ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria

Abstract Stem cuttings of Buxus sinica var. insularis ‘Wintergreen’, Elaeagnus x ebbingei, Ficus benjamina, Gardenia augusta ‘Radicans’, Ilex glabra ‘Nigra’, Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’, Juniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’, Ternstroemia gymnanthera, and Trachelospermum asiaticum were inserted into a stabilized organic rooting substrate (plugs comprised of peat and a polymer binder) that had been soaked in water, aqueous solutions of K-IBA (15 to 75 ppm), or K-IBA + K-NAA (15 ppm + 7.5 ppm to 60 ppm + 30 ppm). Rooting and initial shoot growth responses were compared with cuttings receiving a basal quick-dip in K-IBA (1000 ppm) or K-IBA + K-NAA (1000 ppm + 500 ppm). Rooting percentage, number of roots per rooted cutting, and total root length per rooted cutting for cuttings rooted in auxin-treated plugs were similar to or greater than cuttings receiving a basal quick-dip; lesser results were obtained in a few cases with K-IBA + K-NAA. Percent of rooted cuttings with new shoots and shoot length per rooted cutting for cuttings rooted in plugs treated with K-IBA were mostly similar to cuttings receiving a basal quick-dip in K-IBA, while cuttings rooted in plugs treated with K-IBA + K-NAA exhibited similar or lesser results compared to cuttings receiving a basal quick-dip in K-IBA + K-NAA.

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