The Transaction Costs of the U.S. Congress' Funding Process: Choosing Between Separate or Combined Authorization/Appropriation Committee Structure.

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise N. Baken
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Appropriation Committee ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Scale and Transaction Costs in the U.S. Biopower Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira J Altman ◽  
Peter G. Klein ◽  
Thomas G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Symposium on the Economics of Liability

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accident Insurance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Has the U.S. liability system run amok? Many commentators feel it has, as do many executives who feel that the liability “tax” discourages innovation and ultimately fails to promote safety. On the other hand, economists have ceaselessly pointed out that when one party is made liable for injury caused to another, an externality has been internalized. This symposium is intended to clarify just what economists know about the U.S. liability system: its worth as well as its flaws. The resulting picture is not a pretty one. Often liability is imposed on injurers as a means of compensating and insuring victims, despite the fact that such compensation and insurance could be accomplished much more effectively using direct accident insurance. Liability is an expensive means of providing compensation, since the legal liability system involves large transaction costs, mainly in the form of litigation expenses. Overall, America's institutions for assigning liability are poorly designed to promote economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of contract farming on the U.S. crop farmers’ average return

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
W.-Y. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Matching Estimation ◽  
The U.S

In the literature of contract farming, most of the studies focus on the functions of risk managements and reducing transaction costs. Only a few study the effect of contract farming on the productivity efficiency or profitability. Literature in the crop sector is especially lacking. In this paper, we use a unique farm-level dataset (Agricultural Resource Management Survey from the U.S. Department of Agriculture) to examine the effect of contract farming on the farmers’ average return for the corn, soybean and wheat producers. The matching estimation is used in the nature to compare the farmers’ average return with or without participating contract farming. We first run a logit model to calculate the propensity score from the farmers’ contracting decision problem. Then, use the propensity score to match farmers using the contracts and not using the contracts and compare their average returns. The empirical results show that contract farming has a positive effect on the corn and soybean producers’ average return and insignificant effect on wheat producers’.    

scholarly journals The Methods of Reforming the Global Currency and Regulatory System: Innovative Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (512) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
M. A. Kaftia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Currency Unions ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
The U.S

The article is aimed at formulating the most possible prospective scenarios for reforming the global currency and regulatory system. The first scenario is a supra-nationally oriented currency system, which provides for the introduction of non-cash supranational monetary units in the status of the main international reserve means – instead of the U.S. dollar, with a purpose to counteract its chronic depredation. The second scenario of reforming the global currency and regulatory system is its orientation toward the official remonetization of gold, which provides for the restoration of the gold’s monetary status (in a certain modified form) as a universal and natural value benchmark, as well as its transformation into a first-class asset such as cash or government bonds. The third scenario of reforming the global currency and regulatory system is connected with the development of a multipolar currency system. Its material core is the consolidation of national monetary systems in terms of the formation of international currency unions and collective currencies. And finally, the fourth scenario of reforming the global currency and regulatory system is the digitalized currency system. It provides a mandatory component of the introduction of digital currencies – the cryptocurrencies characterized by presence of the computer nodes controlled by blockchain and evenly distributed at the inter-country level. These elements will be used in those elements of currency systems, where it will be possible to achieve savings in the transaction costs of economic agents for settlement transactions and ensure high reliability of the carried out transactions.

Technology Advancement and E-Procurement in the US

2012 ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Steinfeld ◽  
Khi V. Thai
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tremendous Impact ◽  
The U.S

E-procurement has had a tremendous impact on the modernization of government and administration. In the U.S., the relationship between technology and e-procurement is central in determining the ability to adopt successful e-procurement. Significant investment in technology and human capital is required for the implementation of e-procurement systems. Despite widespread efforts to initialize e-procurement through direct investment in information and component technologies, a substantial portion of administrations’ efforts at achieving e-governance have failed. The need for customized solutions and managerial intervention has challenged government at all levels. Furthermore, technological advancement has not been welcomed by all administrations. Nonetheless, the advantages of e-procurement typically justify the effort required to implement and maintain such systems. Reductions in transaction costs, increased transparency, and improved relationships between government and businesses are all advantages of e-procurement. While there are significant challenges to e-procurement not limited to corruption, the benefits of e-procurement far outweigh the costs.

scholarly journals How the Budget Process Works in the U.S. House Appropriations Committee and Its Implications for the Korean Government

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Lim Jae Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Government Deficits ◽  
Appropriation Committee ◽  
The U.S

The recent recession and subsequent rescue efforts along with snowballing annual deficits and national debts in the United States have made it urgent for scholars to examine national budget processes across countries. The House Appropriations Committee is a key cog in the annual appropriations process in the United States and understanding how it behaves offers a clue for what to do with central government deficits. I offer a comprehensive review of scholarly contributions on the behavior of House Appropriation Committee since Fenno`s seminal works in 1962 and 1966. Then, I note potential lessons that these studies and U.S experiences can offer for the Korean government.

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