Nitrosoguanidine Mutagenesis and Chromosomal Replication in Staphylococcus Aureus

A survey of genomic maps in strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m69-168 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 959-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert A. Altenbern

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Gene Order ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Chromosomal Replication ◽

Initiation Of Replication ◽

Unique Site ◽

Replication Procedure ◽

Genomic Map

Six randomly selected strains of Staphylococcus aureus all exhibited the same gene order along the chromosome when mapped by the synchronous chromosomal replication procedure. Strains possessing multiple antibiotic resistance yielded a genomic map with all genes shifted toward significantly later replication times than in strains not bearing multiple antibiotic resistance. It appears that there is a unique site on the S. aureus chromosome for the initiation of replication.

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An expanded genomic map of Staphylococcus aureus

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m71-197 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1239-1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert A. Altenbern

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Frequency Analysis ◽

Chromosomal Mapping ◽

Chromosomal Replication ◽

Genomic Map ◽

Marker Frequency

A genomic map of 26 separate loci of Staphylococcus aureus has been derived by a combination of two methods of chromosomal mapping, by synchronous chromosomal replication and by marker frequency analysis.

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Marker frequency analysis mapping of the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m71-144 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 903-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert A. Altenbern

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Frequency Analysis ◽

Exponential Growth ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Mutation Induction ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Chromosomal Replication ◽

Genomic Map ◽

Marker Frequency ◽

Logarithmic Growth

Marker frequency analysis by mutation induction of several strains of Staphylococcus aureus has yielded a genomic map supporting the map derived by another technique. Gene orders of exponential cells obtained by using reference cells with completed chromosomes effected by chloramphenicol or by phenethanol treatment were identical, suggesting that these two agents halted chromosomal replication at a common terminus. In several strains, the pantothenate or acriflavine resistance locus changed its apparent chromosomal position during exponential growth. The data indicate that more than one chromosomal growing point occurred during logarithmic growth in non-synthetic medium.

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Cytochemical Studies of Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus Aureus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094905 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

Masaatsu Koike ◽

Koichi Nakashima ◽

Kyoko Iida

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Periodate Oxidation ◽

Early Time ◽

The Other ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽

Septal Wall ◽

Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Cross Linkage

Penicillin exerts the activity to inhibit the peptide cross linkage between each polysaccharide backbone at the final stage of wall-peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria. Morphologically, alterations of the septal wall and mesosome in gram-positive bacteria, which were occurred in early time after treatment with penicillin, have been observed. In this experiment, these alterations were cytochemically investigated by means of silver-methenamine staining after periodate oxidation, which is applied for detection of localization of wall mucopolysaccharide.Staphylococcus aureus strain 209P treated with 100 u/ml of penicillin G was divided into two aliquotes. One was fixed by Kellenberger-Ryter's OSO4 fixative at 30, 60 and 120 min after addition of the antibiotic, dehydrated through alcohol series, and embedded in Epon 812 (Specimen A). The other was fixed by 21 glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through glycolmethacrylate series and embedded in glycolmethacrylate mixture, according to Bernhard's method (Specimen B).

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Gold labeling of teichoic acid on adjacent surfaces of staphylococcus aureus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160443 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 578-579

Author(s):

Margaret Hukee

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Teichoic Acid ◽

Protein Labeling ◽

Minimal Amount ◽

Section Thickness ◽

Double Labeling ◽

Parallel Surfaces ◽

Supporting Membrane

Gold labeling of two antigens (double labeling) is often done on two section surfaces separated by section thickness. Whether labeling is done on both sides of the same section or on two parallel surfaces separated by section thickness (PSSST), comparable results are dependent on an equal number of epitopes being exposed at each surface. We propose a method to study protein labeling within the same field of proteins, by examining two directly adjacent surfaces that were split during sectioning. The number of labeling sites on adjacent surfaces (AS) were compared to sites on PSSST surfaces in individual bacteria.Since each bacteria needed to be recognizable in all three section surfaces, one-hole grids were used for labeling. One-hole grids require a supporting membrane and excessive handling during labeling often ruptures the membrane. To minimize handling, a labeling chamber was designed that is inexpensive, disposable, minimizes contamination, and uses a minimal amount of solution.

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