A survey of genomic maps in strains of Staphylococcus aureus

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Initiation Of Replication ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Replication Procedure ◽  
Genomic Map

Six randomly selected strains of Staphylococcus aureus all exhibited the same gene order along the chromosome when mapped by the synchronous chromosomal replication procedure. Strains possessing multiple antibiotic resistance yielded a genomic map with all genes shifted toward significantly later replication times than in strains not bearing multiple antibiotic resistance. It appears that there is a unique site on the S. aureus chromosome for the initiation of replication.

scholarly journals taphylococcus aureus as a paradiagm of a persistent problem of bacterial multiple antibiotic resistance in Abha, Saudi Arabia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 948-954
Author(s):  
N. E. Bilal ◽  
M. Gedebou
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Resistance Patterns

We reviewed the microbiology laboratory records of Abha Maternity Hospital, Saudi Arabia for 1996 and 1998 to assess multiple antibiotic resistance, using Staphylococcus aureus as a paradigm. A total of 587 and 485 strains were isolated in 1996 and 1998 respectively. In 1996, over 60.0% were resistant to five of the nine antibiotics tested; in 1998, over 55.0% were resistant to six antibiotics. In both years, 71.0% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Over 85.0% of all strains were multiresistant. Although over 100 types of resistance patterns were detected, more than half of the strains displayed fewer than 15 types. The strains most frequently isolated were considered hospital strains, which accounted for most infections.

HIGH PENICILLINASE PRODUCTION CORRELATED WITH MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

The Lancet ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 283 (7328) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Richmond ◽  
M.T. Parker ◽  
M.Patricia Jevons ◽  
Madeleine John
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance

An expanded genomic map of Staphylococcus aureus

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Marker Frequency

A genomic map of 26 separate loci of Staphylococcus aureus has been derived by a combination of two methods of chromosomal mapping, by synchronous chromosomal replication and by marker frequency analysis.

Marker frequency analysis mapping of the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Marker Frequency ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Marker frequency analysis by mutation induction of several strains of Staphylococcus aureus has yielded a genomic map supporting the map derived by another technique. Gene orders of exponential cells obtained by using reference cells with completed chromosomes effected by chloramphenicol or by phenethanol treatment were identical, suggesting that these two agents halted chromosomal replication at a common terminus. In several strains, the pantothenate or acriflavine resistance locus changed its apparent chromosomal position during exponential growth. The data indicate that more than one chromosomal growing point occurred during logarithmic growth in non-synthetic medium.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa: Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Clonality

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Ncomeka Sineke ◽  
Jonathan Asante ◽  
Daniel Gyamfi Amoako ◽  
Akebe Luther King Abia ◽  
Keith Perrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pig Production

Although Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat to the veterinary, agricultural, and public health sectors because of its zoonotic potential, studies on its molecular characterisation in intensive animal production are rare. We phenotypically and genotypically characterised antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in intensive pig production in South Africa, using the farm-to-fork approach. Samples (n = 461) were collected from the farm, transport vehicles, and the abattoir using the World Health Organisation on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (WHO-AGISAR) sampling protocol. Bacteria were isolated using selective media and identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phenotypic resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method. Selected resistance and virulence genes were investigated using PCR. Clonality among the isolates was determined using the repetitive element sequence-PCR. In all, 333 presumptive staphylococcal isolates were obtained, with 141/333 (42.3%) identified as staphylococci biochemically. Ninety-seven (97; 68.8%) were confirmed as S. aureus using PCR, 52.6% of which were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) through the mecA gene. All the 97 S. aureus isolates (100%) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, with the highest resistance observed against erythromycin and clindamycin (84.50% each), and the lowest observed against amikacin (2.10%); 82.47% (80/97) were multidrug-resistant with an average multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.50. Most of the phenotypically resistant isolates carried at least one of the corresponding resistance genes tested, ermC being the most detected. hla was the most detected virulence gene (38.14%) and etb was the least (1.03%). Genetic fingerprinting revealed diverse MRSA isolates along the farm-to-fork continuum, the major REP types consisting of isolates from different sources suggesting a potential transmission along the continuum. Resistance to antibiotics used as growth promoters was evidenced by the high prevalence of MDR isolates with elevated multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2, specifically at the farm, indicating exposure to high antibiotic use environments, necessitating antibiotic stewardship and proper infection control measures in pig husbandry and intensive pig production.

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