Marker frequency analysis mapping of the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Marker Frequency ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Marker frequency analysis by mutation induction of several strains of Staphylococcus aureus has yielded a genomic map supporting the map derived by another technique. Gene orders of exponential cells obtained by using reference cells with completed chromosomes effected by chloramphenicol or by phenethanol treatment were identical, suggesting that these two agents halted chromosomal replication at a common terminus. In several strains, the pantothenate or acriflavine resistance locus changed its apparent chromosomal position during exponential growth. The data indicate that more than one chromosomal growing point occurred during logarithmic growth in non-synthetic medium.

An expanded genomic map of Staphylococcus aureus

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Marker Frequency

A genomic map of 26 separate loci of Staphylococcus aureus has been derived by a combination of two methods of chromosomal mapping, by synchronous chromosomal replication and by marker frequency analysis.

Chromosomal mapping of Brucella abortus, strain 19

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Replication Time ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Marker Frequency ◽  
Duplication Time

A genomic map of Brucella abortus, strain 19, containing the relative locations of 19 genes has been derived by use of marker frequency analysis. Under the conditions used, the chromosomal replication time was approximately 60 min and the mass duplication time was 216 min.

A survey of genomic maps in strains of Staphylococcus aureus

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Chromosomal Replication ◽  
Initiation Of Replication ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Replication Procedure ◽  
Genomic Map

Six randomly selected strains of Staphylococcus aureus all exhibited the same gene order along the chromosome when mapped by the synchronous chromosomal replication procedure. Strains possessing multiple antibiotic resistance yielded a genomic map with all genes shifted toward significantly later replication times than in strains not bearing multiple antibiotic resistance. It appears that there is a unique site on the S. aureus chromosome for the initiation of replication.

Production and control of extracellular enzymes in Micrococcus sodonensis

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecily Mills ◽  
J. N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
And Control ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Micrococcus sodonensis has been shown to produce several extracellular enzymes: an alkaline phosphatase, at least two forms of phosphodiesterase, a 5′-nucleotidase, and an alkaline proteinase. The quantitative release of these enzymes into the culture medium during logarithmic growth under all the various culture conditions tested indicates that these enzymes are truly extracellular in nature. Inorganic phosphate repressed the production of the alkaline phosphatase in synthetic as well as in complex media, whereas, the repression of the production of active diesterase and 5′-nucleotidase by inorganic phosphate was partly reversed by the addition of supplemental organic nutrients to the culture medium. Proteinase production was independent of the culture conditions used. A mutant strain of M. sodonensis with an altered production of diesterase was obtained; the other extracellular enzymes were unaffected. These results suggest that the extracellular enzymes of M. sodonensis are not produced in a pleiotropic fashion since the level of one of the enzymes can be changed without affecting a corresponding change in the levels of the other enzymes. An extracellular high molecular weight carbohydrate fraction was shown to be produced by M. sodonensis in synthetic medium. The fraction was also shown to contain glycoprotein.

scholarly journals The order of replication of chromosomal markers inPseudomonas aeruginosastrain 1: I. Marker frequency analysis by transduction

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Booker ◽  
J. S. Loutit
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Map ◽  
Chromosomal Markers ◽  
Marker Frequency ◽  
Slow Growing

SUMMARYThe generalized transducing phage F116 has been used to prepare lysates from fast- and slow-growing cultures ofPseudomonas aeruginosastrain 1. These lysates have been used to transduce a number of auxotrophic markers to prototrophy and the ratios of the numbers of transductants obtained with each lysate have been determined. Since the markers are those which have been mapped by conjugation in previous studies it has been possible to compare the ratios obtained for each marker with the relative position of the marker on the chromosome map. If the assumption is made that there is only one circular chromosome inP. aeruginosastrain 1 it is possible to suggest a way in which two apparently unlinked segments might be joined together. It is also possible to suggest that the chromosome replicates sequentially in two directions from a fixed origin.

Repair of salt tolerance and recovery of lost D-alanine and magnesium following sublethal heating of Staphylococcus aureus are independent events

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hurst ◽  
A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Rich Medium ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Independent Events

Sublethal heating of Staphylococcus aureus S6 in potassium phosphate buffer caused loss of salt tolerance, D-alanine, and magnesium. During incubation in rich complex media all three of the damaged sites were repaired. Repair occurred more slowly but went to completion in a dilute synthetic medium (DSM), free of D-ala. DSM plus penicillin or D-cycloserine allowed repair of salt tolerance but recovery of normal levels of D-ala or Mg was prevented. When DSM-repaired cells were cultured into fresh rich medium they grew rapidly after a short lag. Cells which had acquired their salt tolerance in DSM plus cycloserine and were D-ala and Mg deficient grew slowly and had a lag of 3 h. We suggest that heat damage has two separate primary targets in S. aureus cells: the membrane, which is manifested by loss of salt tolerance, and a second site, possibly teichoic acids, manifested by loss of D-ala and Mg.

scholarly journals Transcription of the Staphylococcus aureus cid and lrg Murein Hydrolase Regulators Is Affected by Sigma Factor B

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (10) ◽  
pp. 3029-3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Rice ◽  
Toni Patton ◽  
Soo-Jin Yang ◽  
Alexis Dumoulin ◽  
Markus Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Northern Blot ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Sigma Factor B ◽  
Murein Hydrolase

ABSTRACT The Staphylococcus aureus lrg and cid loci are homologous operons that have been shown to regulate murein hydrolase activity and affect sensitivity to penicillin. Although the mode of action of these operons has not been demonstrated, a model based on the similarities of the lrgA and cidA gene products to the bacteriophage holin family of proteins has been proposed. In this study, the transcription organization and regulation of these operons were examined by Northern blot analyses. Unexpectedly, cidB and a gene located immediately downstream, designated cidC, were found to be cotranscribed on a 2.7-kb transcript. Maximal cidBC transcription occurred during early exponential growth, and high-level transcription of cidBC was dependent on the rsbU-mediated activation of the alternative sigma factor B (σB). In contrast, lrgAB transcription in stationary phase was negatively regulated by σB. Although cidABC transcription was not detected by Northern blot analysis, reverse transcriptase PCR revealed that these genes are also cotranscribed as a single RNA message in early exponential growth. Primer extension analysis revealed the presence of two cidBC transcription start sites, but no apparent σB-dependent promoter consensus sequence was identified in these regions. The rsbU gene was also shown to have a positive impact on murein hydrolase activity but a negligible effect on sensitivity to penicillin-induced killing. These results suggest that the lrgAB and cidBC genes may be part of the S. aureus σB-controlled stress regulon.

scholarly journals Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-Dependent Synthesis of Staphylococcus aureus Type 5 and 8 Capsular Polysaccharides

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 1459-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat R. Sadykov ◽  
Theodoric A. Mattes ◽  
Thanh T. Luong ◽  
Yefei Zhu ◽  
Shandra R. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Aerobic Respiration ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Cycle Dependent ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus capsule synthesis requires the precursor N-acetyl-glucosamine; however, capsule is synthesized during post-exponential growth when the availability of N-acetyl-glucosamine is limited. Capsule biosynthesis also requires aerobic respiration, leading us to hypothesize that capsule synthesis requires tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Consistent with this hypothesis, S. aureus tricarboxylic acid cycle mutants fail to make capsule.

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