scholarly journals Women Politicians and Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine and Georgia in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kostiuchenko ◽  
Tamara Martsenyuk ◽  
Svitlana Oksamytna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Female Politicians

<p class="EW-abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Post-communist countries undergoing social transformations in the last twenty years needed to implement political and economic reforms. Changes also had to support the principles of equality in the access to power, specifically gender quotas in executive and legislative branches of government and within political parties. The events in Ukraine and Georgia in 2004-2005 known as the “colour revolutions” gave impulse to the promotion of equality and implementation of reforms. However, the number of women participating in national politics in both countries remains low. This paper proposes an analysis of gender equality principles during the parliamentary election campaigns in Ukraine and Georgia in 2012 from the perspective of women’s participation in politics and their self-representation as politicians. This empirical study covers public attitudes towards women in politics and examines networks of female parliamentarians. The findings raise hopes for better representation of women in politics as female politicians promote them from the top down, and mass public perception of gender equality principles set the ground for bottom-up activism.  <strong></strong></p><p class="EW-Keyword">Keywords: Gender Equality, Women Politicians, Public Attitudes, Social Network Analysis (SNA)</p>

scholarly journals Violence against Women in Politics: A Study of Backlash Effect of Gender Quota in Parliament of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Dr. Sher Muhammad ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Waris Awan ◽  
Misbah Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Women Legislators ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Gender Quota

This paper intends to explore the “backlash“   impact of gender equality policies such as gender quotas in the shape of the resistance, provoked by male parliamentarians against their female colleagues. Such resistance exists in different shapes, such as sexist remarks, intimidation, or harassment. It is important to understand the nature and the motive behind such violence, and the effect of this violence on the performance of women legislators. The study is primarily based on semi-structured interviews with 15 female members of the National Assembly of Pakistan. It is evident from the findings of the paper that patriarchy, socio-economic structures, and the political power configurations are key elements that lead to this type of violence and it is not peculiar to only women elected on reserved seats.

scholarly journals Paradigma Pendidikan Politik Antikorupsi dan Kesetaraan Gender di Partai Politik

INTEGRITAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Mirza Satria Buana ◽  
Erlina Erlina ◽  
Eka Yulia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Political Education ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Figure

Political education for women politicians is ineffective because women are still considered merely as an ‘object’ to perpetuate patriarchy political dynasty. This study utilizes a legal inter-diciplinary methodology. It selects five political parties. Respondents are female politicians who have experiences on political education, anti-corruption and gender equality issues. Most of political parties are dependent with political figure as a ‘strong leader’. Political education’s curriculum is a doctrinization of parties’ political figures. It lacks of anti-corruption and gender equality perspectives. Reform should start from within by changing its paradigm into member-based mass political party, so political education can leverage female politicians. 

scholarly journals Gender Quotas: A Path to Empowerment?

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Clark
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Development Goals

Gender equality is an idea that is enshrined in the Millennium Development Goals. In order to achieve gender equality, a significant amount of women’s empowerment must occur. Since women’s empowerment is a way out of poverty, many countries have been undertaking tasks to assist women’s ascent in society. One institution that has been established is gender quotas, which allocates seats for women in legislatures. This paper will explore how a country’s context can influence the effectiveness of gender quotas in bringing women into legislatures. From there, I will look at how female politicians affect society at large. By studying regions of the world, I measure societal effects through political engagement at the local level and public opinion of women. Overall, gender quotas do seem to increase public opinion of women, but do not increase local level political engagement. Further research should be done on what policies women in legislatures support.

Mexico gender equality is elusive despite progress

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
President Elect ◽  
And Gender

Subject Women in politics. Significance With eight women nominated to the 17-minister cabinet of President-elect Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO), the incoming National Regeneration Movement (Morena) administration will be Mexico’s most gender balanced ever. Similarly, both chambers of the federal Congress formally established on August 29 have achieved near-gender parity. States and municipalities across the country saw the share of female politicians increase significantly in the July 1 elections. Impacts Gender equality will not be achievable until all states issue laws that define and penalise political violence against women. Efforts to end all forms of political gender violence -- physical, psychological, sexual and economic -- will be required. Indigenous women, facing racial and gender discrimination, will struggle to increase their participation in politics.

Gender Equality from Beneath: Electoral Gender Quotas in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Śledzińska-Simon ◽  
Adam Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Polish Law

Abstract This article explores the introduction of electoral gender quotas and the unprecedented social mobilization in pursuit of gender equality in Poland. The quota law was adopted as a citizens’ initiative organized by the Congress of Women, a new women’s movement. The article analyzes the factors that account for the success of this initiative, which permanently changed the public debate on gender rights in Poland. In contrast to other countries with legislative gender quotas, the Polish law was the result of bottom-up processes, and it has a strong democratic legitimacy. The law has not significantly influenced the representation of women in the Parliament, yet it significantly mainstreamed the gender perspective in the public debate. Nonetheless, the way in which the quota law has been applied by political parties shows that Polish women in politics are a “minority” devoid of power, and that the prospects for a parity democracy are still remote.

scholarly journals Women Politicians, Institutions, and Perceptions of Corruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Barnes ◽  
Emily Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Institutional Oversight

Why do people assume female politicians are less likely than men to engage in the illegal use of public positions for private gain? We argue that voters may perceive women as marginalized within political institutions, or as more risk averse and consequently more constrained by institutional oversight, which could lead to perceptions of women as less likely to engage in corruption. Using an original survey experiment, we test these mechanisms against conventional wisdom that women are seen as more honest. We find strong support for the risk aversion explanation, as well as heterogeneous effects by respondent sex for both the marginalization and honesty mechanisms. These findings suggest that the institutional contexts in which women are operating can help explain why people perceive them as less likely to engage in corruption. Identifying these mechanisms is critical to understanding the role of women in politics and for improving trust in government.

Gender Parity in the Religious and Political Sphere of Israel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meital Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Right

This chapter explores recent struggles for gender parity in Israel. At the level of national politics, efforts to secure gender quotas in the parliament have largely failed. Some struggles for gender parity in the religious sphere have been more successful, however. Religious Jewish and Muslim women reject the idea that they need to choose between ‘your religion or your rights’, and have increasingly established their right to shape the norms of their religious community. For example, Muslim women have secured the right to have women appointed as arbitrators within Shari’a family courts; and Jewish women have secured the right to elect judges to rabbinical courts. These efforts are, to date at least, limited in scope, leaving significant forms of gender discrimination in place. However, the chapter nonetheless argues that these bottom-up struggles for gender parity within the religious sphere are significant movements towards reconciling gender equality and multiculturalism.

Corruption, Opportunity Networks, and Gender

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wiesehomeier ◽  
Tània Verge
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Given the gender stereotype that women are more ethical than men, people should assess female politicians as being less corruptible. Yet information about access to networks suggests that opportunities to engage in unethical behavior may counter this perception. Using a conjoint analysis in a nationally representative survey in Spain, a country shaken by corruption scandals, we asked respondents to identify the more corruptible politician between two hypothetical local councilors by imagining an investor willing to offer a bribe to advance business interests. Results indicate that female politicians do symbolically stand for honesty. However, this assessment is offset by embeddedness cues signaling a woman politician’s access to opportunity networks. We discuss our findings in light of instrumentalist arguments for an increase of women in politics as a means to combat corruption.

Women, the Parliament and Political Participation in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cholpon Turdalieva ◽  
Medet Tiulegenov
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Participation

This paper explores women’s participation in parliamentary elections in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Using various methods, it offers an interdisciplinary perspective on factors that affect the likelihood of women participating successfully in parliamentary elections. This study supports the general literature on the effects of gender quotas and proportional representation, but its results on other factors are mixed. The factor of financial resources is significant, though its impact has been reduced with the introduction of gender quotas, while other factors—such as social status—may not be particularly important. The public perception of a woman in politics is not the greatest obstacle to women’s representation, and a female candidate’s professional status may often be attractive to party leaders.

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