Laboratory Evaluation Of Foaming Agents For High-Temperature Applications — I. Measurements Of Foam Stability At Elevated Temperatures And Pressures

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Maini ◽  
V. Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Temperature Applications

Directionally Solidified Ceramic Eutectics for High-Temperature Applications

2013 ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Bogomol ◽  
Petro Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Eutectic Point ◽  
Eutectic Microstructure ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Microstructure Parameters ◽  
Directionally Solidified Eutectics ◽  
Temperature Applications

The processing techniques, microstructures, and mechanical properties of directionally solidified eutectic ceramics are reviewed. It is considered the main methods for preparing of eutectic ceramics and the relationships between thermal gradient, growth rate, and microstructure parameters. Some principles of coupled eutectic growth, main types of eutectic microstructure and the relationship between the eutectic microstructure and the mechanical properties of directionally solidified eutectics at ambient and high temperatures are briefly described. The mechanical behavior and main toughening mechanisms of these materials in a wide temperature range are discussed. It is shown that the strength at high temperatures mainly depends on the plasticity of the phase components. By analyzing the dislocation structure, the occurrence of strain hardening in single crystalline phases during high-temperature deformation is revealed. The creep resistance of eutectic composites is superior to that of the sintered samples due to the absence of glassy phases at the interfaces, and the strain has to be accommodated by plastic deformation within the domains rather than by interfacial sliding. The microstructural and chemical stability of the directionally solidified eutectic ceramics at high temperatures are discussed. The aligned eutectic microstructures show limited phase coarsening up to the eutectic point and excellent chemical resistance. Directionally solidified eutectics, especially oxides, revealed an excellent oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. It is shown sufficient potential of these materials for high-temperature applications.

Very High Temperatures Steam Foam Additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céleste Odier ◽  
Margaux Kerdraon ◽  
Emie Lacombe ◽  
Eric Delamaide
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Field Application ◽  
High Pressure Cell ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Very High

Abstract In heavy oil reservoirs operated by steam injection, foam has a double benefit. By improving the steam sweep efficiency within the reservoir, foam increases oil recovery while reducing the amount of injected steam. However, in the field, this technology is not always very effective due to the fact that it is difficult to find foaming agents that can withstand temperatures above 200°C. Moreover, the agents that form stable foams at such temperatures are often insoluble at ambient temperature, and therefore difficult to solubilize in the field. Thus, a compromise between good solubility in surface conditions and high temperature foaming performances in the reservoir has to be found. In this study, we show that it is possible to boost chemicals that form foam at very high temperature with an additive to greatly improve their solubility at ambient temperature while maintaining their high foaming performance at high temperature. Two foaming agents of increasing degree of hydrophobicity (H and HH) were initially selected for this study. The first one shows high foaming performances in porous media and in a high-pressure cell at temperatures comprised in between 150 and 220°C. The second one, more hydrophobic, is particularly performant at temperatures comprised in between 220°C and at least 280°C. Using a robotic platform, the temperature at which the foaming solution for agents H and HH needs to be heated to be solubilized, was evaluated with an accuracy of 5°C in four brines (varying salinity and hardness). We found that the temperature at which both agents become soluble is above 60°C, still too high for a field application. In the second part of the study, these hydrophobic molecules were coupled to a pre-selected additive. The resulting mixtures were again qualified in terms of solubility and foaming performances. We show that by coupling these hydrophobic agents with an additive, we are able to maintain their excellent foaming performances while decreasing their solubilisation temperature down to room temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that very high temperature foam stability assessment up to 280°C is combined to solubility measurements to design performant foaming solutions that will be easy to handle in the field for steam foam applications. Interestingly, we show that the hydrophobicity of agents that is required for high temperature foam generation can be balanced by a more hydrophilic agent without reducing their foaming performances.

Castable Aluminium Alloys for High Temperature Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang Fan ◽  
Makhlouf M. Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
Casting Alloys ◽  
Elevated Temperature Tensile ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Room Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Applications

Most traditional aluminium casting alloys are based on the aluminium-silicon eutectic system because of its excellent casting characteristics. However, the solidus in this system does not exceed 577 °C and the major alloying elements used with silicon in these alloys have high diffusivity in aluminium. Therefore, while these elements enhance the room temperature strength of the alloy, they are not useful at elevated temperatures. Considering nickel-base superalloys, whose mechanical properties are retained up to temperatures that approach 75% of their melting point, it is conceivable that castable aluminium alloys can be developed on the same basis so that they are useful at temperatures approaching 300 °C. In this publication, we present the thought process behind developing a new castable aluminum alloy that is designed specifically for such high temperature applications and we present the alloy’s measured castability characteristics and its elevated temperature tensile properties.

Laboratory Evaluation on Foaming Agent for High-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Ji Chao Fang ◽  
Cai Li Dai ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Qin Fang Ding ◽  
Si Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Foam Flooding ◽  
Enhance Oil Recovery

In order to further enhance oil recovery (EOR) of the high temperature and high salt oil fields by foam flooding, one foaming agent was screened by airflow method. The influence of oil-water and pressure on foamability and stability were evaluated,and oil displacement experiment was also conducted. The results show that CS-1 foaming agent has better foamability and stability than the others under the reservoir conditions (Temperature 110 °C, Salinity 11.52×104 mg/L, Ca2+&Mg2+ 7654 mg/L). The foam stability will be better as the pressure rise or be worse when it met the crude oil. Oil recovery was improved by 4.13% after waterflood and the total recovery is 60.75%.

Mechanical Behavior of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Parts at Elevated Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jamal Mian ◽  
Jafar Razmi ◽  
Leila Ladani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Boundary Slip ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Temperature Applications

Abstract Ti6Al4V is one of the vital metal alloys used in various industries including aerospace, especially at high-temperature applications, because of having high strength-to-weight ratio, and high melting temperature. Manufacturing these metal parts by the conventional subtractive methods have been challenging due to the difficulty involved with the cutting and machining it. However, additive manufacturing (AM) offers a convenient way for shaping this metal into the desired complex parts. Although different powder bed fusion (PBF) AM processes are time and cost effective, degradation of mechanical properties during high-temperature applications could be a concern for parts produced by them. Therefore, this study focuses on the anisotropic and high-temperature elastic and plastic behaviors of Ti6Al4V parts made using electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) process. Mechanical properties, like modulus of elasticity, 0.2% yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percent elongation, have been determined at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C temperatures from the samples produced in different build orientations. Considerable anisotropic behavior and temperature dependency were observed for all the analyzed properties. At 600 °C, various softening mechanisms such dislocation glide, grain boundary slip, and grain growth were anticipated to be activated reducing the flow stress and increasing the elasticity. Fractography analysis on fractured surfaces of the samples reveals various defects, including partially melted or unmelted powder particles near the surface and subsurface areas. Those internal and external defects are analyzed further using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and surface profilometer to show their effect on the anisotropic behaviors.

Microstructural characterization of a rapidly solidified Al-Fe-V-Si alloy for elevated temperature applications

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
R. E. Franck ◽  
J. A. Hawk ◽  
G. J. Shiflet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Applications

Rapid solidification processing (RSP) is one method of producing high strength aluminum alloys for elevated temperature applications. Allied-Signal, Inc. has produced an Al-12.4 Fe-1.2 V-2.3 Si (composition in wt pct) alloy which possesses good microstructural stability up to 425°C. This alloy contains a high volume fraction (37 v/o) of fine nearly spherical, α-Al12(Fe, V)3Si dispersoids. The improved elevated temperature strength and stability of this alloy is due to the slower dispersoid coarsening rate of the silicide particles. Additionally, the high v/o of second phase particles should inhibit recrystallization and grain growth, and thus reduce any loss in strength due to long term, high temperature annealing.The focus of this research is to investigate microstructural changes induced by long term, high temperature static annealing heat-treatments. Annealing treatments for up to 1000 hours were carried out on this alloy at 500°C, 550°C and 600°C. Particle coarsening and/or recrystallization and grain growth would be accelerated in these temperature regimes.

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