Legislative Trends in Environmental Regulations Impacting the Petroleum Industry

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Sandosham ◽  
Doris M.F. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Petroleum Industry

Floating-Roof Tanks: Design and Operation in the Petroleum Industry

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Gallagher ◽  
Christian R. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Combined Loads ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Present Design ◽  
High Vapor

The floating-roof tank has been the most widely used method of storage of volatile petroleum products since the first demonstration b Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CB&I) in 1923. There have been many changes and design improvements to that first pan-style-floating roof. A floating roof is a complex structure. It must be designed to remain buoyant even when exposed to combined loads from varying process, weather and product conditions. There is a continued demand for improved floating-roof tanks to store a wide range of petroleum and petrochemical products in compliance with state and federal environmental regulations. Floating roofs are used in open top tanks (EFRT), inside tanks with fixed roofs (IFRT), or in tanks that are totally closed where no product evaporative losses are permitted for release to the atmosphere. This very special type of installation is referred to as a zero emission storage tank (ZEST). Products that might have been stored in basic fixed roof tanks must now utilize a floating roof to limit evaporative emissions to the atmosphere. High vapor pressure condensate service and blended heavy crude oils also present new design challenges to the floating roof tank industry. This paper will review the most prominent styles of floating roofs from 1923 to the present. Design and operating limits for current da floating-roof structures are presented. New trends in environmental regulations and the potential impact on the design and operation of floating-roof tanks will be presented. Current maintenance practices and the effect on Life Cycle Cost Management of the storage syste are also reviewed.

The Potential Role of Future Environmental Regulations on the Domestic Petroleum Industry

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Godec ◽  
Bundhrig Kosowski ◽  
D.S. Haverkamp ◽  
Bill Hochheiser
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Petroleum Industry

A Hypertext Environmental Regulations Manager for the Petroleum Industry

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sharrock Pecore ◽  
W. Greg Hazlett ◽  
Robert Blaylock ◽  
Bob Emery
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Petroleum Industry

High resolution electron microscopy of lanthanum phosphate crystals

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
J. C. Wheatley ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lanthanum Phosphate ◽  
Good Catalyst ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Rare-earth phosphates are of particular interest because of their catalytic properties associated with the hydrolysis of many aromatic chlorides in the petroleum industry. Lanthanum phosphates (LaPO4) which have been doped with small amounts of copper have shown increased catalytic activity (1). However the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples leading to good catalytic activity are not known.Many catalysts are amorphous and thus do not easily lend themselves to methods of investigation which would include electron microscopy. However, the LaPO4, crystals are quite suitable samples for high resolution techniques.The samples used were obtained from William L. Kehl of Gulf Research and Development Company. The electron microscopy was carried out on a JEOL JEM-100B which had been modified for high resolution microscopy (2). Standard high resolution techniques were employed. Three different sample types were observed: 669A-1-5-7 (poor catalyst), H-L-2 (good catalyst) and 27-011 (good catalyst).

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