Nanopore Imaging in Vaca Muerta Mudrocks To Evaluate Controls on Complex Resistivity Spectra in Unconventional Reservoirs

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1028-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Norbisrath ◽  
G. Michael Grammer ◽  
Beth Vanden Berg ◽  
Max Tenaglia ◽  
Gregor P. Eberli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Complex Resistivity ◽  
Vaca Muerta

Summary Nanopore geometry and mineralogy are key parameters for effective hydrocarbon exploration and production in unconventional reservoirs. This study describes an approach to evaluate relationships between low-frequency complex resistivity spectra (CRS), nanopore geometry, and mineralogy to use CRS to provide estimates of reservoir parameters concerning hydrocarbon saturation, storage, and producibility. For this purpose, the frequency dispersion of CRS was analyzed in 56 mudrock core plugs from the Vaca Muerta Formation (VMF) (Jurassic/Cretaceous) in Argentina, along with cementation factors (m), carbonate content (CO3), and total organic carbon (TOC). To quantify the nanoporosity, a subset of 23 samples was milled with broad ion beam (BIB) and imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the image grids of these samples were stitched together into high-resolution BIB-SEM mosaics and analyzed with digital image analysis (DIA) techniques. Results show that porosity is the dominant control on electrical properties in the mudrocks analyzed as part of this study. There is no conclusive evidence that pore geometry influences the electrical properties in the analyzed mudrocks. Pore-geometry parameters [dominant pore size (DOMsize) and perimeter over area (PoA)] do not correlate with electrical properties. Instead, mineralogy shows a first-order correlation with electrical properties, where cementation exponents are higher in rocks with high TOC and low CO3 content. CRS can be used to estimate porosity and cementation factors with high correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.71 and R2 = 0.95, respectively. Estimates of the 2D interfacial surface area (ISA2D), which is a function of both pore geometry and porosity, achieve an R2 = 0.59. The results of this study suggest that low-frequency dielectric rock properties, if measured downhole, could be useful to identify primary producing intervals in unconventional reservoirs, and to accurately determine cementation factors independent of formation fluids and porosity.

The Influence of Ion Beam Implantation on Electrical Properties of Polycrystalline MnNiCuFeO

1992 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Binbin ◽  
Tan Hui ◽  
Han Ying ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
Lin Chenglu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Spreading Resistance ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
Ion Beam Implantation ◽  
Grain Boundary Effect

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline MnNiCuFeO was implanted by B+, P+ and Si+ ion beams and thermally annealed. The structure and electrical properties of the sample were measured using SEM, Microprobe (MP), Low Frequency Impedance Analyzer (LFIA) and Spreading Resistance Probe (SRP). The results show that the resistance of grain boundaries is much higher than that of grains. The spreading resistance of the implanted samples is lower by factor of 2 than that of the unimplanted ones. The ratio of the real part Rs (grain effect) to imaginary part Xs (grain boundary effect) decreases with ion beam implantation. From these results, we came to the conclusion that the behavior of the grain boundaries is important to the bulk properties of polycrystalline MnNiCuFeO.

scholarly journals Multi-physics evaluation of carbonate-rich source rocks from high-resolution images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Eichmann ◽  
Mita Sengupta ◽  
Abdelrahman Kotb
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Effective Medium Theory ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Rock Physics ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Empirical Equations

AbstractIn unconventional reservoirs, the pore space is hosted by a heterogeneous matrix with various minerals and organic components. This heterogeneity complicates petrophysical interpretation during hydrocarbon exploration. A digital rock physics study of thermal and electrical conductivity was conducted using high-resolution focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy images of carbonate-rich source rocks. Finite-volume simulation results are discussed in context of the sample heterogeneity and anisotropy and supported by comparisons to empirical equations and effective medium theory. The results show how the presence of organic matter, pyrite, and pore constrictions impacts application of empirical equations and simplified models to unconventional reservoirs. Graphic abstract

Contacting Diffusion with FIB for Backside Circuit Edit—Procedures and Material Analysis

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kerst ◽  
P. Sadewater ◽  
R. Schlangen ◽  
C. Boit ◽  
R. Leihkauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Schottky Barriers ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Type Silicon

Abstract The feasibility of low-ohmic FIB contacts to silicon with a localized silicidation was presented at ISTFA 2004 [1]. We have systematically explored options in contacting diffusions with FIB metal depositions directly. A demonstration of a 200nm x 200nm contact on source/drain diffusion level is given. The remaining article focuses on the properties of FIB deposited contacts on differently doped n-type Silicon. After the ion beam assisted platinum deposition a silicide was formed using a forming current in two configurations. The electrical properties of the contacts are compared to furnace anneal standards. Parameters of Schottky-barriers and thermal effects of the formation current are studied with numerical simulation. TEM images and material analysis of the low ohmic contacts show a Pt-silicide formed on a silicon surface with no visible defects. The findings indicate which process parameters need a more detailed investigation in order to establish values for a practical process.

scholarly journals Estimation of permeability and saturation based on imaginary component of complex resistivity spectra: A laboratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Jiang Jia ◽  
Shizhen Ke ◽  
Junjian Li ◽  
Zhengming Kang ◽  
Xuerui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Western China ◽  
Imaginary Component ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Complex Resistivity ◽  
Linear Relationships

AbstractLow-frequency resistivity logging plays an important role in the field of petroleum exploration, but the complex resistivity spectrum of rock also contains a large amount of information about reservoir parameters. The complex resistivity spectra of 15 natural sandstone cores from western China, with different water saturations, were measured with an impedance analyzer. The pore space of each core was saturated with NaCl solution, and measurements were collected at a frequency range of 40–15 MHz. The results showed a linear relationship between the real resistivity at 1 kHz and the maximum values of imaginary resistivity for each core with different water saturations. The slopes of the linear best-fit lines had good linear relationships with the porosity and the permeability of cores. Based on this, a permeability estimation model was proposed and tested. In addition, the maxima of imaginary resistivity had power exponential relationships with the porosity and the water saturation of the cores. A saturation evaluation model based on the maxima of imaginary resistivity was established by imitating Archie’s formula. The new models were found to be feasible for determining the permeability and saturation of sandstone based on complex resistivity spectrum measurements. These models advance the application of complex resistivity spectrum in petrophysics.

Optical and electrical properties of p-type zinc oxide thin films synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition

2005 ◽  
Vol 492 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yan ◽  
Zhi Tang Song ◽  
Wei Li Liu ◽  
Qing Wan ◽  
Fu Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Oxide Thin Films ◽  
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition ◽  
P Type

OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ARGON ION BEAM IRRADIATED PVA/Ag NANOCOMPOSITES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. ABDEL REHEEM ◽  
A. ATTA ◽  
T. A. AFIFY
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Argon Ion

In this work, PVA/Ag nanocomposites films were prepared using solution casting technique, these films were irradiated with Argon ion beam to modify the structure. The main objective of the study is to enhance the optical and electrical properties of the polymer nanocomposites films by irradiation. The conventional characterization techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dielectric measurement are employed to understand the structure–property relations. FTIR analysis of these composite films shows chemical changes and a significant impact on them can be observed after irradiation. After doping, the XRD data shows silver nanoparticles formation in the PVA polymer. The band gap energy of samples is decreased with increases in the concentration of silver nanoparticles and ion beam fluence, which gives clear indication that ion beam irradiation induced defects are formed in the composite systems. The electrical conductivity, dielectric loss [Formula: see text] and dielectric constant [Formula: see text] are increased with increasing ion beam fluence and Ag dopant concentration.

Optimization of the backing material of a low frequency PVDF detector for ion beam monitoring during small animal proton irradiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lascaud ◽  
Rafal Kowalewski ◽  
Benjamin Wollant ◽  
Henri Carmigniani ◽  
Katrin Schnurle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Backing Material ◽  
Beam Monitoring

Reactive‐ion‐beam‐sputtered WNxfilms on silicon: Growth mode and electrical properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 3900-3907 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eizenberg ◽  
F. Meyer ◽  
A. Benhocine ◽  
D. Bouchier
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Growth Mode ◽  
Silicon Growth
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