A Prediction Method for Sodium Silicate Gelation Time Under Reservoir Conditions Applied for Water Management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Akhlaghi Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of water shut-off in oil wells using sodium silicate

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
D. Zh. Abdeli ◽  
H. Daigle ◽  
A. S. Yskak ◽  
A. S. Dauletov ◽  
K. S. Nurbekova
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Water Blocking ◽  
Water Cut

Purpose. Substantiation of technology for creation of a water-blocking zone below an oil reservoir and calculation of the proper composition of a gel-forming compound based on sodium silicate, in order to reduce water cut in production wells. Methodology. The goal of the work was achieved by conducting theoretical and experimental studies on technological processes of water blocking in an oil reservoir, and by identifying patterns of gel formation of sodium silicate and hydration of a micro-cement solution in reservoir conditions on full-scale models. The gel compound included sodium silicate (Na2SiO3, also referred to as liquid glass) and an aluminum salt cross-linker (AS-1). The plugging material mixture of Portland micro-cement and sodium silicate contained calcium oxide, to allow expansion, and a GL-1 reaction inhibitor. The criteria for assessing the creation of a reliable water-blocking zone in an oil reservoir are: the mobility of the aqueous solution of the gel-forming compound during its movement from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, the low permeability of the zone following its creation, and the sufficient strength of the non-shrink micro-cement in the annulus of the well. Findings. A new technology is suggested used to create a water isolation zone is a gel-forming compound based on sodium silicate, which provides a significant reduction of water cut in oil production. It is found that perforation of production string below the oil reservoir at the level of the water-saturated zone followed by injection into a well through perforated channels, the mixture of fresh water and the gel-forming compound prevents water inflow to the bottom of the well. Experiments established that with a gelation time of 2 hours at a temperature of 80 C, the viscosity of the gel is in the range of 1.22.9 Pas, and the density is 10801109 kg/m3. These values for the viscosity of the gel allow transportation from the top of the well to the bottom with the least resistance to motion. Following gelation time, the viscosity increases significantly, and after 3 days the gel viscosity reaches a range of 3.46.7 Pas. The values indicated for the viscosity of the gel are much greater than those of oil. Therefore, the proposed gel-forming compound provides a reliable water shut-off zone at the bottom of an oil reservoir, and prevents the influx of water at the bottom of a well. Originality. The proposed sodium silicate compound allows for the creation of a reliable water shut-off zone and an enhanced grouting material, based on the combination of sodium silicate and micro-cement, which together provide a significant reduction in water cut in wells during oil production. Practical value. A method for studying technological processes of oil reservoir water-blocking has been devised and the rational composition of gel-forming compound and micro-cement grout slurry with an expanding additive and a reaction retarder in reservoir conditions on full-scale models has been established. The application of the research results in oil fields allows reduction of water cut in production wells to 010%, against existing values of 7090%, and an increase in flow rate in producing wells by 2030%.

Laboratory Testing of Environmentally Friendly Sodium Silicate Systems for Water Management Through Conformance Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios G. Hatzignatiou ◽  
Reza Askarinezhad ◽  
Nils H. Giske ◽  
Arne Stavland
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Conformance Control

Production of Acid Silica Sols and Gels by Using a Y-shaped Reactor and Dilution Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Saeki ◽  
Saori Kikuchi ◽  
Masahiro Ishida ◽  
Aya Kaide
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solution ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Silica Sols

Silica sols were produced continuously by using a Y-shaped reactor. Diluted sodium silicate and sulfuric acid were forced to collide with each other at the intersection of the reactor. The produced silica sols gradually increase in the viscosity and finally form silica gels. In this study, the gelation process of silica sols was considered by rheological measurements. The onset time of gelling was strongly affected by both the concentration of SiO2 and the excessive rate of sulfuric acid. Also, the gelation time can be controlled by the addition of appropriate amount of water of sulfuric acid solution.

Nano Composite Polymer Composition for Water Shutoff Treatment at High Formation Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alekper Baghir Suleymanov ◽  
Akhmed Doletbiyevich Shovgenov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

Abstract Excess water production cause serious technical and economic issues including corrosion, loss of productivity, scaling and etc. Various chemical and mechanical methods have been developed to isolate water source in the formation. Among chemical methods polymer-gel treatment is one of the proven solutions in which gel block is placed into high permeable water channel in order to isolate the water source. Most common polymer that is used for water shut-off treatments is Polyacrylamide (PAM) due to its availability and low cost. However in harsh reservoir conditions stability of gel based on PAM is unsatisfactory. Present study focuses on enhancement of bulk gel composition by addition of nano Silica. The effect of nano Silica on gel properties such as gel stability, strength, gelation time, bound/free water content, residual resistance factor was investigated. The results shows that nano Silica addition into bulk gel shortens the gelation time and strengthens the gel. Addition of nano silica significantly reduces syneresis of the gel and nano silica significantly improves the blocking ability of the gel by strengthening the bulk gel and increasing the adsorption. Furthermore, even after aging at 105 °C for 30 days the RRF for the gel with 1% nano silica is still sufficiently high. This observation is explained by syneresis decrement of bulk gel caused by nano Silica.

Investigation on the Effect of Mud Additives on the Gelation Performance of PAM/PEI System for Lost Circulation Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shamlooh ◽  
Ahmed Hamza ◽  
Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein ◽  
Mustafa S. Nasser ◽  
Saeed Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Induced Fractures ◽  
Wellbore Strengthening

Abstract Lost circulation is one of the most common problems in the drilling of oil and gas wells where mud escapes through natural or induced fractures. Lost circulation can have severe consequences from increasing the operational cost to compromising the stability of wells. Recently, polymeric formulations have been introduced for wellbore strengthening purposes where it can serve as Loss Circulation Materials (LCMs) simultaneously. Polymeric LCMs have the potential to be mixed with drilling fluids during the operation without stopping to avoid non-productive time. In this study, the significance of most common conventional mud additives and their impact on the gelation performance of Polyacrylamide (PAM) / Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been investigated. Drilling fluid with typical additives has been designed with a weight of 9.6 ppg. Additives including bentonite, barite, CarboxyMethylCellulose (CMC), lignite, caustic soda, desco, and calcium carbonate has been studied individually and combined. Each additive is mixed with the polymeric formulation (PAM 9% PEI 1%) with different ratios, then kept at 130°C for 24 hrs. Rheological performance of the mature gel has been tested using parallel plate geometry, Oscillatory tests have been used to assess the storage Modulus and loss modulus. Moreover, the gelation profile has been tested at 500 psi with a ramped temperature to mimic the reservoir conditions to obtain the gelation time. The gelation time of the polymer-based mud was controllable by the addition of a salt retarder (Ammonium Chloride), where a gelation time of more than 2 hours could be achieved at 130°C. Laboratory observations revealed that bentonite and CMC have the most effect as they both assist in producing stronger gel. While bentonite acts as a strengthening material, CMC increases the crosslinking network. Bentonite has successfully increased the gel strength by 15% providing a storage modulus of up to 1150 Pa without affecting the gelation time. This work helps in better understanding the process of using polymeric formulations in drilling activities. It provides insights to integrate gelling systems that are conventionally used for water shut-off during the drilling operation to replace the conventional loss circulation materials to provide a higher success rate.

scholarly journals River minimum flow changes under dammed reservoir conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Edmund Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The main aim of this study was to assess what range of downstream low flow changes is caused by dam construction directly. An investigation was based on the assumption that the difference in change ratio of flow between gauging cross-sections located downstream and upstream position of dammed reservoir identifies the scope of changes determined by dam construction. Three dammed reservoirs located on Polish rivers were selected for analysis. They were different in size, hydrological regime and water management purposes. For each reservoir pair of water, gauges were selected. The input data were daily discharge series collected by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. For each time series 20-year period before and after dam construction was established. Comparison of annual minimum flow ratios for these peri-ods as well as analysis of low flow dynamics and inertia allowed to identify range and direction of changes caused by investigated reservoirs.

Gelation Performance and Feasibility Study of an Environmental Friendly Improved Inorganic Aluminum Gel for Conformance Control Under Harsh Reservoir Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong He ◽  
Yefei Wang ◽  
Ziyuan Qi ◽  
Xiaojie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Permeability Reduction ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

Despite its successful application in controlling excessive water production in many mature oilfields, polymer gel is facing some application limitations under harsh reservoir conditions. To settle these problems, an environmental friendly improved inorganic aluminum gel that composed of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as main agent, urea as activator, and sodium sulfate as syneresis inhibitor was developed. The effects of mass ratios of PAC and urea, component concentrations and temperature on gelation performance were studied. The gel compatibility with various formation brines, long-term thermal stability, and permeability reduction ability were evaluated to account for the feasibility of gel application. Results showed that as the mass ratio of PAC and urea increased, the gelation time increased and the degree of syneresis decreased. The gelation time and the degree of syneresis decreased with the increase of sodium sulfate concentration, which indicated that sodium sulfate could play a role in accelerating gelation and inhibiting gel syneresis. The gelation time decreased with increasing temperature. The gel could tolerate sodium chloride concentration up to 150 g·L−1 and calcium chloride concentration up to 25 g·L−1. After aging for 120 days at 130 °C, no syneresis was observed in gel samples, which indicated that the gel had good, long-term thermal stability. The gel had good permeability reduction ability and was effective in plugging high permeability zone. Thus, these results indicated that the improved inorganic gel could be a potential candidate for conformance control under harsh reservoir conditions.

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