Gelation Performance and Feasibility Study of an Environmental Friendly Improved Inorganic Aluminum Gel for Conformance Control Under Harsh Reservoir Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong He ◽  
Yefei Wang ◽  
Ziyuan Qi ◽  
Xiaojie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Permeability Reduction ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

Despite its successful application in controlling excessive water production in many mature oilfields, polymer gel is facing some application limitations under harsh reservoir conditions. To settle these problems, an environmental friendly improved inorganic aluminum gel that composed of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as main agent, urea as activator, and sodium sulfate as syneresis inhibitor was developed. The effects of mass ratios of PAC and urea, component concentrations and temperature on gelation performance were studied. The gel compatibility with various formation brines, long-term thermal stability, and permeability reduction ability were evaluated to account for the feasibility of gel application. Results showed that as the mass ratio of PAC and urea increased, the gelation time increased and the degree of syneresis decreased. The gelation time and the degree of syneresis decreased with the increase of sodium sulfate concentration, which indicated that sodium sulfate could play a role in accelerating gelation and inhibiting gel syneresis. The gelation time decreased with increasing temperature. The gel could tolerate sodium chloride concentration up to 150 g·L−1 and calcium chloride concentration up to 25 g·L−1. After aging for 120 days at 130 °C, no syneresis was observed in gel samples, which indicated that the gel had good, long-term thermal stability. The gel had good permeability reduction ability and was effective in plugging high permeability zone. Thus, these results indicated that the improved inorganic gel could be a potential candidate for conformance control under harsh reservoir conditions.

scholarly journals Role of Ionic Headgroups on the Thermal, Rheological, and Foaming Properties of Novel Betaine-Based Polyoxyethylene Zwitterionic Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain ◽  
Lionel Talley Fogang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Zwitterionic Surfactants ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Long-term thermal stability of surfactants under harsh reservoir conditions is one of the main challenges for surfactant injection. Most of the commercially available surfactants thermally degrade or precipitate when exposed to high-temperature and high-salinity conditions. In this work, we designed and synthesized three novel betaine-based polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants containing different head groups (carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, and hydroxysulfobetaine) and bearing an unsaturated tail. The impact of the surfactant head group on the long-term thermal stability, foam stability, and surfactant–polymer interactions were examined. The thermal stability of the surfactants was assessed by monitoring the structural changes when exposed at high temperature (90 °C) for three months using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR analysis. All surfactants were found thermally stable regardless of the headgroup and no structural changes were evidenced. The surfactant–polymer interactions were dominant in deionized water. However, in seawater, the surfactant addition had no effect on the rheological properties. Similarly, changing the headgroup of polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactants had no major effect on the foamability and foam stability. The findings of the present study reveal that the betaine-based polyoxyethylene zwitterionic surfactant can be a good choice for enhanced oil recovery application and the nature of the headgroup has no major impact on the thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of the surfactant in typical harsh reservoir conditions (high salinity, high temperature).

scholarly journals Co‐Evaporated MAPbI 3 : Excellent Intrinsic Long‐Term Thermal Stability of Co‐Evaporated MAPbI 3 Solar Cells at 85 °C (Adv. Funct. Mater. 22/2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 2170155
Author(s):  
Herlina Arianita Dewi ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Bhumika Chaudhary ◽  
Nripan Mathews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Glycidyl Metharcylate/Phaytic Acid-Based on Bagasse Xylan Composite Derivative

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2084
Author(s):  
Mingkun Li ◽  
Heping Li ◽  
Hongli Liu ◽  
Zhiming Zou ◽  
Chaoyu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition

The development of natural biomass materials with excellent properties is an attractive way to improve the application range of natural polysaccharides. Bagasse Xylan (BX) is a natural polysaccharide with various biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, etc. Its physic-chemical and biological properties can be improved by functionalization. For this purpose, a novel glycidyl metharcylate/phytic acid based on a BX composite derivative was synthesized by a free radical polymerization technique with glycidyl metharcylate (GMA; GMABX) and further esterification with phytic acid (PA; GMABX-PA) in ionic liquid. The effects of the reaction conditions (i.e., temperature, time, initiator concentration, catalyst concentration, GMA concentration, PA concentration, mass of ionic liquid) on grafting rate(G), conversion rate(C) and degree of substitution(DS) are discussed. The structure of the composite material structure was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and XRD. SEM confirmed the particle morphology of the composite derivative. The thermal stability of GMABX-PA was determined by TG-DTG. Molecular docking was further performed to study the combination mode of the GMABX-PA into the active site of two lung cancer proteins (5XNV, 2EB2) and a blood cancer protein (2M6N). In addition, tumor cell proliferation inhibition assays for BX, GMABX-PA were carried out using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetraz -olium bromide (MTT) method. The results showed that various reaction conditions exhibited favorable gradient curves, and that a maximum G of 56% for the graft copolymerization and a maximum DS of 0.267 can be achieved. The thermal stability was significantly improved, as demonstrated by the fact that there was still 60% residual at 800 °C. The molecular docking software generated satisfactory results with regard to the evaluated binding energy and combining sites. The inhibition ratio of GMABX-PA on NCI-H460 (lung cancer cells) reached 29.68% ± 4.45%, which is five times higher than that of BX. Therefore, the material was shown to be a potential candidate for biomedical applications as well as for use as a heat resistant material.

Infiltration of de-icing road salts in aquifers: the Trois-Rivières-Ouest case, Quebec, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2186-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Locat ◽  
Pierre Gélinas
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Linear Source ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Road Salts ◽  
Hydrogeological Investigation ◽  
Spring Snowmelt ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

The results of an extensive hydrogeological investigation of the effects of de-icing road salts on Highway 55 near Trois-Rivières-Ouest indicate that a salt lens with chloride concentrations exceeding 800 mg/L exists below the highway. Maximum chloride concentration at the nearby pumping wells, not exceeding 140 mg/L, is reached only in late summer, whereas the maximum chloride infiltration follows the spring snowmelt. About 1 year's worth of road salts is retained in the unsaturated zone. The salt lens, in the upper part of the aquifer beneath the highway, has developed to a thickness of 8 m and a width of 400 m and constitutes a linear source of salts for the aquifer. The shape of this lens is distorted by the action of the pumping wells, and the lens is partly depleted by the end of the summer. Because of the particular characteristics of the aquifer at the site studied and the exploitation methods, no long-term threat to the water quality is foreseen.

scholarly journals Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk for High Performance Supercapacitor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaxing Xu ◽  
Biao Gao ◽  
Hao Cao ◽  
Xueyang Chen ◽  
Ling Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Nanoporous Activated Carbon

Nanoporous activated carbon material was produced from the waste rice husks (RHs) by precarbonizing RHs and activating with KOH. The morphology, structure, and specific surface area were investigated. The nanoporous carbon has the average pore size of 2.2 nm and high specific area of 2523.4 m2 g−1. The specific capacitance of the nanoporous carbon is calculated to be 250 F g−1at the current density of 1 A g−1and remains 80% for 198 F g−1at the current density of 20 A g−1. The nanoporous carbon electrode exhibits long-term cycle life and could keep stable capacitance till 10,000 cycles. The consistently high specific capacitance, rate capacity, and long-term cycle life ability makes it a potential candidate as electrode material for supercapacitor.

One-Pot Synthesis of Water Soluble, Extremely Small-Sized Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Li Hua Shen ◽  
Ting Shang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Mri Contrast

Extremely small-sized superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles of 3Cit). The resulting Cit-coated magnetite nanoparticles exhibited long-term colloidal stability in aqueous media without any surface modification. Regarding the magnetic properties, the nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature, and might be the potential candidate for MRI contrast agents.

Application of Hybrid Biosystems for Stimulation of Oil Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghir Alakbar Suleimanov ◽  
Sabina Jahangir Rzayeva ◽  
Ulviyya Tahir Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Subcritical Region ◽  
Slippage Effect ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

Abstract Microbial enhanced oil recovery is considered to be one of the most promising methods of stimulating formation, contributing to a higher level of oil production from long-term fields. The injection of bioreagents into a reservoir results in the creation of oil-dicing agents along with significant amount of gases, mainly carbon dioxide. In early, the authors failed to study the preparation of self-gasified biosystems and the implementation of the subcritical region (SR) under reservoir conditions. Gasified systems in the subcritical phase have better oil-displacing properties than non-gasified systems. The slippage effect determines the behavior of gas–liquid systems in the SR under reservoir conditions. Slippage occurs more easily when the pore channel has a smaller average radius. Therefore, in a heterogeneous porous medium, the filtration profile of gasified liquids in the SR should be more uniform than for a degassed liquid. The theoretical and practical foundations for the preparation of single-phase self-gasified biosystems and the implementation of the SR under reservoir conditions have been developedSR under reservoir conditions. Based on experimental studies, the superior efficiency of oil displacement by gasified biosystems compared with degassed ones has been demonstrated. The possibility of efficient use of gasified hybrid biopolymer systems has been shown.

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