Quantitative Analysis of Reaction-Rate Retardation in Surfactant-Based Acids

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Abdullah M. Al-Mohammed ◽  
Ali D. Al-Aamri ◽  
Musaed A. Al-Fahad ◽  
Frank F. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Rate Retardation

scholarly journals Reaction Rate Retardation as a Method for Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme Measurement

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela B Brown ◽  
K O Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Rate Retardation ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme

A method for serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes using an enzyme reaction rate analyser is described. The complete urea-induced degradation of enzyme activity is monitored, from which individual isoenzyme activities are obtained by calculating the constituent exponential components of the degradation curve. Activities have been measured with adequate sensitivity and selectivity for up to four isoenzyme components in normal and in pathological sera. The identity of each isoenzyme present is assigned from its characteristic degradation half-life, and by this method bone and liver alkaline phosphatase are clearly distinguished and quantitated, and a composite value for placental-intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity is obtained. The approach promises to be applicable to a wide range of isoenzymes, and in analogy with ‘reaction rate’ the term ‘reaction rate retardation’ is suggested for the procedure.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of micellar effect on the reaction rate of alkaline fading of phenolphthalein

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Hydroxide Ion ◽  
Micellar Systems ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Quantitative Treatment ◽  
Micellar Effect

Quantitative treatment of the kinetic data of the reaction between phenolphthalein dianion and hydroxide ion in aqueous solutions containing variable concentration of various surfactants is presented. Following surfactants are used: Brij-35 (nonionic), sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (anionic), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic) and 3-(dimethyl-n-dodecylammonio)-propansulfonate (zwitterionic). The quantitative treatment is carried out basing of Piszkiewicz’s, Berezin’s, and Pseudophase Ion-Exchange (PIE) models. It is revealed that the Berezin’s model is a more applicable one for describing the effect of nonionic, anionic, and zwitterionic micellar systems. The values of the corresponding kinetic parameters are discussed. The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide on the reaction is also examined and quantitatively described by the PIE model. The research of systems based on a cationic surfactant shows previously unknown effect called by us as “diverting influence”.

New Precursors for the Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Aluminum Nitride

1988 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Gladfelter ◽  
David C. Boyd ◽  
Jen-WeI Hwang ◽  
Richard T. Haasch ◽  
John F. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Activation Barrier ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
A Value

ABSTRACTOrganometallic aluminum azides have been found to be effective precursors for the low temperature chemical vapor deposition of thin films of aluminum nitride. Quantitative analysis of the gas phase products of the reaction are used to develop an understanding of the reaction. Rate studies of the deposition were performed in the temperature range from 400 to 800°C. Below 525°C, an activation barrier of 26.4 kcal/mol was found, while above 525°C, a value of 5.23 kcal/mol was obtained. The effects of the presence of N-C bonds and the type of Al-N interaction within the precursor are evaluated.

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

Lateral resolution of the electron microbeam analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
H.J. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Cylindrical Particle ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

The chemical inhomogenities in modern materials such as fibers, phases and inclusions, often have diameters in the region of one micrometer. Using electron microbeam analysis for the determination of the element concentrations one has to know the smallest possible diameter of such regions for a given accuracy of the quantitative analysis.In th is paper the correction procedure for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis is extended to a spacial problem to determine the smallest possible measurements of a cylindrical particle P of high D (depth resolution) and diameter L (lateral resolution) embeded in a matrix M and which has to be analysed quantitative with the accuracy q. The mathematical accounts lead to the following form of the characteristic x-ray intens ity of the element i of a particle P embeded in the matrix M in relation to the intensity of a standard S

An example of spectrum imaging used for comparison of EELS quantitative analysis techniques on Al-Li

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Difference Spectrum ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Normal Spectrum ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Spectrum-imaging is a useful technique for comparing different processing methods on very large data sets which are identical for each method. This paper is concerned with comparing methods of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) quantitative analysis on the Al-Li system. The spectrum-image analyzed here was obtained from an Al-10at%Li foil aged to produce δ' precipitates that can span the foil thickness. Two 1024 channel EELS spectra offset in energy by 1 eV were recorded and stored at each pixel in the 80x80 spectrum-image (25 Mbytes). An energy range of 39-89eV (20 channels/eV) are represented. During processing the spectra are either subtracted to create an artifact corrected difference spectrum, or the energy offset is numerically removed and the spectra are added to create a normal spectrum. The spectrum-images are processed into 2D floating-point images using methods and software described in [1].

The use of a Bent Grid to Improve the take-Off Angle for Electron Probe Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
David Leaffer
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Probe Analysis

There are certain advantages for electron probe analysis if the sample can be tilted directly towards the detector. The count rate is higher, it optimizes the geometry since only one angle need be taken into account for quantitative analysis and the signal to background ratio is improved. The need for less tilt angle may be an advantage because the grid bars are not moved quite as close to each other, leaving a little more open area for observation. Our present detector (EDAX) and microscope (Philips 300) combination precludes moving the detector behind the microscope where it would point directly at the grid. Therefore, the angle of the specimen was changed in order to optimize the geometry between the specimen and the detector.

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