scholarly journals Waste cooking oil as substrate for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate): Turning waste into a value-added product

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilah, H. ◽  
Tsuge,T. ◽  
Yang, T. A. ◽  
Sudesh, K.
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value

scholarly journals Catalytic conversion of alcohol-waste vegetable oil mixtures over aluminosilicate catalysts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elvis Tinashe Ganda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Catalyst Systems

Thermochemical catalytic conversion of ethanol-waste cooking oil (eth-WCO) mixtures was studied over synthesised aluminosilicate catalysts HZSM-5, FeHZSM-5 and NiHZSM-5. The thermochemical reactions were carried out at temperatures of 400° and 450°C at a fixed weight hourly space velocity of 2.5 h-1 in a fixed bed reactor system. Successful conversion of the eth-WCO mixtures was carried out over the synthesised catalyst systems and in order to fully understand the influence of the catalysts, several techniques were used to characterise the synthesised materials which include XRD, SEM, EDS, BET techniques. Results of the catalyst characterisation showed that highly crystalline solid material had been formed as evidenced by the high relative crystallinity in comparison with the commercial HZSM-5 catalyst at 2θ peak values of 7°- 9° and 23°- 24°. The introduction of metals decreased the intensity of the peaks leading to lower values of relative crystallinity of 88% and 90% for FeHZSM-5 and NiHZSM-5, respectively. However this was even slightly higher than the commercial sample which had a value of 86% with respect to HZSM-5 synthesised catalyst taken as reference material. There was no significant change in XRD patterns due to the introduction of metal. Elemental analysis done with energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the presence of the metal promoters (Fe, Ni) and the Si/Al ratio obtained from this technique was 38 compared to the target ratio of 50 set out initially in the synthesis. From the SEM micrographs the morphology of the crystals could be described as regular agglomerated sheet like material. Surface area analysis showed that highly microporous crystals had been synthesised with lower external surface area values ranging from 57.23 m2/g - 100.82 m2/g compared to the microporous surface area values ranging from 195.96 m2/g to 212.51 m2/g. For all catalyst employed in this study high conversions were observed with values of over 93 %, almost total conversion was achieved for some samples with values as high as 99.6 % with FeHZSM-5 catalysts. Despite the high level of conversion the extent of deoxygenation varied with lower values recorded for FeHZSM-5 (25%WCO) at 400°C and NiHZSM-5 (75%WCO) at 450°C with oxygenated hydrocarbons of 19.5% and 19.33% respectively. The organic liquid product yield comprised mostly of aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene, p-xylene and naphthalene) decreased with the introduction of metal promoters with NiHZSM-5 producing higher yields than FeHZSM-5. For the pure waste cooking oil (WCO) feedstock the parent catalyst HZSM-5 had a liquid yield of 50% followed by NiHZSM-5 with 44% and lastly FeHZSM-5 had 40% at 400°C which may be seen to follow the pattern of loss of relative crystallinity. An increase in operating temperature to 450°C lowered the quantity of organic liquid product obtained in the same manner with the HZSM-5 parent catalyst still having the highest yield of 38% followed by Ni-HZSM-5 with 36% and Fe-HZSM-5 having a value of 30% for pure waste cooking oil feedstock which may be attributed to thermally induced secondary cracking reactions. For all catalyst systems with an increase in the content of waste cooking oil from 25% to 100% in the feed mixture there was a linearly increasing trend of the liquid product yield. HZSM-5 catalyst increased from 14% to 50% while FeHZSM-5 increased from 16% to 40% and NiHZSM-5 increased from 12% to 44% at a temperature setting of 400°C with lower values observed at 450°C.Results obtained in this study show the potential of producing aromatics for fuel and chemical use with highly microporous zeolite from waste material such as waste cooking oil forming part of the feedstock.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as A Mixture of Polyol Sourcein. The Production of Polyurethane Using Toluene Diisocyanate

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Maulida Lubis ◽  
Mara Bangun Harahap ◽  
Iriany Iriany ◽  
Muhammad Hendra S. Ginting ◽  
Iqbal Navissyah Lazuardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Stirring Time

Cooking oil waste that has been disposed could contamine the environment. However, if it is processed well, it can potentially become a raw material of polyurethane. The aim of this study was to determine the best polyurethane on the tensile strength, impact strength, elongation at break, water absorption, characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The variables used in this study were ambient process temperature with 440 rpm stirring speed, 1-minute stirring time, the ratio of polyoland WCO was 7:3 (% w/w), and the ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and WCO was 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4 (% w/w). The results obtained from the analysis of the best tensile strength against the polyurethane synthetic was in the 1:1 ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with a value of 0.403 MPa. The best impact strength was in the ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with 1:4 (% w/w) with a value of 600.975 J/m2. The best elongation at break against polyurethane foam synthetic was in the 1:3 ratio of mixture variations of oil and TDI with a value of 4.506%.

scholarly journals KRITERIA RUMAH MAKAN SUPPLIER MINYAK JELANTAH DALAM RANGKA PERENCANAAN BAHAN BAKU BIODIESEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
D.U.M. Susilo ◽  
Th. Candra Wasis A.S. ◽  
Zakwan .
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The City

The using of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly fuel has received attention from consumers to producers. So, a lot of research was done on the potential raw material to become biodiesel. One of the raw materials for biodiesel was waste cooking oil. Pontianak City have many sources including waste cooking oil from restaurants. Therefore restaurants in the city of Pontianak might be used as suppliers of waste cooking oil in biodiesel production. This study aims to determine the priority of criteria and sub-criteria for restaurants as suppliers and determine good restaurants as suppliers of used cooking in Pontianak City . Purposive technique sampling using a sample of 61 house dining, interviewed to obtain alternative data suppliers. Expert survey questionnaire contains priority weighting of criteria and supplier criteria, analyzed using AHP ( Analytic Hierarchy Process ). Grouping of restaurants based on alternative supplier values ​​is used to determine good restaurants to be suppliers. The priority criteria for restaurants as consecutive suppliers are experience (0.289), quality (0.279), capacity (0.231), service (0.148) and price (0.053). Sub-criteria priority of restaurants as suppliers in a row is the time span of used cooking oil sold(0.161), length of time used cooking oil (0.155), income (0.129), type of cooking oil (0.107), type of fried food products (0.092), volume of cooking oil (0.090), frying volume (0.085), transaction convenience (0.082), subject to used cooking oil (0.056), used cooking oil price (0.030) and ease of payment (0.013). A value of ≥ 0.325 is a dining value that shows a very better priority as a supplier. The number of restaurants as suppliers is 8 % of the population of restaurants in the city of Pontianak..

scholarly journals Ethanol Production from Wheat Straw Hydrolysate by Issatchenkia Orientalis Isolated from Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Alexander Zwirzitz ◽  
Lauren Alteio ◽  
Daniel Sulzenbacher ◽  
Michael Atanasoff ◽  
Manuel Selg
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Issatchenkia Orientalis ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Wheat Straw Hydrolysate

The interest in using non-conventional yeasts to produce value-added compounds from low cost substrates, such as lignocellulosic materials, has increased in recent years. Setting out to discover novel microbial strains that can be used in biorefineries, an Issatchenkia orientalis strain was isolated from waste cooking oil (WCO) and its capability to produce ethanol from wheat straw hydrolysate (WSHL) was analyzed. As with previously isolated I. orientalis strains, WCO-isolated I. orientalis KJ27-7 is thermotolerant. It grows well at elevated temperatures up to 42 °C. Furthermore, spot drop tests showed that it is tolerant to various chemical fermentation inhibitors that are derived from the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials. I. orientalis KJ27-7 is particularly tolerant to acetic acid (up to 75 mM) and tolerates 10 mM formic acid, 5 mM furfural and 10 mM hydroxymethylfurfural. Important for biotechnological cellulosic ethanol production, I. orientalis KJ27-7 grows well on plates containing up to 10% ethanol and media containing up to 90% WSHL. As observed in shake flask fermentations, the specific ethanol productivity correlates with WSHL concentrations. In 90% WSHL media, I. orientalis KJ27-7 produced 10.3 g L−1 ethanol within 24 h. This corresponds to a product yield of 0.50 g g−1 glucose (97% of the theoretical maximum) and a volumetric productivity of 0.43 g L−1 h−1. Therefore, I. orientalis KJ27-7 is an efficient producer of lignocellulosic ethanol from WSHL.

scholarly journals Characterisation of used cooking oil (UCO) and orange peels as the medium of insect repellent

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Puteri Nur Syareena Saifuddin ◽  
Harumi Veny
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Orange Peels ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value

Used cooking oil (UCO) is abundant waste oil in Malaysia, due to its daily use in frying food. The proper way to dispose UCO is yet to be found and creating awareness among Malaysians on disposing and recycling UCO required a long period of time. Therefore, alternative needs to be taken to solve this issue by transforming UCO into a value-added product such as insect repellent. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate the presence of active functional chemical compounds in UCO and orange (Citrus sinensis) peels powder (limonene) that would help to transform UCO into a repellent. Based on GC-MS analysis, there was presence of fatty acids in UCO such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), myristic acid (C14:0) and capric acid (C10:0). FTIR analysis has proven that orange (Citrus sinensis) peels powder contained limonene compound due to presence of alkene (C=C) group. The results of UCO and orange peels analysis, as well as comparison made with previous studies show that UCO and orange peels powder are potential to be the medium of insect repellent.

scholarly journals Production and added value of waste cooking oil product derivatives in the Bali Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Anom Yuarini ◽  
Ganda Putra ◽  
AAPA Suryawan Wiranatha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
The Government ◽  
Derivative Products ◽  
Value Added Products

Waste cooking oil or waste cooking oil (WCO) is the remaining oil (or by-products) produced during food frying. In 2019, the cooking oil consumption in Bali Province was 4,735,057 L/month and the WCO produced was estimated about 3,314,540 L/month. The Government of Bali plans to manage WCO in an integrated manner WCO in an integrated manner by processing it as derivative products with economic value. The study aimed to transform WCO into high-value added products (i.e. aromatherapy candles, liquid soap, and biodiesel), and to analyze their economy valued added. The Hayami method was used to determine the economyvalue added of each product. The results showed that WCO was most widely used in producing biodiesel (84%), candle (17%), and liquid soap (10%). Based on the Hayami method, the added value from candle products was IDR. 4,838 / kg (or added value ratio of 9.68%), was classified as a low added product. The added value of liquid soap was IDR 8,495/kg (or added value ratio of 47.38%), classified as a high added value product. While, biodiesel products generating the added value of IDR 2,363/kg (or added value ratio of 25.57%), classified as a medium added value product.

scholarly journals Eco-efficiency analysis of waste cooking oil recycling into liquid dish soap using life cycle assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
S Hartini ◽  
Y Widharto ◽  
S R Indarto ◽  
G Murdikaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooling Method

Abstract Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is an oil with a chemical composition containing carcinogenic compounds formed during frying and unsaturated fatty acids. Improper handling of WCO can cause environmental pollution, especially water and soil. However, several studies have provided information that WCO can be recycled into products that are more value-added and have economic potential. Previous research has succeeded in finding the best combination of treatments for making soap from waste cooking oil that meets the standards of SNI 06-2048-1990, namely with a concentration of 22.5% KOH, cooling method and adsorption of activated charcoal and kepok banana peels. This study intends to analyze the environmental impact if WCO is recycled into liquid dish soap. The analysis was carried out using Life Cycle Assessment with the help of simapro software. The recycling process has the most significant impact on indicators of climate change and acidification. The eco-efficiency index is included in the affordable and sustainable categories.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Pathways for Utilizing Glycerol Derived From Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwe Sin Win ◽  
Swati Hegde ◽  
Thomas A. Trabold
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Crude (i.e., unrefined) glycerol is the major by-product of biodiesel production, based on the homogeneous alkaline catalytic transesterification reaction. Currently, global biodiesel production capacity has been rising rapidly due to the overall growth of renewable energy demand. The amount of glycerol is increasing in parallel, and there is presently little market value for crude glycerol. In addition, disposing of this material via conventional methods becomes one of the major environmental issues and a burden for biodiesel manufacturers. Thus, utilization of purified glycerol in value-added applications such as food processing, cosmetics, soap and pharmaceuticals is critical to achieve economic scale of biodiesel production. In this paper, various pathways available to community-based biodiesel producers have been modeled to inform the decision-making process. A case study at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) was selected to evaluate the proposed system. Different pathways of utilizing crude glycerol were investigated, and economic feasibility of each pathway was analyzed. Purification of crude glycerol from waste cooking oil-based-biodiesel production was performed at small bench scale. Various recipes with different raw materials and purified glycerol as an ingredient were created for different kinds of saponification processes and applications. The resulting data from this preliminary assessment showed that producing biodiesel and high-quality soap is the most profitable option for RIT.

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