scholarly journals Una historia de la enseñanza de la natación en la Educación Física vista a través de los currículos reales de los profesores de campo en Francia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Auvray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Antecedentes: En educación fïsica, como en otras materias, son conocidos y aplicados los estudios de personas de relevancia nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, los docentes anónimos, que en definitiva son los que aplican el currículo y le dan un carácter real, tienen mucho que decir en este sentido. La inclusión de la natación dentro de la materia de educación física ha sufrido una gran evolución a lo largo de los años, y son los profesores de campo los que más tienen que aportar al respecto.Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue dar cuenta de una investigación histórica sobre la evolución, según una población de profesores de educación física anónimos, de prácticas educativas escolares relacionadas con la natación en Educación Secundaria (Bachillerato, Educación Secundaria Obligatoria) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX.Método: Se ha llevado a cabo una encuesta por cuestionario semiestructurado, completado con los testimonios escritos, y los registrosimpresos privados y semi-oficiales, donde han participado un total de 158 profesores de diferentes niveles educativos pertenecientes a 25 academinas educativas.Resultados: Se desprende de este estudio una periodización constituida en tres periodos: una natación utilitaria (1945-1959), una natación a la sombra de la natación deportiva federativa (1960-1986), y una natación que gira sobre ella misma (1987-2000). Además, a nivel local, existe una diversidad relativa de currículos reales, que sin embargo siguen estando basados en los currículos nacionales formales de educación física.Conclusiones: Concretamente, la disparidad curricular (real-oficial) parece estar relacionada con un conjunto de variables que dependen a nivel macro de los diferentes recorridos biográficos personales y profesionales de los profesores de campo; a nivel meso a los contextos educativos locales; y a nivel micro a la evolución en la identidad de la educación física y discursos sobre la pedagogía y la didáctica de la natación. Esta disparidad real nos hace cuestionarnos la democratización efectiva de la educación física a nivel nacional frente al lema de la República francesa "libertad, igualdad y fraternidad”.Palabras clave: Natación, historia, educación física y deportiva, curriculum y prácticas pedagógicas.Title: A history of the teaching of swimming in France in physical education seen through the real curricules of field teachersAbstractBackground: In physical education as in other subjects, the studies of people of national and international relevance are known and applied.However, anonymous teachers, who are ultimately those who apply the curriculum and give it a real character, have much to say in thisregard. The inclusion of swimming within the subject of physical education has undergone a great evolution over the years, and fieldteachers are the ones who have to contribute the most.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to account for a historical research on the evolution, according to a population of anonymousphysical education teachers, of school educational practices related to swimming in Secondary Education (Baccalaureate, CompulsorySecondary Education) in 25 academies, during the second half of the 20th century.Method: A survey was carried out by semi-structured questionnaire, completed with written testimonies, and private and semi-officialprinted records, where a total of 158 teachers of different educational levels belonging to 25 educational academinas participated.Results: Results: it is clear from this study a periodization constituted in three periods: a swimming of survival (1945-1959), a swimming inthe shadow of the federative sports swimming (1960-1986), and a swimming that turns on itself (1987 -2000). In addition, at the local level,there is a relative diversity of real curricula, which nonetheless continue to be based on formal national physical education curricula.Conclusions: Specifically, the curricular disparity (real-official) seems to be related to a set of variables that depend at the macro level of thedifferent personal and professional biographical paths of the field teachers; at a meso level to local educational contexts; and at the microlevel, the evolution in the identity of Physical Education and discourses on pedagogy and the didactic of swimming. This real disparity makesus question the effective democratization of physical education at the national level against the motto of the French Republic "freedom,equality and fraternity".Keywords: Swimming, history, physical and sports education, curriculum and pedagogical practices.Titulo: Uma história do ensino da natação na França na educação física visto através dos curriculos reais de professores de campoResumoAntecedentes: Na educação física, como em outros assuntos, são conhecidos e aplicados os estudos de pessoas de relevância nacional einternacional. No entanto, professores anônimos, que são, finalmente, aqueles que aplicam o currículo e dão um caráter real, têm muito adizer a este respeito. A inclusão da natação no sujeito da educação física sofreu uma ótima evolução ao longo dos anos, e professores decampo são os que têm de contribuir mais.Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é explicar uma pesquisa histórica sobre a evolução, de acordo com uma população de professoresanônimos de educação física, de práticas educacionais escolares relacionadas à natação em Ensino Secundário (Bacharelado em EnsinoSecundário Obrigatório) em 25 academias, durante a segunda metade do século XX.Método: uma pesquisa foi realizada por questionário semi-estruturado, completo com testemunhos escritos e registros impressos privadose semi-oficiais, onde participaram 158 professores de diferentes níveis educacionais pertencentes a 25 academias educacionais.Resultados: é claro a partir deste estudo uma periodização constituída em três períodos: um nado de sobrevivência (1945-1959), umanatação à sombra da natação desportiva federativa (1960-1986) e uma natação que gira sobre si mesma (1987 -2000). Além disso, a nívellocal, há uma diversidade relativa de currículos reais, que, no entanto, continuam a ser baseados em currículos nacionais formais deeducação física.Conclusões: especificamente, a disparidade curricular (real-oficial) parece estar relacionada a um conjunto de variáveis que dependem donível macro dos diferentes caminhos biográficos pessoais e profissionais dos professores de campo; em um nível meso para contextoseducacionais locais; e no nível micro, a evolução na identidade da Educação Física e os discursos sobre pedagogia e a didática da natação.Essa disparidade real nos faz questionar a democratização efetiva da educação física a nível nacional diante do lema da República Francesa"liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade".Palavras-chave: natação, história, educação física e esportiva, currículo e práticas pedagógicas.

LITERARY ROMANTICISM AS A THEORETICAL ISSUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Vera V. Serdechnaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of literary romanticism. The research aims at a refinement of the “romanticism” concept in relation to the history of the literary process. The main research methods include conceptual analysis, textual analysis, comparative historical research. The author analyzes the semantic genesis of the term “romanticism”, various interpretations of the concept, compares the definitions of different periods and cultures. The main results of the study are as follows. The history of the term “romanticism” shows a change in a number of definitions for the same concept in relation to the same literary phenomena. By the end of the 20th century, realizing the existence of significant contradictions in the content of the term “romanticism”, researchers often come to abandon it. At the same time, the steady use of the term “romanticism” testifies to the subject-conceptual component that exists in it, which does not lose its relevance, but just needs a theoretical refinement. Conclusion: one have to revise an approach to romanticism as a theoretical concept, based on the change in the concept of an individual in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It is the newly discovered freedom of an individual predetermines the rethinking for the image of the author as a creator and determines the artistic features of literary romanticism.

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis in France: Between Regulation of Practices and Professional Autonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ville
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Scientific Framework

Prenatal diagnosis (PND) was introduced in France in the 1970s on the initiative of medical researchers and clinicians. For many years the regulation of practices was self-imposed, decentralised and idiosyncratic. The advent of ‘therapeutic modernity’ in the 1990s gave rise to an ethical, legal and scientific framework designed to homogenise PND at a national level, with the creation of multidisciplinary centres (CPDPN) and theAgence de la biomédecine. This article first recovers the history of PND in France. It then compares the activities of two CPDPNs, using ethnographic fieldwork and by analysing national quantitative data compiled by theAgence. It argues that the official policy of nationally homogeneous practices is not born out in practice, at the local level. This lack of homogeneity is most apparent in the number of authorisations for pregnancy termination due to foetal malformation, which varies considerably from one centre to another. Rooted in local culture, this variation relates to organisational methods, decision-making processes and variable levels of tolerance towards the risk of disability. Foetal medicine practitioners, thus, maintain a certain amount of autonomy that is collective rather than individual and that is reflected in the particular ‘identity’ of a given centre.

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) after twenty years

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-306 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
British History ◽  
Arithmetical Property ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Many

1990 marks the vicesenary of the death of Bertrand Russell, in his 98th year; and this arithmetical property is sufficient reason to review the historical research that has been published on his life and work during the past 20 years. During his long life he had already become the subject of historical research in many of his activities; but this interest accelerated considerably around the time of his death because in the mid 1960s he had decided to sell the bulk of his manuscripts, to raise money to finance his current projects. One of these was the series of conferences financed by the Canadian industrialist Cyrus Eaton, which began at his birthplace of Pugwash, in Nova Scotia. An alumnus of McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Eaton announced that he would put forward a considerable sum of his own money if the papers went to McMaster. Some deft work by the librarian there secured the rest of the required capital, and the papers were purchased in 1968. Thus was created the ‘Bertrand Russell Archives’, as Russell insisted it be called, rejecting the original appellation of ‘Archive’; it is a major resource for British history of Russell’s time, and for the many other concerns in which he was involved. Soon after its launch in 1972, the first Russell conference at McMaster took place, to commemorate the centenary of his birth; its proceedings were published as a book four years later.

scholarly journals Den norske videobutikken: 1979–2017

Nordlit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Øfsti
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Home Entertainment ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
Trade Magazines ◽  
Selection Of

De første norske videobutikkene åpnet dørene i 1979 og de siste stengte i 2017. I løpet av denne tidsperioden rakk de å bryte NRKs monopol på film og tv-serier i hjemmet, de ble utskjelt, de ble en av de viktigste kulturinstitusjonene i landet og de tilbød et relativt stort utvalg i film. Ved å studere bransjeblader, annonser, lokalaviser og kommunale arkiver tegner denne artikkelen et bilde av de norske videobutikkenes historie på nasjonalt plan og utdyper dette med en lokal case.The first Norwegian video-stores opened its doors in 1979 and the last ones closed in 2017. During this time, they were the first to break the state monopoly on filmed home entertainment. The video-stores became notorious, but they also established themselves as some of the most important cultural institutions in the country, with a relatively wide selection of films to offer customers. By studying trade magazines, advertisements, local newspapers and local council archives, this article traces the history of the Norwegian video-stores on a national level and, through the use of one case example, on a local level.

scholarly journals Emde, Coolen, dan Istrinya: Analisis Gender dan Relasi Kuasa dalam Pekabaran Injil di Jawa Timur (1812-1848)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Theofani Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This article aims to build awareness of the gender equality issues in the history of Christianity through historical research. The subject of the research is the history of missions in East Java, especially in 1812-1848. Therefore, this study employs an analysis of gender and power relations both through feminist theory initiated by Kwok Pui Lan and also orientalism theory brought by Edward Said in examining the history of mission in East Java on that period. The characters appointed as the research subjects are Johannes Emde and Coenrad Laurens Coolen, along with their wives and children. They are the pioneers in introducing the gospel to the Javanese in East Java, thus become the foundations of the Christian community in East Java. In particular, the life of Emde and Coolen are so intertwined with the history of the East Java Christian Church (GKJW). However, there is a gender gap found in the mission by Emde and Coolen. In response, this research is conducted to keep building the awareness of gender justice as the history of Christianity carry on.AbstrakTulisan ini adalah bentuk upaya membangun kesadaran terhadap keadilan gender atas sejarah Kekristenan melalui penelitian pada sejarah pekabaran Injil di Jawa Timur khususnya pada tahun 1812-1848. Untuk itu penelitian ini menggunakan analisis gender dan relasi kuasa melalui teori feminis yang digagas oleh Kwok Pui Lan dan teori orientalisme yang dibawa oleh Edward Said dalam menelaah sejarah pekabaran Injil di Jawa Timur pada periode tersebut. Tokoh-tokoh yang diangkat adalah Johannes Emde dan Coenrad Laurens Coolen, beserta istri dan anaknya. Mereka memiliki andil besar dalam mengenalkan Injil dan menjadi pondasi komunitas Kristen di Jawa Timur. Utamanya tokoh Emde dan Coolen yang begitu melekat pada sejarah Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW). Namun dalam proses pekabaran Injil yang dilakukan oleh Emde dan Coolen lekat dengan ketimpangan gender. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan supaya terus terbangun kesadaran pada keadilan gender dalam membaca dan melanjutkan sejarah Kekristenan di mana saja.

Is Globalisation Yesterday’s News?

Itinerario ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
A. G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

Globalisation is now a fashionable topic of historical research. Books and articles routinely use the term, though often in a loose manner that has yet to realise the full potential of the subject. The question arises as to whether globalisation, as currently applied by historians, is sufficiently robust to resist inevitable changes in historiographical fashion. The fact that globalisation is a process and not a single theory opens the way, not only to over-general applications of the term, but also to rich research possibilities derived in particular from other social sciences. One such prospect, which ought to be at the centre of all historians’ interests, is how to categorise the evolution of the process. This question, which has yet to stimulate the lively debate it needs, is explored here by identifying three successive phases or sequences between the eighteenth century and the present, and joining them to the history of the empires that were their principal agents. These phases, termed proto-globalisation, modern globalisation, and postcolonial globalisation provide the context for reviewing the history of the West, including the United States, and in principle of the wider world too.

scholarly journals Thoughts on a Pedagogy OF Complexity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

There is now a developed and extensive literature on the implications of the ‘complexity frame of reference’ (Castellani & Hafferty, 2009) for education in general and pedagogy in particular. This includes a wide range of interesting contributions which consider how complexity can inform, inter alia, research on educational systems (Cochran-Smith et al., 2014; Radford, 2008) and theories of learning (Mercer, 2011; Fromberg, 2010), as well as work dealing with specific pedagogical domains including physical education (Atencio et al., 2014, Tan et al. 2010), clinical education and in particular the learning of clinical teams (Noel et al., 2013; Bleakley, 2010; Gonnering, 2010), and learning in relation to systems engineering (Thompson et al., 2011, Foster et al., 2001). This material has contributed considerably to my thinking about the subject matter of this essay which is not the implications of complexity for pedagogy but rather how we might develop a pedagogy OF complexity and, more specifically, a pedagogy of what Morin (2008) has called ‘general’ (as opposed to ‘restricted’) complexity. In other words how should we teach the complexity frame of reference to students at all appropriate educational levels?

THE FALL OF SAWAHLUNTO (Studi tentang Pengaruh Gejolak Ekonomi-Politik Global terhadap Perkembangan sebuah Kota Lokal, 1930-1940an)

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Dedi Arsa
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

Sawahlunto is a mining town that enjoyed the glory due to coal exploitation by the Dutch colonial government which began in the 1880s. But in the early 1930s to the end of the 1940s, triggered by successive world economic crises (malaise) and various political upheavals during and some time after the Pacific War, this city has experienced a number of long downturns. This paper looks at the effect of economic decline and political turmoil on a city, in this case the City of Sawahlunto as a mining city. Using modern historical methods (historiography, interpretation, interpretation and writing), with an approach to the history of the city, this article reveals several things: First, in the 1930s, due to the world's crisis, coal production was dimming, this caused no new development of the city. Second, in 1942 the Pacific War took place, Japan ruled over the mining company, and Sawahlunto became worse off. Third, after Indonesia gained its independence until the end of the 1960s, Sawalunto did not receive significant improvements, except for a few rebuilt infrastructures. Thus, economic sluggishness and political riot at the global [and national] level have had a direct influence on a city at the local level.

The Map in Urban History

Urban History ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 11-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Carter
Keyword(s):  
Urban History ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Historic Archaeology ◽  
Locational Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early Maps

To the historian the map has traditionally been used as little more than a descriptive or illustrative device which helped clarity of exposition by enabling events to be located, campaigns comprehended and treaties interpreted. It was not in itself regarded as a critical instrument of analysis, other than in highly specialized, peripheral studies such as the history of exploration. Maps simply illustrated arguments based on documentary evidence; the map as a document, original or secondary, was regarded with great suspicion. Undoubtedly the inaccuracy of early maps was partly to blame, especially to an historian more concerned with delineatory accuracy than with what was contemporary perception of the world. But even if historical maps were acceptable in evidence, the derivation of conclusions from mapped material was barely permissible and usually, in reviews, the subject of severe warning if not actual stricture. These attitudes have largely disappeared over the last decade in line with changes in direction of historical research. Perhaps the earlier influence came from pre-historic archaeology, where in the nature of things there was no documentary evidence and inference had to be made from the distribution of characteristic artifacts. This, in itself, taking its methodology from geographical or locational analysis, has been translated into a study adopting sophisticated methods for the analysis of distribution patterns. Another important influence has been the majestic work of H. C. Darby in interpreting Domesday in cartographic terms and thereby demonstrating the significance of such an approach to a widely known historical document. Even so, it is in urban history that the use of map evidence and mapped material has made the greatest impact.

Taiwanese Distant-Water Fisheries in Southeast Asia, 1936-1977

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This study provides a detailed study of the fishing nation of Taiwan at a regional and local level in order to address the lack of academic research into the Taiwanese fishing industry in comparison to other nations. Over three stages of analysis it identifies the reasons for the rise and decline of Taiwanese distant-water fisheries. The first stage examines the broader historical background, government policy, and birth of the Taiwanese fishing industry. The second explores the industry at a national level, analysing the relationships between fishing, government, military, and ancillary industries. The third approach narrows the scope to individual fishing communities and explores the working lives and cultural habits of the fishermen. The major focus is the port of Kaohsiung and how it became the major supply base for the fishing industry. It explores Taiwan’s relationship with Japan and the postwar decline due to Japan’s losses in the Second World War. Finally, it considers the development of Taiwanese colonial and postwar fishing policies. It concludes that modern fishing techniques were introduced from Japan, and emboldened Taiwanese fisherman to risk entering remote and foreign waters. The author suggests that further research into Taiwan take would help scholars better understand the history of distant-fisheries. The journal consists of nine chapters, an introduction and conclusion, a list of interviewees, and a bibliography of English and Chinese-language sources.

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