Allostratigraphy of the Kaskapau Formation (Cenomanian-Turonian) in the subsurface and outcrop: NE British Columbia and NW Alberta, Western Canada Foreland Basin

B. L. Varban

doi:10.2113/53.4.357

Westerly derived Early Cretaceous gold paleoplacers in the Western Canada foreland basin, southwestern Alberta: tectonic and economic implications

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e95-090 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1079-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dale A. Leckie ◽

David Craw

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Early Cretaceous ◽

Foreland Basin ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Low Grade ◽

Western Canada ◽

Gold Content ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Quartz Veins ◽

Sedimentary Succession

Albian-aged (Early Cretaceous) igneous pebble to cobble conglomerates fill multiple, northeast–southwest-oriented, subparallel channels in the upper Blairmore Group (upper Beaver Mines and Mill Creek formations) of the Rocky Mountain foreland basin, southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. Paleocurrent data show that the conglomerate was derived from the west. Clast petrography implies a provenance that includes granitoids, mafic volcanics, low-grade metamorphic rocks, and shallow-level (ca. 7 km depth) postmetamorphic quartz veins formed from meteoric fluids. The conglomerate was probably derived from the southern Omineca Belt of British Columbia prior to the rise of the Rocky Mountains. The conglomerate contains detrital gold grains up to 150 μm in diameter, and chemical analyses indicate widespread anomalous gold concentrations (up to 910 ppb Au) in conglomerate matrix. Gold content in these igneous-clast conglomerates excèdes that reported from the richest modern placers in Alberta. Less pronounced but persistent As anomalies (up to 260 ppm) occur also. Postdepositional alteration of conglomerate matrix chemically mobilized Au and As from their detrital source grains and redistributed these elements. Gold enrichment in the igneous-clast conglomerate contrasts strongly with background gold concentrations in the underlying conglomeratic Cadomin Formation. The gold concentrations in the igneous-clast conglomerate demonstrate that paleoplacers derived from the Canadian Cordillera have accumulated in the Western Canada foreland basin, a sedimentary succession previously dismissed as a host for detrital gold.

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Deep Geothermal Heating Potential for the Communities of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 706

Author(s):

Jacek Majorowicz ◽

Stephen E. Grasby

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Northwest Territories ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Sedimentary Basin ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Foreland Basin ◽

Geothermal Gradient ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin ◽

Geothermal Heating

We summarize the feasibility of using geothermal energy from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) to support communities with populations >3000 people, including those in northeastern British Columbia, southwestern part of Northwest Territories (NWT), southern Saskatchewan, and southeastern Manitoba, along with previously studied communities in Alberta. The geothermal energy potential of the WCSB is largely determined by the basin’s geometry; the sediments start at 0 m thickness adjacent to the Canadian shield in the east and thicken to >6 km to the west, and over 3 km in the Williston sub-basin to the south. Direct heat use is most promising in the western and southern parts of the WCSB where sediment thickness exceeds 2–3 km. Geothermal potential is also dependent on the local geothermal gradient. Aquifers suitable for heating systems occur in western-northwestern Alberta, northeastern British Columbia, and southwestern Saskatchewan. Electrical power production is limited to the deepest parts of the WCSB, where aquifers >120 °C and fluid production rates >80 kg/s occur (southwestern Northwest Territories, northwestern Alberta, northeastern British Columbia, and southeastern Saskatchewan. For the western regions with the thickest sediments, the foreland basin east of the Rocky Mountains, estimates indicate that geothermal power up to 2 MWel. (electrical), and up to 10 times higher for heating in MWth. (thermal), are possible.

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Challenging the Stereotypes: Unexpected Features of Sexual Exploitation among Homeless and Street-Involved Boys in Western Canada

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5898

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Saewyc ◽

Sneha Shankar ◽

Lindsay A. Pearce ◽

Annie Smith

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Sexual Exploitation ◽

Western Canada ◽

Youth Health

Research about the sexual exploitation of homeless and street-involved boys is limited and often combined with that of girls. As aggregation can distort unique issues among genders which are exploited, this study provides information about the context of exploitation for homeless boys. Boys participated in the anonymous, multi-city British Columbia (BC), Canada Homeless and Street-Involved Youth Health paper surveys of 2006 and 2014. Measures included questions about trading sex for money, shelter, or other consideration; age first exploited; for whom; where they were living when first traded sex; gender of exploiters; and demographics. Analyses, separately for younger/older boys, explored the prevalence, timing of exploitation vs. homelessness, and ANOVAs to evaluate the patterns of the age of first exploitation by the genders of exploiters. Just over one in four boys reported exploitation (n = 132), with a median age of 14–15 in most groups. Most were runaway or homeless before their first exploitation, but 25.5% (2006) and 41% (2014) were living with family. Most boys were exploited by women (78%–85%), with 62%–65% were exclusively exploited by women.

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Impact of cultivars and herbicides on weed management in alfalfa

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-210 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 875-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. R. Moyer ◽

S. N. Acharya

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Western Canada ◽

Downy Brome ◽

Weed Species ◽

Standard Type ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Medicago Sativa L

Weeds, especially dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in F.H. Wigg.), tend to infest a forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stand 2 to 4 yr after establishment. To develop better weed management systems, experiments were conducted at Lethbridge, Alberta, from 1995 to 2002 and Creston, British Columbia, from 1998 to 2001, which included the alfalfa cultivars Beaver (standard type) and AC Blue J (Flemish type) and annual applications of metribuzin and hexazinone. These herbicides are registered for weed control in irrigated alfalfa in Alberta and alfalfa grown for seed. In addition, two sulfonylurea herbicides, metsulfuron and sulfosulfuron, and glyphosate were included. All of the herbicides except glyphosate controlled or suppressed dandelion and mustard family weeds. Metsulfuron at 5 g a.i. ha-1 almost completely controlled dandelion at both locations. However, after metsulfuron application at Lethbridge, dandelion was replaced with an infestation of downy brome, which is unpalatable for cattle. None of the herbicides increased total forage (alfalfa + weed) yield, and in some instances herbicides reduced forage quality by causing a shift from a palatable to an unpalatable weed species. However, it was observed that AC Blue J consistently yielded more than Beaver, and weed biomass was consistently less in the higher-yielding cultivar. AC Blue J was developed primarily for the irrigated area in southern Alberta and for southern British Columbia. Therefore, additional experiments should be conducted to determine which alfalfa cultivars have the greatest ability to compete with weeds in other regions of western Canada. Key words: Alfalfa yield, dandelion, forage quality, weed control

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The Caragana Aphid, Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.) in Western Canada, and its Separation from the Pea Aphid

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent941075-10 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1075-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. G. Robinson ◽

G. A. Bradley

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

North America ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Pea Aphid ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Western Canada ◽

Forest Insect ◽

Disease Survey ◽

Caragana Arborescens

Except for occasional references in the Annual Reports of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of infestations of an aphid on caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) in Western Canada and a note on chemical control (Bradley, 1952), there is no published record known to the authors of the occurrence of the caragana aphid, Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.), in North America. MacNay (1953) summarized reports that severe infesrations of aphids, “probably mainly the caragana aphid”, occurred on caragana in 1952 in the East Kootenays of British Columbia, and at several places in Alberta and Saskatchewan. At some localities 100 per cent defoliation was reported.

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Mineral Taxation

Alberta Law Review ◽

10.29173/alr619 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Murray F. Mackintosh

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

New Mineral ◽

Western Canada ◽

Resource Industry ◽

The Future

In these times of rapidly escalating prices for resources, the provinces of Western Canada have turned their attention to extracting from the resource industry higher return for the citizens in an attempt to provide for the future when the resources are near depletion. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in Alberta. In this article Mr. Mackintosh discusses mineral taxation laws in Alberta and compares them with the corresponding laws of Saskatchewan and British Columbia. The author discusses the constitutionality and interpretation of the new mineral taxation laws and raises some specific problems in applying the legislation.

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