scholarly journals Movements of the Glottis During Horn Performance: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W Iltis ◽  
Sarah L Gillespie ◽  
Jens Frahm ◽  
Dirk Voit ◽  
Arun Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Serial Images

OBJECTIVE: The functional role of the glottis in brass performance is poorly understood and controversial, particularly with respect to pedagogy. Technological limitations have prevented the non-invasive, systematic study of the glottis in the past, but developments in real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allow representations of glottal movement during performance on a MRI-compatible horn to be recorded and quantified. METHODS: We present RT-MRI data obtained on 6 advanced-level horn players from serial images acquired at an acquisition time of 33.3 ms as they performed sustained note exercises on three notes (concert Eb2, Eb4, and Bb4) at each of three dynamics (pp, mf, and ff) and a staccato exercise. An advanced-level trumpet player was also studied performing a modification of the staccato exercise designed to minimize vertical movement of the larynx. Glottal movements and positions in the coronal plane were analyzed using a customized MATLAB toolkit. RESULTS: In sustained note playing, there is a significant influence of dynamic on the degree of glottal adduction/abduction. There is greater adduction with softer notes, and greater abduction with louder notes. In slow staccato playing, glottal closure accompanies the cessation of each note and persists until iteration of the next note in the sequence. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that RT-MRI provides a suitable method to identify and quantify glottal movement during horn playing. We further show that there is a direct relationship between dynamic level and glottal adduction/abduction, and that the glottis is involved in performing notes during slow staccato playing.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis: A Narrative Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cacciaguerra ◽  
Monica Palermo ◽  
Lidia Marino ◽  
Filippo Andrea Salvatore Rapisarda ◽  
Piero Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technological Limitations

Craniosynostosis, the premature closure of cranial sutures, is one of the principal causes of pediatric skull deformities. It can cause aesthetic, neurological, acoustic, ophthalmological complications up to real emergencies. Craniosynostosis are primarily diagnosed with accurate physical examination, skull measurement and observation of the deformity, but the radiological support currently plays an increasingly important role in confirming a more precise diagnosis and better planning for therapeutic interventions. The clinician must know how to diagnose in the earliest and least invasive way for the child. In the past, technological limitations reduced the choices; today, however, there are plenty of choices and it is necessary to use the various types of available imaging correctly. In the future, imaging techniques will probably rewrite the common classifications we use today. We provide an updated review of the role of imaging in this condition, through the ages, to outline the correct choice for the clinician for an early and non-invasive diagnosis.

scholarly journals Predicting Conversion to MS - The Role of a History Suggestive of Demyelination

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Morrow ◽  
J. Alexander Fraser ◽  
David Nicolle ◽  
Marcelo Kremenchutzky
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Background:The ability to predict conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) accurately when assessing a patient with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is of paramount importance.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best paraclinical tool currently available; however the significance of a history of an event suggestive of demyelination prior to CIS presentation has not been evaluated.Methods:Aretrospective chart review of all optic neuritis cases presenting as CIS to a single neuro-ophthalmologist in London, Ontario between 1990 to 1998 was performed. Data were collected regarding demographics, past medical history, history of present illness, and family history. Conversion to MS was determined by the McDonald criteria after ten years of follow-up. Bayesian statistics and logistic regression were used to determine the best predictors of conversion to MS from CIS.Results:One hundred and sixteen optic neuritis subjects were included in the analysis. After ten years, 42.2% had converted to MS. The best predictor of future conversion remained at least one brain lesion, disseminated in space, on MRI (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.75). However, if the subject additionally had a history suggestive of a demyelinating event in the past that had not been confirmed clinically, the specificity increased to 0.96. These two traits taken together had an odds ratio of 27.8 for conversion to MS in the next ten years (p<0.001).Conclusions:A history of an event suggestive of demyelination prior to presenting with optic neuritis as CIS increases the ability of the clinician to predict conversion to MS in the next ten years.

The role of ultrasonography in diagnosing hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110529
Author(s):  
Tiezheng Wang ◽  
Hengtao Qi ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Zengtao Wang ◽  
Shougang Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasonography ◽  
Electrophysiological Examination

Background In the past, the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve mostly depended on electrophysiological examination, by which the location could not be diagnosed. There are few studies on the evaluation of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) by ultrasonography. Purpose To evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis of 12 patients with hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve was carried out, and the characteristics of the high-frequency ultrasonographic images were summarized and compared with surgical exploration. Results The 12 cases of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve were all located in the median nerve of the distal upper arm, including nine cases of single hourglass-like fascicular constriction and three cases of multiple hourglass-like fascicular constrictions. High-frequency ultrasonography can accurately locate the hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve and the extent of neuropathy. The ultrasonographic images of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve showed single or multiple hourglass-like change(s) in the median nerve of the distal upper arm. The nerve fascicles on both sides of the affected nerve with hourglass-like change thickened. Conclusions High-frequency ultrasonography could be a reliable, convenient, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve.

scholarly journals Hepatic Angiomyolipoma: Diagnostic Findings and Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenya Kamimura ◽  
Minoru Nomoto ◽  
Yutaka Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Hepatic Angiomyolipoma ◽  
Portal Thrombosis ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed Imaging

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign mesenchymal tumor that is frequently found in the kidney and, rarely, in the liver. The natural history of hepatic AML has not been clarified, and, because of the similar patterns in imaging studies, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, some of these tumors have been overdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in the past. With an increase in the number of case reports showing detailed imaging studies and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor with human melanoma black-45, the diagnostic accuracy is also increasing. In this paper, we focused on the role of noninvasive imaging studies and histological diagnosis showing distinctive characteristics of this tumor. In addition, because several reports have described tumor progression in terms of size, recurrence after surgical resection, metastasis to other organs, and portal thrombosis, we summarized these cases for the management and discussed the indications for the surgical treatment of this tumor.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the functionally single ventricle before and after conversion to the Fontan circulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S3) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Festa ◽  
Lamia Ait Ali ◽  
Massimo Bernabei ◽  
Daniele De Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Future Clinical Practice ◽  
Before And After

Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool, able to give us accurate anatomical and functional insights concerning the structure of the heart, and capable of overcoming some of the drawbacks and limitations of echocardiography and catheterization. The aim of our current review is to highlight the advantages and applications of the technique in the evaluation of patients with functionally univentricular hearts before and after conversion to the Fontan circulation. Most of these patients will have undergone surgery several times in their life, with a certain body size, and with less than optimal echocardiographic windows because of the surgical scars. Moreover, vascular access is sometimes unavailable due to previous catheterizations. Furthermore, resonance imaging is non-invasive, and can be performed without sedation in patients older than 8 years. Since many of the current techniques, some of them still experimental, will be used extensively in future clinical practice, physicians should be aware of the full spectrum of capabilities of resonance imaging. We will highlight all these applications in the sections which follow.

The role of MIBG scintigraphy in the management of a case of metastatic glomus jugulare tumour

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nilssen ◽  
P. J. Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mibg Scintigraphy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Scanning Technique ◽  
Isotope Scanning ◽  
Glomus Jugulare Tumour

AbstractGlomus jugulare tumours with metastases are rare as the diagnosis of metastases in this condition can be difficult.In the past this diagnosis has been made on histology of the metastatic lesions which were identified on clinical grounds. This is one of the reasons why there have been only 20 reported cases in the literature up to 1990 (Johnstone et al., 1990). This case report examines the role of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in the diagnosis of metastases. MIBG scintigraphy is an injected radionucleotide isotope scanning technique which is cheap, non-invasive, sensitive as well as being a specific investigation for identifying sites of ectopic neuroendocrine tissue. It may also have a role in the treatment of these tumours.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENTS OF HVPG IN DECISION MAKING IN PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Adam Kern ◽  
Tomasz Arłukowicz ◽  
Krystian Bojko ◽  
Leszek Gromadziński ◽  
Jacek Bil
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Favorable Safety ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Many researchers and clinicians have taken the value of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) as an essential prognostic factor in subjects with chronic liver disorders. And HVPG alterations characterize a predictive value in subjects at the beginning of the disease (HVPG 6 – 10 mmHg) as well as in subjects in whom hemodynamically significant portal hypertension has developed (HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg). Our review aims to present the feasibility and applicability of HVPG in modern clinical practice in patients with liver cirrhosis, including invasive and non-invasive methods. HVPG measurement is a feasible method with a favorable safety profile. However, hemodynamically significant portal hypertension also might be determined using non-invasive options as elastography, magnetic resonance imaging, and indices derived from laboratory parameters, e.g., aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio, platelet count/spleen diameter ratio, or VITRO score. Hepatic vein catheterization with the evaluation of HVPG is the current gold standard for determining portal pressure; however, new non-invasive techniques are nowadays more frequently used.

scholarly journals Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n1855
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kanth ◽  
John M Inadomi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Current Emphasis

Abstract Mortality from colorectal cancer is reduced through screening and early detection; moreover, removal of neoplastic lesions can reduce cancer incidence. While understanding of the risk factors, pathogenesis, and precursor lesions of colorectal cancer has advanced, the cause of the recent increase in cancer among young adults is largely unknown. Multiple invasive, semi- and non-invasive screening modalities have emerged over the past decade. The current emphasis on quality of colonoscopy has improved the effectiveness of screening and prevention, and the role of new technologies in detection of neoplasia, such as artificial intelligence, is rapidly emerging. The overall screening rates in the US, however, are suboptimal, and few interventions have been shown to increase screening uptake. This review provides an overview of colorectal cancer, the current status of screening efforts, and the tools available to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer.

Imaging Techniques for the Evaluation of Glenohumeral Instability

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Sanders ◽  
William B. Morrison ◽  
Mark D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
The Past

The ability to image lesions associated with glenohumeral instability has evolved significantly over the past 2 decades. In the past, several imaging techniques ranging from conventional radiography to computerized axial arthrography and, most recently, to magnetic resonance imaging have been used to depict various labral abnormalities. In most instances, conventional radiography remains the initial imaging study for evaluating the patient with persistent shoulder pain and instability. Recently, however, magnetic resonance arthrography has been firmly established as the imaging modality of choice for demonstrating specific soft tissue abnormalities associated with glenohumeral instability. This article will review the role of various imaging modalities including conventional radiography, conventional arthrography, computerized axial arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance arthrography. Emphasis will be placed on the role of magnetic resonance arthrography as it pertains to the lesions associated with glenohumeral instability. A thorough discussion of the appearance of normal anatomic structures, anatomic variations that mimic abnormality, and the various lesions associated with glenohumeral instability will be provided.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Diffusion Weighted Sequences of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Patients of Acute Brain Infarct

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
OJS Admin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Infarct ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Weighted Sequences

Stroke is typically the most frequent cause of disability and fth leading cause of death in the past, early detection of acute brain infarct may be challenging for non-invasive diagnostic imaging, but recent  advancement in diagnostic imaging makes it possible.

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