scholarly journals The Evolution of the Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis: A Narrative Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cacciaguerra ◽  
Monica Palermo ◽  
Lidia Marino ◽  
Filippo Andrea Salvatore Rapisarda ◽  
Piero Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Technological Limitations

Craniosynostosis, the premature closure of cranial sutures, is one of the principal causes of pediatric skull deformities. It can cause aesthetic, neurological, acoustic, ophthalmological complications up to real emergencies. Craniosynostosis are primarily diagnosed with accurate physical examination, skull measurement and observation of the deformity, but the radiological support currently plays an increasingly important role in confirming a more precise diagnosis and better planning for therapeutic interventions. The clinician must know how to diagnose in the earliest and least invasive way for the child. In the past, technological limitations reduced the choices; today, however, there are plenty of choices and it is necessary to use the various types of available imaging correctly. In the future, imaging techniques will probably rewrite the common classifications we use today. We provide an updated review of the role of imaging in this condition, through the ages, to outline the correct choice for the clinician for an early and non-invasive diagnosis.

scholarly journals Movements of the Glottis During Horn Performance: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W Iltis ◽  
Sarah L Gillespie ◽  
Jens Frahm ◽  
Dirk Voit ◽  
Arun Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Serial Images

OBJECTIVE: The functional role of the glottis in brass performance is poorly understood and controversial, particularly with respect to pedagogy. Technological limitations have prevented the non-invasive, systematic study of the glottis in the past, but developments in real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) allow representations of glottal movement during performance on a MRI-compatible horn to be recorded and quantified. METHODS: We present RT-MRI data obtained on 6 advanced-level horn players from serial images acquired at an acquisition time of 33.3 ms as they performed sustained note exercises on three notes (concert Eb2, Eb4, and Bb4) at each of three dynamics (pp, mf, and ff) and a staccato exercise. An advanced-level trumpet player was also studied performing a modification of the staccato exercise designed to minimize vertical movement of the larynx. Glottal movements and positions in the coronal plane were analyzed using a customized MATLAB toolkit. RESULTS: In sustained note playing, there is a significant influence of dynamic on the degree of glottal adduction/abduction. There is greater adduction with softer notes, and greater abduction with louder notes. In slow staccato playing, glottal closure accompanies the cessation of each note and persists until iteration of the next note in the sequence. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that RT-MRI provides a suitable method to identify and quantify glottal movement during horn playing. We further show that there is a direct relationship between dynamic level and glottal adduction/abduction, and that the glottis is involved in performing notes during slow staccato playing.

Semi-Quantitative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of NAFLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3915-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Maria Di Girolamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Fontana ◽  
Mariano Capitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Progressive Liver Disease

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden. : The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies. : In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk. : Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.

Beyond Promoter: The Role of Macrophage in Invasion and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Haibao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Tumor Stem Cell ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment, and they are generally considered to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarized the recent researches on macrophage in the invasiveness and progression of RCC in latest years, and we also introduced and discussed many studies about macrophage in RCC to promote angiogenesis by changing tumor microenvironment and inhibit immune response in order to activate tumor progression. Moreover, macrophage interactes with various cytokines to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and it also promotes tumor stem cell formation and induces drug resistance in the progression of RCC. The highlight of this review is to make a summary of the roles of macrophage in the invasion and progression of RCC; at the same time to raise some potential and possible targets for future RCC therapy.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography in physiotherapy and rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Barassi Giovanni ◽  
Guerri Sergio ◽  
Tavani Roberta ◽  
Ricucci Giampiero ◽  
De Luca Giorgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Tendon Tissue ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Load Transmission ◽  
Intensity Information

There is an interrelation with ultrasound / physiotherapist and the duty of the physiotherapist to know how to perform ultrasound examinations alone, not for diagnostic purposes, to follow the evolution of the therapeutic cycle of physiotherapy. For this reason, ultrasound image analysis (US) is a promising non-invasive approach that uses load-dependent changes in the intensity of the echo to characterize the rigidity of muscle and tendon tissue. The purpose of this contribution is to improve the use of ultrasound images (US) and the role of the physiotherapist, who are able to detect localized changes, in particular in stiffness of the tendon due to partial and full-thickness tendon tears. Image intensity information is less sensitive for identifying load transmission variations resulting from partial thickness cuts initiated on the joint side. Ultrasound images can be useful for quantitatively assessing the variations dependent on the tendon load and muscle stiffness in physiotherapy and that the interruption of the behavior of the acousto-elastic ultrasound images can be indicative of substantial damage to the muscle or tendon.

scholarly journals Modelling reaction kinetics inside cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Grima ◽  
Santiago Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Length

In the past decade, advances in molecular biology such as the development of non-invasive single molecule imaging techniques have given us a window into the intricate biochemical activities that occur inside cells. In this chapter we review four distinct theoretical and simulation frameworks: (i) non-spatial and deterministic, (ii) spatial and deterministic, (iii) non-spatial and stochastic and (iv) spatial and stochastic. Each framework can be suited to modelling and interpreting intracellular reaction kinetics. By estimating the fundamental length scales, one can roughly determine which models are best suited for the particular reaction pathway under study. We discuss differences in prediction between the four modelling methodologies. In particular we show that taking into account noise and space does not simply add quantitative predictive accuracy but may also lead to qualitatively different physiological predictions, unaccounted for by classical deterministic models.

scholarly journals Risk Management in First Aid for Acute Drug Intoxication

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8021
Author(s):  
Andrea Piccioni ◽  
Sara Cicchinelli ◽  
Luisa Saviano ◽  
Emanuele Gilardi ◽  
Christian Zanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Observation Unit ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Register

Drug abuse (cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and synthetic drugs) is an increasing phenomenon, especially in the younger population, thus leading to more cases of intoxication requiring evaluation in the emergency department and subsequent hospitalization. In 2017, 34.2% of students reported having used an illegal psychoactive substance in their lifetime, while 26% reported having done so over the past year. We made a review about the effectiveness of the role of the temporary observation unit in the emergency department to improve management of acute drugs intoxication. We checked medical literature from the last 10 years (2009–2019). The following electronic databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Then, a systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards. Intoxicated patients usually display a favorable medical course, few diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, a short stay in the hospital, and, when hospitalization is needed, semi-intensive therapy is a feasible solution; therefore, intoxicated patients are ideal candidates for a temporary observation unit. The emergency department is very important to manage intoxicated patients; however, the hospitalization of these patients is often not necessary.

Assessment of left atrial function

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Río Aguilar-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Elastic Reservoir ◽  
Doppler Evaluation ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Flow ◽  
Axis View

The left atrium (LA) plays an important role in cardiovascular performance, not only as a mechanical contributor, elastic reservoir, and a primer for left ventricular filling, but also as a participant in the regulation of intravascular volume through the production of atrial natriuretic peptide.Although LA diameter in the parasternal long-axis view has been routinely employed, LA volume is a more robust marker for predicting events than LA areas or diameters. The assessment of LA performance based on two-dimensional volumetrics, Doppler evaluation of mitral, pulmonary vein flow, and annular tissue Doppler, as well as deformation imaging techniques, may provide incremental information for prognostic purposes and for the evaluation of severity and duration of conditions associated with LA overload.The aims of this chapter are to explain the basics of LA function, and to describe the role of Doppler echocardiography techniques, and how to implement them, for the non-invasive evaluation of LA in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century: evolution, advances and future opportunities for innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1117) ◽  
pp. 20200780
Author(s):  
Melissa A Daubert ◽  
Tina Tailor ◽  
Olga James ◽  
Leslee J Shaw ◽  
Pamela S Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Cardiac Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Developments

Cardiovascular imaging has significantly evolved since the turn of the century. Progress in the last two decades has been marked by advances in every modality used to image the heart, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac CT and nuclear cardiology. There has also been a dramatic increase in hybrid and fusion modalities that leverage the unique capabilities of two imaging techniques simultaneously, as well as the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning into the clinical workflow. These advances in non-invasive cardiac imaging have guided patient management and improved clinical outcomes. The technological developments of the past 20 years have also given rise to new imaging subspecialities and increased the demand for dedicated cardiac imagers who are cross-trained in multiple modalities. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the evolution of multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century and highlights opportunities for future innovation.

scholarly journals Neural Control of Immunity in Hypertension: Council on Hypertension Mid Career Award for Research Excellence, 2019

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
Daniela Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

The nervous system and the immune system share the common ability to exert gatekeeper roles at the interfaces between internal and external environment. Although interaction between these 2 evolutionarily highly conserved systems has been recognized for long time, the investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their crosstalk has been tackled only in recent decades. Recent work of the past years elucidated how the autonomic nervous system controls the splenic immunity recruited by hypertensive challenges. This review will focus on the neural mechanisms regulating the immune response and the role of this neuroimmune crosstalk in hypertension. In this context, the review highlights the components of the brain-spleen axis with a focus on the neuroimmune interface established in the spleen, where neural signals shape the immune response recruited to target organs of high blood pressure.

Postnatal care

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devoshree Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

The role of GPs in providing maternity care has changed dramatically over the past 30 years, with a trend towards declining involvement; however, recent proposals have suggested greater involvement is required. Nevertheless, the GP remains an important point of contact for postnatal advice, and it is the GP who usually carries out the 6-week postnatal maternal check. This article aims to provide an overview of the common types of problems mothers may encounter in the postnatal period and how they can be appropriately managed. It also provides a guide for the topics to be covered during the 6-week postnatal maternal check.

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