scholarly journals MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BINA DIRI BAGI ANAK USIA DINI TUNAGRAHITA

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putri
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Requirements Analysis ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
North Sulawesi

Abstract: This study aims to develop a learning model of Self-Care skills for mentally retarded early age children in North Sulawesi. The research was conducted in five exceptional schools in North Sulawesi which includes 10 teachers and 22 mentally retarded early age children. This study used a qualitative approach while methods of research include research and development (R&D) procedures. This Self-Building learning model were developed in four phases, which are (1) requirements analysis, (2) designing model based on the results of requirements analysis, (3) implementation of the learning model, and (4) assess the effectiveness of learning models in accordance with the teaching process. The evaluation process consist of expert matters validation, which are early age education and mentally retarded children experts, and making revision. Validation was implemented by the teachers of mentally retarded exceptional schools before making a revise, first field trials, second field trials and field tests. The trial results used to revise the product. This research resulted in RPP (Learning Implementation Plan) and a handbook for teachers. Conclusions from the study were: Implementation of the resulting learning model was effective to improve the mastery of skills to take off and put on shoes, socks, a shirt, t-shirt, short, skirt for the mentally retarded early age; The substance of the content and design flexibility of the structure of the model are included in the category of effective and the application of teaching learning model will be able to facilitate the teachers of mentally retarded exceptional School Learning Implementation Plan, carry outa learningand undertake an evaluation of learning. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran keterampilan bina diri untuk keterbelakangan mandiri pada anak usia dini di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di sekolah luar biasa di Sulawesi Utara dengan melibatkan 10 orang guru dan 22 anak usia dini dengan keterbelakangan mental. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Research and Development (RnD). Model pembelajaran dilakukan dalam empat asa, yaitu (1) analisis kebutuhan, (2) mendisain model pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan, (3) menerapkan model pembelajaran, dan (4) menilai keefektifan model pembelajaran sesuai dengan proses mengajar. Proses evaluasi berisi validasi meteri oleh ahli, oleh pendidik anak usia dini dan ahli keterbelakangan mental pada anak, dan membuat revisi. Validasi diterapkan oleh guru keterbelakangan mental di sekolah luar biasa sebelum membuat perbaikan, uji coba lapangan pertama, uji coba lapangan kedua, dan uji lapangan. Uji tersebut digunakan untuk memperbaik produk. Penelitian ini menghasilkan RPP (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran) dan handbook untuk guru. Kesimpulannya dari penelitian ini adalah: penerapan menghasilkan model pembelajaran yang efektif untuk menghasilkan keterampilan dalam melepaskan dan memakai sepatu, kaus kaki, baju, kaus, dan senda untuk anak keterbelakangan mental. Substansi dari isi dan fleksibilitas desain dari struktur model termasuk didalamnnya kategori efektivitas dan penerapan model pembelajaran dan pengajaran akan mampu memfasilitasi guru di sekolah luar biasa dalam menerapkan pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran dan melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Keislaman Kelas VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sumining Sumining
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Leadership Class ◽  
Thematic Learning ◽  
Islamic Values

Development of thematic teaching materials based on Islamic values, especially those related to the contents of the verses of the Alqur'an and / or hadith as the basis of all science. In the available books, there are no thematic teaching materials that are integrated with the Al-Quran and Hadith, as well as Islamic values ??that are able to implement the core competencies of the 2013 curriculum, namely the competence of spiritual attitudes in thematic learning. The formulation of this research is: (1) producing thematic teaching materials based on Islamic values ??theme 7 (Leadership) class 6 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Jember. (2) to determine the effectiveness of thematic teaching materials based on Islamic values ??in learning. This study uses a research and development research type, the Borg and Gall model which is divided into 10 steps, namely: (1) research and data collection (2) planning, (3) product draft development, (4) initial field trials, ( 5) revising the results of trials, (6) field trials, (7) improving products from field tests, (8) conducting field trials, (9) improving product results, and (10) disseminating and implementing. The testing technique was carried out by comparing the pre-test and post-test values. The data was calculated using the t-test and processed using the SPSS application to determine the effectiveness of teaching materials. The results of this study indicate: the validation test produces an average of 88.79% with the criteria that the book is very suitable for use in learning. In terms of attractiveness, this book is very interesting to use for students, this is based on the results of the questionnaire data given to students with an average of 88.24% with very attractive qualifications. Meanwhile, from the results of the pre-test and post-test based on the t count which shows that it is greater than the t table, it means that the book is effective for use in learning. Keywords: Teaching Materials; Thematic Learning; Islamic Value Pengembangan bahan ajar tematik berbasis nilai keislaman, terutama yang terkait dengan isi ayat Alqur'an dan/atau hadits sebagai dasar dari semua sains. Dalam buku yang telah tersedia tidak ada bahan ajar tematik yang terintegrasi dengan Al-Quran, dan Hadits, serta nilai-nilai Islam yang mampu mengimplementasikan kompetensi inti dari kurikulum 2013 yaitu kompetensi sikap spiritual dalam pembelajaran tematik. Perumusan penelitian ini yaitu: (1) menghasilkan bahan ajar tematik berbasis nilai keislaman tema 7 (Kepemimpinan) kelas 6 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Jember. (2) mengetahui efektifitas bahan ajar tematik berbasis nilai-nilai keislaman dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian pengembangan Research and Development, model Borg and Gall yang terbagi menjadi 10 langkah, yaitu: (1) penelitian dan pengumpulan data (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan draf produk, (4) uji coba lapangan awal, (5) merevisi hasil uji coba, (6) uji coba lapangan, (7) penyempurnaan produk hasil uji lapangan, (8) uji pelaksanaan lapangan, (9) penyempurnaan produk hasil, dan (10) diseminasi dan implementasi. Teknik uji coba dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai pre-test dan post-test. Data dihitung dengan uji-t dan diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan ajar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: uji validasi tersebut rata-rata menghasilkan 88,79 % dengan kriteria bahwa buku tersebut sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Dari segi kemenarikan, buku ini sangat menarik untuk digunakan pada siswa, hal ini berdasarkan dari hasil data angket yang diberikan kepada siswa dengan rata-rata 88,24% dengan kualifikasi sangat menarik. Sedangkan dari hasil pre-test dan pos-test berdasarkan uji t hitung yang menunjukan lebih besar dari t tabel, berarti buku tersebut efektif untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: Bahan Ajar; Pembelajaran Tematik; Nilai Keislaman

scholarly journals Dribble Training Model Development Jump Shoot Basketball Sports Branch On Students

KINESTETIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun ◽  
Tarsyad Nugraha ◽  
Rian Handika
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Is Research

This study aims to develop a dribble jump shoot training model in basketball. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development). In this development research, the product developed is a dribble jump shoot training model in basketball.The subjects in this research and development were 3 experts and 10 basketball athletes. The instruments used in this research and development were questionnaires and questionnaires used to collect data at the following stages: (1) needs analysis; (2) expert evaluation; (3) small group trials; and (4) field trials. The effectiveness test is the result of validation from 3 experts and the results of field tests. The results of the 3 experts stated that 86.25% was very suitable for use and the effectiveness test revealed a high gain value of 0.90. Based on the results of research and development, it can be concluded that: (1) By developing an exercise model dribble jump shoot This, can help students in improving basketball jump shoot skills. (2) Provide a new reference for basketball jump shoot practice.

scholarly journals Model Pembelajaran Lompat Tinggi Gaya Flop Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Sabila Nur Masturah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Limited Testing

The aim of this research and development is to produce the Flop Style High Jump learning model for junior high school students. This research uses research development (R D) research methods from Borg and Gall. The subjects in this research and development are Jakarta Junior High School students, which consist of 20 limited testing students (small group trials), 40 main trial athletes (field testing) and 50 Test effectiveness models.The stages in this study were: (1) needs analysis, (2) model development planning, (3) expert judgement, (4) limited testing (small group trials), (5) main trials (large group / field trials), (6) effectiveness testing. Effectiveness testing using the High Jump Style Flop motion assessment test to determine the level of high jump ability in the flop style of junior high school students, before and after the treatment of the flop style high jump learning model. From the preliminary tests performed, the average flop style jump learning average was 42.47, then after being given treatment in the form of a flop style high jump learning model, the flop style high jump level was 83.75. Then the flop style high jump learning model is effective in improving flop style high jump learning for junior high school students.Based on the results of the development, from the results of field trials and discussion of research results it can be concluded that: 1) With this flop style high jump learning model, students can learn and carry out learning effectively and efficiently. 2) With the flop style high jump learning model material that researchers have developed, students can understand theory material and high jump practice quickly and correctly.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE BERBAGI DENGAN ASESMEN PROYEK UNTUK SISWA SMK KELAS XI SEMESTER I KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN DI SMK NEGERI 3 SINGARAJA.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
I KETUT SUBUDI . ◽  
PROF.DR. I MADE CANDIASA, MI.Komp. . ◽  
DR. I G.L.A. PARWATA,S.Pd.M.Kes .
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Project Assessment ◽  
High Category ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Very High

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe berbagi dengan asesmen proyek untuk kompetensi keahlian teknik pemesinan di SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model Borg & Gall yang terdiri dari tujuh langkah yaitu: 1) penelitian dan pengumpulan data awal, 2) perencanaan, 3) pembuatan produk awal, 4) uji coba awal, 5) perbaikan produk awal, 6) uji coba lapangan, dan 7) perbaikan produk operasional. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah model pembelajaran yang terdiri dari: 1) sintak model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe berbagi adalah: penyampaian tujuan dan persiapan, menyajikan informasi, mengorganisir siswa dalam tim belajar, diskusi dalam tim memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi, penyampaian hasil, menarik kesimpulan, melakukan evaluasi, dan memberikan pengakuan dan penghargaan. 2) sistem sosial berupa pembelajaran berkelompok terjadi transfer ilmu melalui interaksi antar anggota kelompok dalam pembelajaran, 3) prinsip reaksi siswa berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran, guru sebagai fasilitator dan moderator, 4) sistem pendukung dan dampak instruksional dalam model pembelajaran adalah adanya rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan perangkat asesmen proyek, serta peningkatan proses dan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran dan penguasaan kompetensi mata pelajaran. Hasil uji validitas isi dengan menggunakan formula gregory diperoleh validitas buku model pembelajaran sebesar 1.00 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, validitas RPP sebesar 1.00 dengan kategori sangat tinggi dan perangkat asesmen proyek sebesar 1.00 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Uji coba penilaian kepraktisan dari guru dan siswa sebagai pengguna model telah memenuhi kriteria praktis. Kata Kunci : asesmen proyek, kooperatif tipe berbagi. This research aimed at developing sharing type of cooperative learning model with project assessment for machining techniques of skills competency at SMK Negeri 3 Singaraja. This research was a Borg and Gall research and development model that consists of seven steps which are: 1) pre research and data collection, 2) planning, 3) pre product making, 4) initial test, 5) early product improvements, 6) field trials, and 7) improvement of operational product. The results of the research was a learning model that consists of: 1) the syntaxes of sharing type of cooperative learning model are informing the goals and preparation, presentations, students organizing, team discussion, results presentations, concluding, evaluation, and feedback, 2) social system in form of group learning occurs knowledge transfer through interactions of group members in learning process, 3) principles of students reaction play an active role in learning, teacher as a facilitators and moderators, 4) supporting systems and instructional impact in learning model are the existence of the implementation plan of learning and project assessment instruments, and improvement of students process and activity in learning and mastery of subject competencies. Content validity test of Gregory formula shows 1.00 in validity of learning model book at very high category, 1.00 in validity of the implementation plan of learning at very high category and 1.00 of project assessments instruments at very high category. Practicality assessment trials from teacher and students as the users of the model has met the practical criteria. keyword : project assessment, sharing type of cooperative learning

scholarly journals MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KELINCAHAN PADA SISWA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Widi Widiastuti ◽  
Iwan Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Early Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Group Trial

The aim of this research was to create an agility learning model for pre-elementary school students. The approach of this study used to research and development model of Borg and Gall. The result of the small group trial from the easiness aspect was 85,58% and the attractiveness aspect was 86,35% which were very good. Meanwhile, the result of the big trial from the easiness aspect reached 86,41% and from the attractiveness, aspect reached 86,35% which were also very good. The effectiveness of the model was confirmed effective to be used. The result of to was 14,92 and t-table was 1,697, therefore to > t-table or Ho was rejected. It can be concluded that the agility learning model in this study is effective to be applied to early age kids.   Keywords: Physical Education, Agility, Preschool     Abstrak, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model kelincahan bagi siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak. Pendekatan penelitian pengembangan model kelincahan ini menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dari Borg dan Gall.Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil diperoleh hasil kriteria ditinjau aspek kemudahan model pembelajaran kelincahan diperoleh nilai 85,58% dan dinyatakan baik sekali, sedangkan aspek kemenarikan diperoleh nilai 86,16 % dan dinyatakan baik sekali. Hasil uji coba kelompok besar diperoleh hasil kriteria ditinjau aspek kemudahan model pembelajaran kelincahan diperoleh nilai 86,41% dan dinyatakan baik sekali sedangkan ditinjau dari aspek kemenarikan diperoleh nilai 86,35% dan dinyatakan baik sekali. Keefektifan model yang dikembangkan, dinyatakan efektif untuk digunakan. Berdasarkan dari hasil perbandingan antara nilai tes awal dan tes akhir yang diberikan kepada siswa diperoleh hasil t0 sebesar 14,92 dan ttabel 1,697. Dengan demikian, t0 = 14,92 > ttabel = 1,697 atau H0 ditolak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model kelincahan yang peneliti kembangkan efektif untuk diterapkan pada anak usia dini.   Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Jasmani, Kelincahan, PAUD  

scholarly journals MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SISTEM BASIS DATA BERBASIS COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION

Instruksional ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ruliah Ruliah ◽  
Bahar Bahar ◽  
Andita Suci Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Database System ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Base System ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Drill And Practice

ABSTRACT The direct (face-to-face) learning approach that is centered on the teacher in Data Base System lectures causes the learning process to be passive. Students' understanding is not optimal in certain competencies so that the final average of students does not reach the predetermined competency standards. This paper presents a learning model for Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Database System with a combination of Tutorial and Drill and Practice models. The research uses the R & D (Research and Development) method with three main stages, namely conducting an initial study to find information about the learning model to be developed, developing a model based on the results of the problem study, and conducting field trials. The results of the pretest and posttest showed an increase in learning completeness by 72.41%, as evidenced by the significance test which experienced a significant increase. Keywords: Learning Model, Database System, Computer Assisted Instruction, Research and Development, Tutorial, Drill and PracticeABSTRAK Pendekatan pembelajaran langsung (tatap muka) yang berpusat pada pengajar dalam perkuliahan Sistem Basis Data menyebabkan proses belajar menjadi pasif. Pemahaman mahasiswa tidak maksimal pada bagian kompetensi tertentu sehingga rerata nilai akhir mahasiswa tidak mencapai standar kompetensi yang telah ditetapkan. Paper ini menyajikan model pembelajaran Sistem Basis Data berbantuan Komputer (Computer Assisted Instruction/ CAI) dengan kombinasi model Tutorial dan Drill and Practice. Penelitian menggunakan metode R & D (Research and Development) dengan Tiga tahapan utama, yaitu melakukan studi awal untuk mencari informasi mengenai model pembelajaran yang akan dikembangkan, mengembangkan model berdasarkan hasil kajian permasalahan, dan melakukan uji coba lapangan. Hasil uji pretest dan posttest menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 72,41%, yang dibuktikan dengan uji signifikasi yang memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Sistem Basis Data, Computer Assisted Instruction, Research and Development, Tutorial, Drill and Practice

scholarly journals Pengembangan model pembelajaran atletik nomor lempar untuk anak tunagrahita ringan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Luthfie Lufthansa
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
Shot Put ◽  
Expert Validation

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan model pembelajaran atletik nomor lempar untuk anak tunagrahita ringan. Penelitian pengembangan ini dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) pengumpulan informasi di lapangan, (2) analisis terhadap informasi, (3) pengembangan produk awal, (4) validasi ahli dan revisi, (5) uji coba lapangan kelompok kecil dan revisi, (6) uji coba lapangan kelompok besar dan revisi, dan (7) pembuatan produk final. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu: (1) pedoman wawancara, (2) skala nilai, dan (3) pedoman observasi. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian menghasilkan buku panduan pembelajaran atletik nomor lempar untuk anak tunagrahita ringan yang berisikan delapan model, yaitu (1) model pembelajaran netting menolak, (2) model pembelajaran menolak peluru, (3) model pembelajaran mengayun gelang warna melewati net, (4) model pembelajaran mengayun piring ufo ke bulan, (5) model pembelajaran melempar bola berekor dengan sasaran dengan sasaran simpai yang digantung, (6) model pembelajaran melempar roket ke bintang, (7) model pembelajaran bermain netting melontar, dan (8) model pembelajaran melontar komet ke matahari.Kata Kunci: anak tunagrahita ringan, pembelajaran atletik, nomor lempar, pengembangan Developing a Learning Model of Throwing Games in Athletics for Slightly Mentally-Retarded Children AbstractThis study aims to develop a learning model of throwing games in athletics for slightly mentally retarded children. The research and development study was conducted in the research and development steps as follows: (1) collecting information in the field, (2) analyzing the information, (3) developing the preliminary product, (4) conducting expert validation and revision, (5) conducting a small-group field tryout and revision, (6) conducting a large-group field tryout and revision, and (7) making the final product. The data collection instruments included: (1) an interview guideline, (2) a grade scale, and (3) an observation guideline. The data were analyzed by means of quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The study produces a guidebook for the learning of throwing games in athletics for slightly mentally retarded children consisting of eight models, i.e.: (1) a learning model of the push netting, (2) a learning model of the shot put, (3) a learning model of swinging color rings over a net, (4) a learning model of swinging an UFO plate to the moon, (5) a learning model of throwing a tailed ball at a hanging hoop target, (6) a learning model of throwing a rocket to a star, (7) a learning of the throwing netting game, and (8) a learning model of throwing a comet to the sun.Keywords: slightly mentally retarded children, athletics learning, development 

scholarly journals MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GERAK DASAR BERBASIS PERMAINAN OLAHRAGA TRADISIONAL PADA ANAK USIA 10-12 TAHUN

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakim Siregar ◽  
◽  
Fajar Sidik Siregar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Basic Movement ◽  
Basic Motion ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this research is to produce a product and to test the effectiveness of the basic motion learning model based on traditional sports games for children aged 10-12 years. This research and development method uses Research and Development (R&D) which adopts the theory of Borg & Gall by using 10 stages of development. Collecting data using observation, questionnaires, interviews and tests. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The research sample consisted of 60 children aged 10-12 years which were divided into 30 children in the experimental group and 30 children in the control group. The basic movement learning model based on traditional sports games can be received effectively given to children aged 10-12 years based on expert validation, field tests (small group trials and large group trials) and the results of learning basic movements in the experimental group using traditional sports game models are more effective than the control group using the conventional model in children aged 10-12 years based on the effectiveness test. Keywords: Basic Movement, Learning Outcomes, Traditional Sports Games

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS PENDEKATAN OPEN ENDED PADA MATERI FPB/KPK KELAS IV UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SISWA DI SD NEGERI TAMBAKREJO 01 SEMARANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambar Widianingrum ◽  
Joko Sulianto ◽  
Rahmat Rais
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Stage 1

The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of teaching materials based on an open-ended approach to improve the reasoning abilities of fourth grade students in elementary schools. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development). The subjects of this study were 3 classroom teachers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative data analysis (data reduction, data presentation and conclusion) and quantitative descriptive data analysis. Based on the results of stage 1 media validation, it was obtained 84.8%, and the results of stage 2 media validation were obtained 94.8%. The result of material validation for stage 1 was obtained 84.6%, and validation for material for stage 2 was obtained 93.3%. The results of initial field trials obtained media 93.7% and material 92.3%. This shows that the teaching material is declared valid and suitable for use. Based on the results of this study, the suggestion that can be conveyed is that teaching materials based on an open-ended approach can be used as a tool for teaching and learning resources for students.

scholarly journals Modified Humic Substances as Soil Conditioners: Laboratory and Field Trials

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Kulikova ◽  
Alexander B. Volikov ◽  
Olga I. Filippova ◽  
Vladimir A. Kholodov ◽  
Nadezhda V. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

The paper is devoted to the development and performance testing of a soil conditioner based on leonardite humic substances (LHS) modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The modified HS were obtained by adding APTES to LHS solution at different mass ratios of LHS and APTES, followed by the investigation of siloxane structures using 31Si NMR spectroscopy. The Urbic Technosol was used as a model soil. The size and amount of water-stable soil aggregates were estimated using wet sieving and laser diffraction, respectively. Toxicity was evaluated by monitoring microbial substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and seedling bioassay. Laboratory column experiments demonstrated an increase in water-stability of the 3–5 mm soil aggregates after LHS-APTES application. Field tests showed an increase in the average weighted diameter of micro aggregates (from 59 to 73 μm) and water-stable macroaggregates (from 1.6 to 2.9 mm) due to the LHS-APTES amendment. A substantial increase in SIR from 5 to 9 mg CO2 (kg h)−1 was detected. Better survival of seedlings was observed. The obtained beneficial results indicate that APTES-modified HS can be successfully used as a soil conditioner. The formation of extended siloxane networks was suggested as the main mechanism of the observed improvement in the structure of the amended soils.

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