scholarly journals Sustainable approach to the antifouling and corrosion inhibitive properties of Exopolysaccharide producing Rhizobium leguminosarum (Legume Root Nodule Associated Bacteria) on mild steel at low pH

2021 ◽  
pp. 210373
Author(s):  
Sethuramasamy Padmavathy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Associated Bacteria

Optimizing the growth of forage and grain legumes on low pH soils through the application of superior Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron J. Yates ◽  
Emma J. Steel ◽  
Chris M. Poole ◽  
Robert J. Harrison ◽  
Tom J. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Low Ph

scholarly journals NodC-based evaluation of the occurrence of bacteria in nodules of Pisum sativum isolated on YEM agar

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Anna Lenart-Boroń ◽  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Piotr Mateusz Boroń ◽  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Diverse Community

SummaryThe bacterial nodulation (nod) genes are essential in the formation process of root nodules. This study was aimed to verify the occurrence of nodule-associated bacteria in two pea varieties (“Tarchalska” and “Klif ”) inoculated withRhizobiuminoculants – Nitragine™ and a noncommercial one produced by the Polish Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The number of colonies isolated on yeast extract mannitol (YEM) agar from the nodules of “Klif ” inoculated with IUNG inoculants was significantly higher than the number of colonies isolated from other variants. Species identification was based on sequencing of 16S rDNA, which revealed that despite careful sterilization of nodules, sequences of other bacterial species were detected. Among them, one sequence belonged toRhizobium leguminosarum(isolated from IUNG inoculant). To assess the presence of nodulation-capableRhizobium, amplification of thenodCgene was performed, which revealed that of 29 samples, 19 were positive. The remaining isolates, including reference strain and bacteria isolated from Nitragine™, lacked this gene. The results show that pea nodules harbor a very diverse community of bacteria. The lack ofnodCgene in some strains isolated from plants inoculated with Nitragine™ and with IUNG inoculant proves that even ifR. leguminosarumare abundant, they may not be efficient in nodulation.

scholarly journals The Pea Nodule Environment Restores the Ability of a Rhizobium leguminosarum Lipopolysaccharide acpXL Mutant To Add 27-Hydroxyoctacosanoic Acid to Its Lipid A

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 2126-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinata Vedam ◽  
Elmar Kannenberg ◽  
Anup Datta ◽  
Dusty Brown ◽  
Janine G. Haynes-Gann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Acyl Residue ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Alternate Mechanism

ABSTRACT Members of the Rhizobiaceae contain 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (27OHC28:0) in their lipid A. A Rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 acpXL mutant (named here Rlv22) lacking a functional specialized acyl carrier lacked 27OHC28:0 in its lipid A, had altered growth and physiological properties (e.g., it was unable to grow in the presence of an elevated salt concentration [0.5% NaCl]), and formed irregularly shaped bacteroids, and the synchronous division of this mutant and the host plant-derived symbiosome membrane was disrupted. In spite of these defects, the mutant was able to persist within the root nodule cells and eventually form, albeit inefficiently, nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. This result suggested that while it is in a host root nodule, the mutant may have some mechanism by which it adapts to the loss of 27OHC28:0 from its lipid A. In order to further define the function of this fatty acyl residue, it was necessary to examine the lipid A isolated from mutant bacteroids. In this report we show that addition of 27OHC28:0 to the lipid A of Rlv22 lipopolysaccharides is partially restored in Rlv22 acpXL mutant bacteroids. We hypothesize that R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 contains an alternate mechanism (e.g., another acp gene) for the synthesis of 27OHC28:0, which is activated when the bacteria are in the nodule environment, and that it is this alternative mechanism which functionally replaces acpXL and is responsible for the synthesis of 27OHC28:0-containing lipid A in the Rlv22 acpXL bacteroids.

Organization of microtubules in developing pea root nodule cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-786
Author(s):  
A L Davidson ◽  
W Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

Pisum sativum L. (pea) root nodule cells undergo many cellular changes in response to infection by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. These include cell growth, organelle reorganization, and changes relating to the increase in the number of bacteria within the cell. The objective of this study was to characterize microtubule organization during nodule cell development. The organization of microtubules was examined in developing pea root nodules using fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques. Immunolabelling of microtubules in meristematic cells showed diffuse fluorescence in the cell cortex and adjacent to the nuclear envelope. Recently infected cells contained randomly oriented cortical microtubules and cytoplasmic microtubules that were fragmented with diffuse fluorescence. Infected cells contained an extensive network of long, randomly arranged cortical microtubules with some parallel bundles. Cytoplasmic microtubules in single optical sections of infected cells appeared as short undulating filaments; however, overlapping images from a Z-series of an infected cell showed that the microtubules are long and wavy, and generally radiate inward from the cell cortex.Key words: nodule, microtubules, Rhizobium, pea, symbiosis.

scholarly journals Lipochitin Oligosaccharides from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Reduce Auxin Transport Capacity in Vicia sativa subsp. nigra Roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees J. M. Boot ◽  
Anton A. N. van Brussel ◽  
Teun Tak ◽  
Herman P. Spaink ◽  
Jan W. Kijne
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Transport Inhibition ◽  
Split Root System

Induction of the formation of root nodule primordia in legume roots by symbiotic rhizobia is probably preceded by a change in plant hormone physiology. We used a Vicia sativa (vetch) split root system to study the effect of inoculation with rhizobia or purified Nod factors (lipochitin oligosaccharides, LCOs) on polar auxin transport in roots. Addition of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, the infective symbiote of vetch, to roots of its host plant reduced polar auxin transport capacity of these roots within 24 h, in contrast to addition of non-nodulating, Sym plasmid-cured rhizobia. Addition of purified vetch-specific LCOs (NodRlv-IV/V[18:4,Ac]) caused a transient reduction in as little as 4 h after application, while after 16 h a second, stronger, and prolonged inhibition was observed that lasted at least 48 h. This reduction of auxin transport capacity was in the same order of magnitude as inhibition by N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (NPA). Purified LCOs (NodRm-IV[16:2,Ac,S]) from Sinorhizobium meliloti, the symbiote of alfalfa, and chitopentaose were inactive, which indicates a specific effect of LCOs produced by R. leguminosarum bv. viciae. Auxin transport inhibition was restricted to the apical nodulation-susceptible part of the roots, whereas the upper parts of the roots showed no difference in auxin transport after treatment. The effect could be observed with as low as 10-9 M NodRlv-IV/V[18:4,Ac] LCOs. Reduction of auxin transport by LCOs could not be inhibited by nitrate. Since inhibition of auxin transport capacity preceded the first root cortical cell divisions that result in root primordium formation, our results suggest a direct relationship between LCOs, polar auxin transport, and root nodule initiation, consistent with the hypothesis of U. Mathesius, H. R. M. Schlaman, H. P. Spaink, C. Sautter, B. G. Rolfe, and M. A. Djordjevic (Plant J. 14:23–34, 1998). However, nonmitogenic NodRlv-IV/V[18:1,Ac] showed a similar effect, which suggests that mitogenicity results from additional effects, in concert with auxin transport inhibition.

Boron deficiency in pasture based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is linked to symbiotic malfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo J. Hamilton ◽  
Kevin F. M. Reed ◽  
Elainne M. A. Leach ◽  
John Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Clover Seed

Field and glasshouse experiments confirmed the occurrence of boron (B) deficiency in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) pasture in eastern Victoria. Diminished productivity was linked to the small-seededness of clover and the poor effectiveness of clover root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii). Productivity, especially of clover and clover seed, increased following applications of up to 6 kg B ha–1 (P < 0.001). The response was delayed, occurring several years after the initial application of B, unless the land was resown with fresh clover seed inoculated with an effective strain of rhizobia. B deficiency in the nodulated legume induced conditions within the plant and or its rhizobia that led to impaired nitrogen (N2) fixation. Glasshouse research indicated that populations of soil-borne rhizobia taken from B-deficient soils were poorly effective in N2 fixation and that rhizobia from soils growing subterranean clover cv. Leura were significantly less effective (P < 0.05) than rhizobia from a soil growing cv. Mt Barker. Additionally, subterranean clover seed generated in B-deficient soils was at least one-third smaller than the seed of commercial seed but responded to inoculation with effective rhizobia. This indicated that any symbiotic malfunction of clover from B-deficient soils was not due to an inability to respond to nitrogen per se. On the other hand, cv. Leura from B-deficient soils fixed significantly less N2 than commercial cv. Leura when each was inoculated with rhizobia from B-deficient soils.

Identification of soil bacteria expressing a symbiotic plasmid from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trofolii

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivakumaran ◽  
B. D. W. Jarvis ◽  
P. J. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Rhizobium Loti ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Good Agreement

A hundred strains of non-nodulating, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from clover–ryegrass pastures on three different soil types and from a sandy loam under lupins. When crossed with Escherichia coli PN200 containing the cointegrate plasmid pPN1, 11 transconjugants gained the ability to form nodules on the roots of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Grasslands Huia). A nodA probe indicated that they had gained nodulation genes. The identities of these 11 strains and 4 others derived from earlier work on non-nodulating root nodule bacteria, were determined by ribotyping, DNA – DNA hybridization, and partial 16S rRNA sequencing. Good agreement was obtained between the three methods, and 11 of the strains were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum (6), Rhizobium loti (2), Rhizobium etli (1), Rhizobium tropici (1), and Sinorhizobium meliloti (1). DNA –DNA hybridization indicated that the remaining four strains were related to the Rhizobium leguminosarum reference strains. The existence of several species of non-nodulating rhizobia in pasture soil, including species for which the normal host plant was absent, is discussed in relation to the fate of symbiotic plasmids from Rhizobium seed inoculants. It is also suggested that new species should be named for the geographical region from which they are first isolated rather than the host plant.Key words: Rhizobium, non-nodulating, nonsymbiotic, isolation, identification.

scholarly journals Temperature Tolerant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strains with Plant Growth Promotion Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2603-2609
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Patel ◽  
Umakant Banjare ◽  
Ajjo Kumari ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Kapil Deo Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Rhizobium Strain ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Different Temperatures

Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that promote the plant growth are essential component of sustainable agriculture. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodule Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ten strains were cultured at two different temperatures (28°C and 45°C). Out of eight strains screened the three N25, N30 and N40 were temperature tolerant while only one strain (N40) showed tolerance to pH11. The growth of Rhizobium strain N40 at 45 °C was 96.8 percent as compared to the growth of the at 28°C. The temperature tolerant strain N40 produced maximum IAA and solubilized insoluble tri calcium phosphate compared to other strains and thus can be used microbial inoculant in biofertilizer technology.

scholarly journals Diversity and numbers of root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia) in Polish soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Martyniuk ◽  
Jadwiga Oroń ◽  
Maria Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Using a sand pouch-plant infection method, populations of several species of root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia) were enumerated in eighty soils collected throughout Poland. <em>Rhizobium leguminosarum</em> bv. <em>viciae</em> (symbionts of pea, faba bean, vetch) and <em>R. leguminosarum</em> bv. <em>trifolii</em> (symbionts of clover) were detected in 77 and 76 soils, respectively. Most of these soils contained moderate and high numbers of these species of the rhizobia. Symbionts of beans, <em>R. leguminosarum</em> bv.<em> phaseoli</em>, were assessed in 76 soils; of this number 15 soils had no detectable populations of bean rhizobia and in 40 soils high or moderate numbers of these bacteria were found. <em>Bradyrhizobium</em> sp. (<em>Lupinus</em>), root-nodule bacteria of lupine and serradella, were absent in 19 soils, out of 80 tested, and 34 soils were colonised by high or moderate populations of bradyrhizobia. <em>Sinorhizobium meliloti</em>, rhizobia nodulating alfalfa, were sparse in the examined soils; with 56 soil containing no detectable numbers of <em>S. meliloti</em> and only 6 soils harbouring high or moderate populations of this species. The estimated numbers of the rhizobia in the studied soils were also related to some physical and chemical properties of these soils.

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