Air pollution and daily mortality in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Mamkhezri ◽  
Alok K. Bohara ◽  
Alejandro Islas Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Daily Mortality

scholarly journals A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for the Spatial Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Pollution Extremes in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
José del Carmen Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
Marisol López-Cerino ◽  
Alejandro Ivan Aguirre-Salado
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Gev Distribution ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
One Year

Air pollution by carbon monoxide is a serious problem that affects many cities around the world, and the theory of extreme values has played a crucial role in the study of this issue. In this paper, we proposed a Bayesian hierarchical spatial model of extreme values to evaluate the risk of extreme events of air pollution due to carbon monoxide in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Spatial trends are modeled through of a Gaussian process for the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution parameters, and prediction maps are produced for each of these. The results show a marginal spatial behavior for the location, scale, and shape parameters of GEV distribution, which indicate the existence of local variations that would not be possible to model using only stationary models. A return map of the maximum concentrations with a return period of one year is obtained. We found that the return levels for a one-year return period of CO concentration above 8 ppm in the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico are concentrated in the central part of this region, and the areas with the lowest estimates are distributed in the periphery. In addition, a quantile-quantile (QQ) plot between the theoretical and empirical quantiles was provided, which showed a very good fit of data to the proposed model.

Contribution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas to Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick D. Gamas ◽  
Moises Magdaleno ◽  
Luis Diaz ◽  
Isaac Schifter ◽  
Luis Ontiveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

scholarly journals Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molina ◽  
Velasco ◽  
Retama ◽  
Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Air Quality Management

More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities as a result of unprecedented urbanization during the second half of the 20th century. The urban population is projected to increase to 68% by 2050, with most of the increase occurring in Asia and Africa. Population growth and increased energy consumption in urban areas lead to high levels of atmospheric pollutants that harm human health, cause regional haze, damage crops, contribute to climate change, and ultimately threaten the society’s sustainability. This article reviews the air quality and compares the policies implemented in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and Singapore and offers insights into the complexity of managing air pollution to protect public health and the environment. While the differences in the governance, economics, and culture of the two cities greatly influence the decision-making process, both have made much progress in reducing concentrations of harmful pollutants by implementing comprehensive integrated air quality management programs. The experience and the lessons learned from the MCMA and Singapore can be valuable for other urban centers, especially in the fast-growing Asia-Pacific region confronting similar air pollution problems.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Mobility in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area in Times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Vera Valdés ◽  
Carlos Vladimir Rodríguez Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transport Mobility

This paper analyzes the relation between COVID-19, air pollution, and public transport mobility in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). We test if the restrictions to economic activity introduced to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are associated with a structural change in air pollution levels and public transport mobility. Our results show that mobility in public transportation was significantly reduced following the government's recommendations. Nonetheless, we show that the reduction in mobility was not accompanied by a reduction in air pollution. Furthermore, Granger-causality tests show that the precedence relation between public transport mobility and air pollution disappeared as a product of the restrictions. Thus, our results suggest that air pollution in the MCMA seems primarily driven by industry and private car usage. In this regard, the government should redouble its efforts to develop policies to reduce industrial pollution and private car usage.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Mobility, What Carries COVID-19?

Econometrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Carlos Vladimir Rodríguez-Caballero ◽  
J. Eduardo Vera-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Particle Matter ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Highly Correlated

This paper tests if air pollution serves as a carrier for SARS-CoV-2 by measuring the effect of daily exposure to air pollution on its spread by panel data models that incorporates a possible commonality between municipalities. We show that the contemporary exposure to particle matter is not the main driver behind the increasing number of cases and deaths in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Remarkably, we also find that the cross-dependence between municipalities in the Mexican region is highly correlated to public mobility, which plays the leading role behind the rhythm of contagion. Our findings are particularly revealing given that the Mexico City Metropolitan Area did not experience a decrease in air pollution during COVID-19 induced lockdowns.

scholarly journals Health impact assessment of decreases in PM10 and ozone concentrations in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. A basis for a new air quality management program

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez ◽  
Urinda Álamo-Hernández ◽  
José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador ◽  
Isabelle Romieu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Air Quality Management ◽  
Selection Of

Objective. To conduct a health impact assessment (HIA) to quantify health benefits for several PM and O3 air pollution reduction scenarios in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). Results from this HIA will contribute to the scientific support of the MCMA air quality management plan (PROAIRE) for the period 2011-2020. Materials and methods. The HIA methodology consisted of four steps: 1) selection of the air pollution reduction scenarios, 2) identification of the at-risk population and health outcomes for the 2005 baseline scenario, 3) selection of concentration-response functions and 4) estimation of health impacts. Results. Reductions of PM10 levels to 20 μg/m3 and O3 levels to 0.050ppm (98 µg/m3) would prevent 2300 and 400 annual deaths respectively. The greatest health impact was seen in the over-65 age group and in mortality due to cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion. Improved air quality in the MCMA could provide significant health benefits through focusing interventions by exposure zones.

Megacities air pollution problems: Mexico City Metropolitan Area critical issues on the central nervous system pediatric impact

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza ◽  
Richard L. Doty ◽  
Amedeo D'Angiulli ◽  
Ricardo Torres-Jardón
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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