scholarly journals ROAD ACCIDENT ESTIMATION MODEL IN URBAN AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Serban RAICU ◽  
Dorinela COSTESCU ◽  
Stefan BURCIU ◽  
Florin RUSCA ◽  
Mircea ROSCA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Accident Estimation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity of China’s Rapid-Urbanization Areas—A Case Study of Xinbei District, Changzhou

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyuan Li ◽  
Xiaolong Jin ◽  
Danxun Ma ◽  
Penghui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Environmental Carrying Capacity ◽  
Resource Characteristics

The evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is the foundation for the rationale behind the arrangement of land spaces for production, living, and ecological uses. In this study, based on various natural, economic, and social factors, an integrated Multi-Factor assessment model was developed to evaluate the RECC of Xinbei district of Changzhou. Meanwhile, we also calculated the population carrying capacity estimation model restricted by food security. The study comprehensively analyzed the current status and land resource characteristics of a rapid urbanization area and the RECC restrictions for protection and development. The results indicate that the comprehensive carrying capacity of Xinbei showed distinct spatial heterogeneity, with a decreasing trend from the riverside protection area to urban areas, then to mountain areas. Combined with the secure food supply provided by future land resources, it was estimated that the population carrying index of Xinbei would be as high as 1.25 and 1.22 in 2035 and 2050, respectively, indicating that both years would experience a population overload. Therefore, an urgent adjustment to the structure and layout of territorial space and resources of the Xinbei District is necessary.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Accidents by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'-A Study in Faridpur

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
ASMJ Chowdhury ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
RK Saha ◽  
AR Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Road traffic accidents in Bangladesh have been rapidly increasing with huge mortality through road accidents each year. There are many causes of road accidents in recent years; one important cause is running of locally made improvised three wheelers (flat bed tricycle) in the urban areas and also on the highways, popularly known as 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'. This prospective study was carried out in Faridpur Medical College Hospital from January through June 2011, to study the accident patients caused by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'. Fifty six (12%) patients were of RTA by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' out of a total of 468 patients admitted into our hospital during this period. Most patients (41, 73.21%) were male, highest accidents (24, 42.86%) were observed among 21-30 years age group and most victims (33, 58.93%) were belonged to low socioeconomic status. Commonest (31, 55.36%) victims were passengers of 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' while maximum number of accidents (46, 82.14%) took place in the urban areas and on the highways. Injury pattern of victims were similar to that found in any other road accident patients. These three wheelers 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' are run in violating of Bangladesh Motor Vehicles Act (1983) as they are totally unfit for plying on the highways. Strict surveillance against these illegal and risky vehicles on the highways and in the urban areas by law enforcing agencies is required as a measure to reduce the burden of road accidents in our country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10289Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 06-09

scholarly journals Health Demand: Empirical Study of Effective Urban Households Demand in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 812-816
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ichwan ◽  
Firmansyah Firmansyah ◽  
Eko Jokolelono
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Health Demand

BACKGROUND: Grossman's health demand model recognizes medical price as a determinant of the estimation model. This article aims to examine the role of medical expenses in health demand by utilizing the number of sick and disturbed days obtained from Susenas, a survey on the expenditure of household food and non-food consumption conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics to measure health demand and health insurance as a medical price in a reduction model. Health insurance can replace medical expenses because those who have health insurance face relatively low medical costs and face lower medical prices than those without health insurance.   METHODS: Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation technique, sebuah teknik estimasi model regresi for 6,642 households this was obtained through three stages: First, using 71,932 sample households of susenas that relied fully on the Susenas sampling method by BPS; Second, find households that have experienced health problems during the last 6 months; Third, find households that have health expenditures of 24,341. Furthermore, the estimation model is based on 6,642 households identified to be in urban areas using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method.   FINDINGS: The health demand estimation model that can be used to determine the behavior of health demand among urban households is limited to households with formal primary school (SD) education levels. Taking advantage of certain wages, age, cigarette expenditure, and sports expenses, it was found that the number of sick days and felt disturbed in the household group that had health insurance was 5.68 days relatively greater than those without health insurance. However, expanding to higher education and older age was found to be 1.47 days and 1.57 days. Aging tends to decrease good health and health insurance tends to increase it.   CONCLUSION: It was found that health stocks differed between insured households and households without health insurance in those with aging.

scholarly journals Uncovering the behaviour of road accidents in urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191739
Author(s):  
C. Cabrera-Arnau ◽  
R. Prieto Curiel ◽  
S. R. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Different patterns in the incidence of road accidents are revealed when considering areas with increased levels of urbanization. To understand these patterns, road accident data from England and Wales is explored. In particular, the data are used to (i) generate time series for comparison of the incidence of road accidents in urban as opposed to rural areas, (ii) analyse the relationship between the number of road accidents and the population size of a set of urban areas, and (iii) model the likelihood of suffering an accident in an urban area and its dependence with population size. It is observed that minor and serious accidents are more frequent in urban areas, whereas fatal accidents are more likely in rural areas. It is also shown that, generally, the number of accidents in an urban area depends on population size superlinearly, with this superlinear behaviour becoming stronger for lower degrees of severity. Finally, given an accident in an urban area, the probability that the accident is fatal or serious decreases with population size and the probability that it is minor, increases sublinearly. These findings promote the question as to why such behaviours exist, the answer to which will lead to more sustainable urban policies.

Ensuring the civil security in territorial entities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-994
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Level I

Subject. As the society faces more and more threats and risks, civil security issues become a priority. The civil security means the protection of a citizen from external and internal threats arising from the societal, natural and technological environments. Objectives. The study evaluates threats and civil security in territorial units. Methods. I applied methods of the comparative analysis, results of sociological surveys and official statistics. Results. What seems to put people at peril at the local level is mushrooming threats of emergencies. Evaluating the security of the urban environment, I should point out low road accident rates, good fire safety, more preventive public security actions for people and businesses. In the mean time, I mention weaknesses, such as buildings in residential areas that can be destroyed by land slides, residential areas exposed to karst hazards, floods in cities and houses during spring tides, few people having access to central communication channels, its obsolescence, low capacity and insufficient ramification of sewage networks, etc. Conclusions and Relevance. There should be a conceptual smart city model, which would refer to the public feedback on the urban environment. At the municipal level, I should prioritize the improvement of emergency prevention practices, expansion and development of video surveillance in publicly important places, air pollution monitoring, rehabilitation of the existing sewage network, geological surveys of karst hazards in urban areas, etc.

scholarly journals Use of CCTV to determine road accident factors in urban areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Conche ◽  
Miles Tight
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Accident

scholarly journals Enhanced model for precise point positioning with single and dual frequency GPS/Galileo observables

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-2 ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Afifi ◽  
A. El-Rabbany
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Solution Convergence ◽  
Satellite Geometry ◽  
System Bias ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Time Offset

This paper introduces a newly developed model for both single and dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP), which combines GPS and Galileo observables. As is well known, a drawback of a single GNSS system is the availability of sufficient number of visible satellites in urban areas. Combining GPS and Galileo systems offers more visible satellites to users, which is expected to enhance the satellite geometry and the overall positioning solution. However, combining GPS and Galileo observables introduces additional biases which require rigorous modelling, including the GPS to Galileo time offset (GGTO) and the inter-system bias. This research introduces a new ionosphere-free linear combination model for GPS/Galileo PPP, which accounts for the additional errors and biases. An additional unknown is introduced in the least-squares estimation model to account for the additional biases of the GPS/Galileo PPP solution. It is shown that a sub-decimeter level positioning accuracy and 20% reduction in the solution convergence time can be achieved with the newly developed GPS/Galileo PPP model.

scholarly journals Taxi fuel consumption and emissions estimation model based on the reconstruction of driving trajectory

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401770870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Weng ◽  
Quan Liang ◽  
Guoliang Qiao ◽  
Zhihong Chen ◽  
Jian Rong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Gps Trajectory Data ◽  
Gps Trajectory ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Monitoring operating vehicles’ fuel consumption and emissions is necessity for evaluating fuel saving and emissions reduction. Taxis are one of the key objects needed energy consumption monitoring in passenger transport system. However, the traditional data collection methods for vehicle fuel consumption and emissions had high cost and inconvenient maintenance. This study aims at proposing an approach to estimate taxi fuel consumption and emissions based on the global position system (GPS) trajectory data. The bench test experiment was first conducted with three different driving cycles: cruising, acceleration and deceleration, and the composite driving cycle including these two. Then, models to calculate fuel consumption and emission based on the driving trajectory reconstruction were proposed. Therefore, the taxis’ fuel consumption and emissions could be got through GPS trajectory data corresponding to these three driving cycles. The model accuracy were verified that fuel consumption (92%) and CO2 emission (95%) fit the measurements much better than CO, NOx, and HC emission models (60%–70%). Furthermore, taking fuel consumption per 100 km as dependent variable, the relative errors between the model’s outputs and field measurements were 1.9% in urban areas and 11.2% in comprehensive operating conditions (i.e. both urban and suburb areas).

scholarly journals Spatial Econometric Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Tibor Sipos ◽  
Anteneh Afework Mekonnen ◽  
Zsombor Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Keeping the basic principles of sustainable development, it must be highlighted that decisions about transport safety projects must be made following expert preparation, using reliable, professional methods. A prerequisite for the cost–benefit analysis of investments is to constantly monitor the efficiency of accident forecasting models and to update these continuously. This paper presents an accident forecasting model for urban areas, which handles both the properties of the public road infrastructure and spatial dependency relations. As the aim was to model the urban environment, we focused on the road public transportation modes (bus and trolley) and the vulnerable road users (bicyclist) using shared infrastructure elements. The road accident data from 2016 to 2018 on the whole road network of Budapest, Hungary, is analyzed, focusing on road links (i.e., road segments between junctions) by applying spatial econometric statistical models. As a result of this article, we have developed a model that can be used by decision-makers as well, which is suitable for estimating the expected value of accidents, and thus for the development of the optimal sequence of appropriate road safety interventions.

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