ARAB SPRING-A PROXY WAR?

Author(s):  
Deniz Alca
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Hani Albasoos ◽  
Buthaina Al Hinai

Following the Arab Spring in 2011, Yemen’s devastating conflicts have deepened even further, leading the country to be the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. Despite the international community's multiple attempts to resolve this conflict, the conflict seems to have reached a stalemate. To make matters worse, resolving the conflict is made difficult by the large number of parties involved, internally and externally, and by the complex, dual and fluid nature of the relationships they share. Although the media and international community's focus is directed towards the binary conflict between the Hadi government and Saudi Arabia on one side and Iran and the Houthis on the other, the conflict is greatly multifaceted and far from being binary. This paper critically analyzes and explores other participating actors to comprehend the root causes of the conflict entirely. Although this conflict has been advertised as a proxy war, while others trace back the motivation to sectarianism, this paper argues how this analysis can be misleading and hindering the peace process.


Author(s):  
M Amin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  

Tulisan ini, menguraian tentang bagaimana pengalaman keindonesiaan dalam berbangsa dan bernegara dan bagaimana tantangan yang dihadapi pasca era reformasi. Dua bagian tulisan pertama memaparkan bagaimana Indonesia dapat barhasil merawat toleransi, demokrasi dan kemajemukan di ruang publik. Banyak negara menghargai prestasi Indonesia dalam merawat toleransi, demokrasi dan kemajemukan penduduk dan masyarakatnya. Bagian ketiga tulisan ini menjelaskan tantangan dan ancaman yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat, bangsa dan negara Indonesia setelah pergantian rejim pemerintahan dari orde baru ke orde reformasi (1998) yang bertemu dan berpadu dengan berhembusnya badai panas dari gurun pasir Timur Tengah, Arab Spring (2010) bahkan sebelumnya. Bagian terakhir menyuguhkan bagaimana pemecahan ke depan lewat pintu pendidikan untuk menanggulangi badai proxy war yang menggunakan isu panas keagamaan dalam bermain politik kekuasaan sebagai corenya.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-151
Author(s):  
Noureddin Mahmoud Zaamout

Abstract Hamid Dabashi (2012) saw the Arab spring revolutions as a collective act of overcoming the colonial condition and retrieving a repressed cosmopolitan worldliness that has been overshadowed by the contradictions of postcolonial politics. Dabashi posits that the pluralist and egalitarian slogans of protesters were an expression of this worldliness. In this research I assess this claim in the context of Syria. I examine the question: Has this cosmopolitan orientation resurfaced in Syria? I argue that the 2011 Syrian uprising was a retrieval of what Dabashi describes as repressed cosmopolitan worldliness. It was a grassroots attempt to bring an inclusive meaning to Syrianism, consistent with the country’s boundaries and reflective of its ethnic and religious cosmopolitanism. The transformation of the crisis into a global proxy war has resulted in the rise of hundreds of armed groups driven by competing projects that have vacated the revolutionary attempt to redefine Syrianism.


2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Simbar ◽  
Reza Asadi khomami ◽  
Mahnaz Hajgozari
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Hausken ◽  
Mthuli Ncube

We consider revolutions and civil war involving an incumbent, a challenger, and the population. Revolutions are classified into eight outcomes. In four outcomes incumbent repression occurs (viewed as providing sub-threshold benefits such as public goods to the population). Accommodation occurs in the other four outcomes (benefits provision above a threshold). The incumbent and challenger fight each other. The incumbent may win and retain power or else lose, thereby causing standoff or coalition. In a standoff, which is costly, no one backs down and uncertainty exists about who is in power. In a coalition, which is less costly, the incumbent and challenger cooperate, compromise, and negotiate their differences. If the population successfully revolts against the incumbent, the challenger replaces the incumbent. Eighty-seven revolutions during 1961–2011, including the recent Arab spring revolutions, are classified into the eight outcomes. When repressive, the incumbent loses 46 revolutions, remains in power through 21 revolutions, and builds a coalition after 12 revolutions. When accommodative, the incumbent loses seven revolutions and builds a coalition after one revolution. The 87 revolutions are classified across geographic regions and by time-period.


Author(s):  
Efstratia Arampatzi ◽  
Martijn Burger ◽  
Elena Ianchovichina ◽  
Tina Röhricht ◽  
Ruut Veenhoven
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhannad Al Janabi Al Janabi

Since late 2010 and early 2011, the Arab region has witnessed mass protests in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Bahrain and other countries that have been referred to in the political, media and other literature as the Arab Spring. These movements have had a profound effect on the stability of the regimes Which took place against it, as leaders took off and contributed to radical reforms in party structures and public freedoms and the transfer of power, but it also contributed to the occurrence of many countries in an internal spiral, which led to the erosion of the state from the inside until it became a prominent feature of the Arab) as is the case in Syria, Libya, Yemen and Iraq.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Qassim Alwan Saeed ◽  
Khairallah Sabhan Abdullah Al-Jubouri

Social media sites have recently gain an essential importance in the contemporary societies، actually، these sites isn't simply a personal or social tool of communication among people، its role had been expanded to become "political"، words such as "Facebook، Twitter and YouTube" are common words in political fields of our modern days since the uprisings of Arab spring، which sometimes called (Facebook revolutions) as a result of the major impact of these sites in broadcasting process of the revolution message over the world by organize and manage the revolution progresses in spite of the governmental ascendance and official prohibition.


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