scholarly journals TAX AND OWN REVENUES OF LARGE CITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domagoj Karacic ◽  
David Krmpotic ◽  
Marija Iles
Keyword(s):  
Large Cities ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals We Will Feed Our and a New World: Several Cases of Food Ways of Frontier Regions. Part 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Serguey N. Yakushenkov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Food System ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Cultural Types

This article is the second part of the study of regional foodways. If the first part is devoted to the analysis of the foodscape of Astrakhan, the second part analyzes the food system of the Republic of Peru. The choice of this object of study is based on the frontier nature of the region, the diversity of economic and cultural types, and hybridity. All these factors allow us to compare the ways of formation of the foodways of these regions. The Peruvian alimentary landscape began to form in the 16th century, after the conquest of Peru by the Spanish conquistadors. As a result of mutual influences and struggles between elements of autochthonous and alien cultures, a new "hybrid" phenomenon takes shape. The turning point in the development of national cuisine was in the 1930s, when, as a result of gastropolitical strategies, the government managed to create a food system accessible to the workers of large cities. The opening of “people's restaurants” allowed workers to have calorie-dense food. It also contributed to the creation of a national food system. The search for national identity among the Peruvian elite led to the “discovery” of their national roots. The fact that Peruvian culture was based on natural and ethnic diversity made the country's alimentary system diverse and rich. This process coincided with global trends in the approach to food in the sense of a focus on “simple” and “healthy” peasant foods, as opposed to foods undergone of maximum processing. Ultimately, this was manifested in the creation of a “new Andean cuisine” that embraced Peru's centuries-old traditions and the country's natural diversity. In doing so, Peruvian restaurateurs used both familiar approaches to business and invented new ones that went beyond the culinary arts. As a result of the efforts of many culinary masters and restaurateurs, in competition with internationally renowned culinary brands, a new global culinary brand has been created, recognized around the world.

scholarly journals К вопросы сейсмического риска г. Владикавказа

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Zaalishvili ◽  
A. Pinar ◽  
M. Erdik ◽  
O.G. Burdzieva ◽  
D.A. Melkov
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Republic

The last decades in Russia have been characterized by high growth rates of population, industry, infrastructure in large cities and industrial centers located in seismically active regions. The construction did not always take into account the characteristics of local soils and the level of seismic hazard. The study of the consequences of strong and destructive earthquakes created the conditions for new scientific developments in engineering seismology and earthquake-engineering. Seismic zoning of urbanized territories makes it possible to assess the seismic risk of the territory, take measures to strengthen existing buildings and carry out the construction of buildings and structures with a given seismic resistance. This problem is especially relevant for the regions of the Caucasus. The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is located in a fairly high seismically active zone. It seems natural to assess the seismic risk in the capital of the republic – the city of Vladikavkaz. Aim. The aim of the work is to develop and implement modern methodology for the expected seismic risk assessment of a city on the example of Vladikavkaz city. Methods. The methods associated with the assessment (probabilistic or deterministic) of ground motion include consideration a number of processes: earthquake source, disaggregation of probabilistic hazard, empirical relationships of seismic attenuation, site effects, and construction mechanics. All of this demands regularization of Construction Norms parameters with different methodologies and corresponding methodology development based on GIS technology. Results. Previous test area assessment results are presented and tips for improvement and regularization are given. Consideration of specific types of soils and types of building stock with e Последние десятилетия в России отмечены высокими темпами роста населения, промышленности и инфраструктуры в крупных городах и промышленных центрах, расположенных в сейсмически активных регионах. При строительстве не всегда учитывались местные грунтовые условия и уровень сейсмической опасности. Изучение последствий сильных и разрушительных землетрясений создало условия для новых научных разработок в инженерной сейсмологии и сейсмостойком строительстве. Сейсмическое районирование урбанизированных территорий дает возможность оценить сейсмический риск территории, принять меры по усилению существующих построек и осуществить строительство зданий и сооружений с заданной сейсмостойкостью. Эта проблема особенно актуальна для регионов Кавказа. Республика Северная Осетия-Алания расположена в зоне достаточно высокой сейсмической активности. Оценка сейсмического риска в столице Республики - городе Владикавказ становится очевидной. Цель работы. Целью работы является разработка и внедрение современной методологии оценки ожидаемого сейсмического риска города на примере города Владикавказ. Методы исследований. Методы, связанные с оценкой (вероятностной или детерминистической) движений грунта, включают рассмотрение ряда процессов: очага землетрясения, отделения вероятностной опасности, эмпирических соотношений затухания сейсмических волн, влияния площадки и строительной механики. Все это требует упорядочения параметров строительных норм с использованием различных методологий и разработки соответствующей методики на основе ГИС-технологий. Результаты работ. Представлены результаты предыдущей оценки тестовой области и даны советы по улучшению и регуляризации. Рассмотрение конкретных типов грунтов и типов застройки с оценкой интенсивности и уязвимости типов зданий дало разный уровень ожидаемых экономических потерь

scholarly journals RELIGIOUS IDENTITY AND INTRODUCTION OF CHILDREN TO RELIGION IN INTERETHNIC FAMILIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
N.V. Korovkina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Sadretdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Interethnic Marriage ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Interfaith Marriages ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Republic

The article reveals some results of a sociological study on the features of religious identity of spouses and social practices of children's inclusion in interethnic families (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan). This topic is most relevant for multi-ethnic regions, where interfaith marriages are quite common, despite the presence of isolationist attitudes among a part of the population. Marriages between representatives of various religious movements lead to the formation of a special cross-cultural environment of interaction, which requires the spouses to make many decisions, including on the confessional affiliation of children, on the choice of mechanisms for the formation of religious identity. Based on the author's research, the article analyses the state of religious identity of a resident of a multi-ethnic region in a dynamic aspect. Special attention is paid to spouses who are in an interethnic marriage. The author studies variants of religious communications, among which the dominant one is the co-existence of religions in variations from "common / unified religion" to "equality". Most of the families studied are classified as egalitarian and democratic in terms of their power structure and upbringing model. The article provides data on the state of religious identity of children raised in multi-ethnic families. The authors call traditional, psychological and educational motives for introducing children to religion the predominant ones. Based on the presented material, the authors come to the conclusion that there are two most common models of introducing children to religion in interethnic families: passive (indirect) and active religious socialization. The first model is the most popular among residents of large cities, while traditional families choose the second one.

scholarly journals ’n kritiese beskouing van die rol en funksies van die gemeenskapsgesondheids verpleegkundige in groot stedelike plaaslike owerheidsdienste in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika

Curationis ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Health Nurse ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Community Health Nurse ◽  
Present Role

The aim o f this study was to determine and describe the role and functions o f the community health nurse in the health services o f local authorities o f the larger cities within the framework o f legislation regarding health and the health service structure o f the Republic o f South Africa. A questionnaire was used to gather data in connection with the present role and functions o f the community health nurse who is responsible fo r direct client I patient care in the local authority areas o f Greater Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban, Pretoria, Johannesburg and Bloemfontein. The information gained from the questionnaires was followed up by personal observations o f the services tendered in Greater Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, after it had been computed. The study indicates that the community health nurse in the urban, local authority health services o f the Republic makes a very important contribution to the delivery o f services within the provisions o f the Health Act, no. 63 of 1977. The analysis o f the computed data and personal observations showed that the community health nurse in the large cities must carry out a certain percentage o f the administrative, educational, preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative activities in the services.

scholarly journals Study on Urban Spatial Pattern Based on DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4879
Author(s):  
Luguang Jiang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
Cheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Construction

In recent years, much attention has been given to the current situation and trend regarding economic development in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), of which urbanization is an important indicator. In the present study, (i) the urbanized area is estimated using DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS, (ii) the current spatial pattern and the change characteristics of typical cities are revealed, and (iii) the scale and developmental stage of major cities in the DPRK are judged through comparison. Although the DPRK is relatively closed, the financial crisis in 2008 indirectly affected its economic development, and a large gap remains between the urbanization level of the DPRK and that of China and the Republic of Korea. The large cities in the DPRK are located mainly in its eastern coastal areas and western plains, and there has been no significant expansion in Pyongyang, Chungjin, and Hamhung in the past 28 years. Although economic construction has begun again recently in the DPRK, further reform and opening are required. As the DPRK’s relations with its neighbors and countries around the world improve, its economic development and urban construction will present a new pattern.

scholarly journals Urban parks and their impact on the sustainable development of the tourist area: international experience and prospects of its application in the Kaliningrad region and the Republic of Tatarstan (RF)

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
L. Semenova ◽  
O. Bunakov ◽  
L. Puryzhova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, self-organized travel, in which a tourist without the help of travel agents forms his tour package, buying air tickets, booking hotels, transfers and other services, is becoming increasingly popular. All this became possible primarily thanks to the development of Internet services, which have recently become available and easy to use. In addition, the system of electronic payments allows you to pay for the ordered services in a short time anywhere in the world. It can be concluded that the share of independent travel will increase every year. The most popular destinations for such independent travel are national capitals and large cities with well-developed infrastructure. According to the latest research, tourists come on average for 3-4 days, stay in economy class hotels (or rented apartments), eat in authentic medium level establishments. While on holiday, they visit certain sights, such as museums, monumental buildings, nature reserves and so on. Much time is also spent walking around the city, when tourists enjoy visiting and resting in city parks. In this article, we will consider the impact of urban parks on tourism, as well as highlight the main benefits of developing the urban park environment in the context of sustainable development of the territory and attracting tourists.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements of the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 10019
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ponomarev ◽  
Ekaterina Pokka ◽  
Anna Yudakova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mega Cities

One of the key issues of modern architecture and urban development is the decline of urban life in small towns and settlements, which are experiencing the negative consequences of the new socioeconomic reality. The urbanization process, characterized by rising large cities and mega-cities is provided by an increasing influx of migration from small historical cities and settlements. However, small urban settlements, preserving features of historical architecture, natural attraction and provincial coziness are important factors in restraining the uncontrolled growth of mega-cities and as a condition for the preservation of local culture and traditions of sustainable ecological balance of the regional settlement system. Obviously, the issue of integrated development of small historical settlements is coming to the fore. To solve this problem the authors propose a cluster approach that effectively develops the architectural environment of such cities and creates attractive living and tourism environments. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements, aimed at a comprehensive transformation of their architectural environment while preserving of valuable historical, cultural and architectural heritage. The limitation of the research is the Republic of Tatarstan.

scholarly journals PROCESSES OF URBANIZATION IN THE TOWNS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN IN THE XX-TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Esnazarova Zulfiya Baltashevna
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Social Economics ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the study of the processes of urbanization in the cities and towns of the Republic of Karakalpakstan in the XX-th century. There have been defined the reasons of urbanization and distinguished three periods in the processes of urbanization: the study of culture and economics in large centers, spreading of culture in countryside and striving of villages and towns to achieve the level of large cities. KEY WORDS: urbanization, town, village, phenomenon, demography, social, economics, intensive, evolutionary, integration, agroindustry.

scholarly journals Evolution of Tatarstan’s Local Self-Governments and Challenges They Face

ADALAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refly Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way

Abstract: The laws in the Republic of Tatarstan tend to limit the powers and coverage of local self-government, but Tatarstan’s laws go even further than most in maintaining the “power vertical” which allows state authorities to keep tight control of local self-governments. This control is exercised officially through the laws, and in practice, with financial controls. The local self- governments have difficulty with self financing and are left beholden to state authorities. Because the heads of the 43 administrative districts and 11 large cities in Tartarstan are directly appointed by the president, he exercises rigid control all the way down to the local level. In addition, because these administration heads are allowed to run for parliament, the president has also consolidated considerable power on the level of the republic’s government. In effect, government on the level of the administrative districts and large cities in the republic is completely in the hands of the president and his appointees, who also have financial control over local self- governments.Keywords: Evolution, Tatarstan Local Government, Challenges Faced Abstrak:Undang-undang di Republik Tatarstan cenderung membatasi kekuasaan dan cakupan pemerintahan setempat, tetapi undang-undang Tatarstan bahkan lebih jauh daripada kebanyakan undang-undang lainnya dalam mempertahankan "vertikal kekuasaan" yang memungkinkan otoritas negara untuk menjaga kontrol ketat atas pemerintahan sendiri. Kontrol ini dilakukan secara resmi melalui undang-undang, dan dalam praktiknya, dengan kontrol keuangan. Pemerintah daerah sendiri mengalami kesulitan dengan pembiayaan dan diserahkan kepada otoritas negara. Karena kepala dari 43 distrik administratif dan 11 kota besar di Tartarstan ditunjuk langsung oleh presiden, maka menjalankan kontrol yang kaku sampai ke tingkat lokal. Selain itu, karena para kepala pemerintahan ini diizinkan mencalonkan diri sebagai parlemen, presiden juga telah mengkonsolidasikan kekuasaan yang cukup besar di tingkat pemerintahan republik. Akibatnya, pemerintahan di tingkat distrik administratif dan kota-kota besar di republik sepenuhnya berada di tangan presiden dan orang-orang yang ditunjuknya yang juga memiliki kendali keuangan atas pemerintahan sendiri daerah.Kata Kunci: Evolusi, Pemerintahan Lokal Tatarstan, Tantangan Yang Dihadapi

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