scholarly journals Reproducibility and repeatability of hybrid propulsion systems operation indexes in test conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Ireneusz PIELECHA ◽  
Wojciech CIEŚLIK ◽  
Michał SIWOŃ
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
System A ◽  
Practical Evaluation

The analysis of driving tests repeatability is an important issue in terms of measuring the parameters determining operating conditions of the engine and the vehicle. Most of the typical tests apply to powertrains systems or entire vehicles. This paper undertakes the issue of practical evaluation of the tests repeatability on test stands equipped with a hybrid drive system. A high reproducibility of driving tests using only the accelerator pedal settings was obtained. Also a significant battery charge level influence on the repeatability of selected parameters of the hybrid drive system in driving tests was proved. Such dependence on the level of battery charge was demonstrated for the vehicle speed, combustion engine speed and the degree of the combustion engine utilization, affecting at the same time the operating conditions of the electric motor.

scholarly journals Energy consumption of a passenger car with a hybrid powertrain in real traffic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Mariusz Graba ◽  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽  
Krystian Hennek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Passenger Car

The analysis of energy consumption in a hybrid drive system of a passenger car in real road conditions is an important factor determining its operational indicators. The article presents energy consumption analysis of a car equipped with an advanced Plug-in Hybrid Drive System (PHEV), driving in real road conditions on a test section of about 51 km covered in various environmental conditions and seasons. Particular attention was paid to the energy consumption resulting from the cooperation of two independent drive units, analyzed in terms of the total energy expenditure. The energy consumption obtained from fuel and energy collected from the car’s batteries for each run over the total distance of 12,500 km was summarized. The instantaneous values of energy consumption for the hybrid drive per kilometer of distance traveled in car’s real operating conditions range from 0.6 to 1.4 MJ/km, with lower values relating to the vehicle operation only with electric drive. The upper range applies to the internal combustion engine, which increases not only the energy expenditure in the TTW (Tank-to-Wheel) system, but also CO2 emissions to the environment. Based on the experimental data, the curves of total energy consumption per kilometer of the road section traveled were determined, showing a close correlation with the actual operating conditions. Obtained values were compared with homologation data from the WLTP test of the tested passenger car, where the average value of energy demand is 1.1 MJ/km and the CO2 emission is 23 g/km.

scholarly journals Selected Issues of Hybrid Outboard Motors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Wojciech Leśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Test Rig

Abstract The aim of the research reported in the article was designing a hybrid drive system based on an outboard internal combustion engine offered by a selected producer and testing its operating characteristics. The article presents different designs of this type of drive which can be found in the literature and are available in the market. The designed hybrid outboard drive system was tested both on the laboratory test rig and in real operating conditions. The results of these tests are included.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3966
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Michał Śmieja ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Unit ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg · m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg · m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg · m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg · m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

Assessment of a Strategy for Optimum Control of Ignition Advance Angle

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Quayle ◽  
S R Bhot
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
System A ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Inlet Manifold

The control of ignition timing in an internal combustion engine can improve fuel consumption. Electronic control implemented in software with a microprocessor has advantages over conventional mechanical systems. An open-loop electronic system, while incorporating an optimum profile against inlet manifold vacuum and speed, cannot readily adjust for wear. The optimum crank angle at which the peak cylinder pressure occurs has been found to be reasonably constant for a particular engine design irrespective of operating conditions. This paper presents a discussion of the use of this parameter as a measurand for a closed-loop ignition timing system. A discussion is presented of the control strategy used and results demonstrate the ability of the strategy to maintain constant the peak pressure position.

scholarly journals Analysis of the exhaust emissions from hybrid vehicle during RDE test

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ziolkowski ◽  
Pawel Daszkiewicz ◽  
Lukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Fuc ◽  
Pawel Ukleja
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Emission Norm ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Test Route ◽  
Selection Of

The introduction of the Euro 6c emission norm in 2017 resulted in a change of the type approval procedures. The most important of these was the replacement of the NEDC test with WLTC test with different procedures. In addition, the research was extended to include emission tests in real operating conditions (RDE). Such tests are enforced for heavy vehicles since 2014. PEMS apparatus was used for the measurements, which has been used by many research and development centers to carry out exhaust emissions measurements long before the applicable procedures were introduced. The article presents the methodology of conducting RDE measurements in accordance with the requirements defined by the Euro 6c norm. The focus in this case was primarily on the selection of the test route in the Poznań agglomeration. After determining its course, RDE measurements were made for a vehicle with a hybrid drive. The test route parameters have complied with the applicable requirements. All requirements were met and it was possible to analyze the exhaust emissions. The main focus being the determination of exhaust emissions from the entire test and in accordance with the EMROAD method. The CF (Comformity Factor) coefficients were also determined for both methods and compared with the applicable legal values. An analysis of the hybrid drive system operation was carried out, defining the degree of hybridization, which is the portion of the vehicle travel using only the electric motor of the drive system throughout the whole test. All analyzes were carried out in individual sections of the test: urban, rural and motorway.

Strategy Motion Control of Mobile Robots with Hybrid Drives According to Energy Recuperation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 895-898
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Ilyukhin ◽  
A.V. Tatarintseva
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
Energy Recuperation

We solve the problem of choosing the speed of a mobile robot with ahybrid drive. Hybrid drive consists of an internal combustion engine and anelectric torque drive. We are interested in the modes, which provide the mostefficient process for energy recuperation. We present the mathematicaldependences that describe the process of energy recuperation. We offersuggestions on the choice of the speed of the robot, including taking intoaccount the limitations of current battery charge. It is necessary to note thatthese researches were financed by Ministry of Science of Russia Federationwithin the state task in the sphere of scientific activity

scholarly journals Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from a Combustion Engine under Simulated Actual Operating Conditions in Real Driving Emissions Test

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Monika Andrych-Zalewska ◽  
Zdzislaw Chlopek ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Specific Distance

The paper describes the methodology of research of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under engine states determined by the vehicle actual operation in the RDE test. The processes of quantities determining the vehicle motion and engine states have been recorded, along with the exhaust emission intensity. Based on the developed research methodology, zero-dimensional characteristics of the processes of the emission intensity have been determined under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. The authors also determined the average specific distance exhaust emissions under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. Based on the above results, the unique characteristics of the relation of the average specific distance emissions and the average vehicle speed have been obtained. The obtained characteristics may be used in the modeling of exhaust emissions from motor vehicles under actual traffic conditions. The authors also explored the sensitivity of the average specific distance emissions to the vehicle driving style.

Dynamic behaviour of V-belt drive system in the presence of sheaves’ lateral misalignment

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1679
Author(s):  
S Fenina ◽  
T Fakhfakh ◽  
M Haddar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Transverse Motion ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
System A ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Serpentine Belt

This paper presents the effects of lateral misalignment of sheaves, on the transverse span displacements of a serpentine belt drive system that contains a driving sheave, a driven sheave, a belt, and a dynamic tensioner. This defect gives rise to dangerous operating conditions for the system. A hybrid discrete—continuous model is adopted, in which the coupling between the discrete variables describing the rotational motion of the three sheaves and the tensioner arm and the continuous variables describing the transverse motion of the belt spans is taken into account. An analytical method based on the perturbation method is used to determine the explicit expressions of the transverse span displacements and permits the study of the effects of design variables on the dynamic behaviour of the system in the presence of the defect described earlier.

scholarly journals Assessment of parameters of the hybrid drive system in vehicles in urban traffic conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Wojciech Cieślik ◽  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Andrzej Szałek
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Drive Systems

Continuously increasing share of the hybrid and electric vehicles in the global automotive market justifies the need for detailed analysis of the operational effectiveness of these drive systems. The aim of the study was to assess the operational conditions of the combustion engines and electric motors in hybrid drive systems – full hybrid – of the motor vehicles in urban traffic conditions. Variety of designs of such drive systems is related to the high voltage batteries used and the way of charging them. The road tests were conducted in Warsaw (urban traffic conditions) by recording the operational parameters of three vehicles and their driving systems. The conditions of operation of the combustion engine and electric motors along with the values of their high voltage battery charge level were related to the test routes. The analysis of the relative shares of engine and motor operation time in the total time of vehicle operation in urban traffic conditions was conducted. The scope of operation of the hybrid drive system utilizing only electric propulsion system was determined. The relations between the operational indexes of the hybrid propulsion (combustion engine and electric motor) in real traffic conditions and the charge level of batteries, current speeds and accelerations were shown.

scholarly journals Indexes of performance of combustion engines in hybrid vehicles during the UDC test

2015 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Wojciech CIEŚLIK ◽  
Ireneusz PIELECHA ◽  
Andrzej SZAŁEK
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
High Voltage Battery ◽  
Drive Systems

An increased interest in hybrid drive systems allowing reduction of fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, as well as their partial use as zero–emission vehicles promotes the development of these types of drive systems. The market analysis indicates an increased sale of hybrid drives in vehicles, and this means that actions taken towards of reduction of fuel consumption are still valid. The aim of this article is to indicate the indexes of performance of combustion engines in hybrid vehicles during a part of the type-approval driving test. The article analyses Toyota hybrid vehicles with particular attention paid to the parameters of the hybrid drive system and the influence of the charge level of battery on the share of the combustion engine operation in the total time of the vehicle operation. The analysis was carried out for vehicles equipped with the Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive system working with different types of high voltage battery.

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