scholarly journals Répartition de la fièvre catarrhale ovine et des Culicoides spp. de 2005 à 2008 au Portugal

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
T. Nunes ◽  
I. Fonseca ◽  
A. Baptista ◽  
H. Martins ◽  
C. Agrela Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
East Central ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
And Control ◽  
Obsoletus Complex ◽  
Geographical Units

The first outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in Portugal occurred in 1956 and was caused by BT virus serotype 10 (BTV-10). The dis­ease was declared eradicated in 1960. Forty-four years later, in November 2004, BT re-occurred in Portugal, caused by BTV-4, and again, in September 2007, by BTV-1. It has persisted in some regions of the country since then. To help control the disease, a BT entomological programme was implemented in Portugal in 2005 and some of the results are now reported, focusing on Culicoides species as BTV potential vectors. In the framework of the national entomological programme, the country was divided into 45 geographical units (GUs) (50 km side squares). Mini-CDC light traps were used to collect insects in selected ruminant herds in different GUs. During the period of September 2005 to May 2008, 2990 valid catches were made and ten Culicoides species were identified. C. imicola was the main species identified and accounted for 81.73% of the specimens collected, with a peak occurrence in September. C. Obsoletus complex accounted for 4.45% of the specimens, with peaks occurring from May to July. C. pulicaris accounted for 0.04% only of the collections. C. imicola was caught 18.3 times more and mean specimens were collected 8.9 times more per trap than C. obsoletus. Although C. imicola was collected in more northern latitudes than previously reported in Portugal, these catches were sporadic and with a low number of specimens. C. imicola predominantly occurred in the East-Central and South regions of Portugal and prevailed in the areas where BT outbreaks occurred. Its marked seasonal occur­rence coincided with the period of BT outbreaks in Portugal. C. imicola is thus considered the main vector of BTV in Portugal, and official sanitary prophylactic and control measures should be implemented accordingly to decrease the risk of transmission.

scholarly journals Variabilité spatiale des captures de Culicoides dans des fermes de la zone de Bala au nord du Pays de Galles

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Guis ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
David Sugden ◽  
K. M. McIntire ◽  
Maria J. Vilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Abundance ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of Culicoides catches at a local scale using environmental data and farm characteristics. A thrice-replicated random sampling design was set up on a 1x1 km grid in a 6x6 km study site in Bala, North Wales in July 2008 over a period of 12 days using Onderstepoort black light traps to catch Culicoides. Overall, 132 catches were made on 35 farms, 32 of which were sampled three times and three of which were sampled daily. A total of 357,229 Culicoides encompassing 19 species (mean catch = 2706 per trap and per night; maximum catch = 65,763) were caught. The species of the Obsoletus complex accounted for 62% of the catches. Environmental factors (such as land cover, land use, soil type, altitude and weather) and farm characteristics (animals, insecticide use, dung management, proximity to water and to potential breeding sites, and openness of the landscape) will be used to model the abundance of Culicoides species. The influ­ence of Culicoides abundance in neighbouring farms will also be assessed and accounted for. This will help better understand spa­tial distribution and variability of Culicoides densities at a local scale and provide elements for discussion on how to approach mapping and modelling of vector abundance at coarser scales.

scholarly journals Répartition et abondance des moucherons piqueurs, vecteurs potentiels de la fièvre catarrhale ovine, en Suisse

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
C. Kaufmann ◽  
C. Schaffner ◽  
A. Tschuor ◽  
A. Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Vector Competence ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
The Third ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

Indigenous biting midges proved to be highly efficient vectors for the recently introduced bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8). Since its introduction in Northern Europe, the virus has rapidly spread, reaching Switzerland in 2008. The aims of this project are to determine the distribution, abundance, and activity pat­terns of biting midges occurring in Switzerland. Insects were caught with Onderstepoort ultraviolet light traps once weekly at stations representing the 12 climatic regions of Switzerland throughout the whole year. In addition, catches were carried out at five stations in an Alpine region of Switzerland at alti­tudes between 1300 and 2000 metres above sea level from the end of June to the end of October 2008. Midges were grouped under the stereomicroscope into Obsoletus complex, Pulicaris complex or other Culicoides spp. Midges were caught at all stations, albeit in very different numbers. The highest monthly average was 10,000 midges per night (Dittingen); the third high­est average was recorded at the highest station (Juf, 2130 m). At stations below 1500 m, midges of the Obsoletus complex (98% in Dittingen) were predominant. In Central Europe, they are considered the most likely vectors responsible for BTV trans­mission. With increasing altitude, midges of the Pulicaris com­plex prevailed (91% in Juf). Catches in two neighbouring Alpine mountains of similar altitude (approximately 2000 m) varied considerably. It is most likely that there are no midge-free zones in the agricultural areas (including Alpine summer pastures) of Switzerland, but the vector competence of the various midges with regard to BTV needs to be urgently clarified.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

The Mediterranean Action Plan: A Regional Approach to Pollution Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Lj Jeftié ◽  
L. J. Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Control

Increasing concern over the deterioration of the Mediterranean sea as a result of increasing pollution by untreated sewage and industrial wastes, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers and oil discharges, led to a series of meetings between 1970 and 1974, and finally to the UNEP-sponsored Mediterranean Action Plan, adopted by governments of the region in 1975 and ongoing since that time. The legal component of the Plan includes a framework Convention and four protocols; the environmental assessment component (the MED POL programme) consists of national pollution monitoring programmes, and research projects conducted by Mediterranean institutions; the environmental management component consists of the Blue Plan (a prospective study combining socio-economic development with environmental preservation) and the Priority Actions Programme (a series of sub-region sectoral projects in defined areas). The Plan has been financed by Mediterranean States since 1979, and is managed by UNEP with the cooperation of other competent UN Agencies. During the last ten years, activities undertaken have improved knowledge of the state of pollution of the Mediterranean sea, and facilitated joint regional action in the form of preventive and control measures.

An evaluation model of 2019-nCoV prevention effectiveness based on immigration data in China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangsheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Best Fit

BACKGROUND As of the end of February 2020, 2019-nCoV is currently well controlled in China. However, the virus is now spreading globally. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control measures in a region. METHODS A model is built for find the best fit for two sets of data (the number of daily new diagnosed, and the risk value of incoming immigration population). The parameters (offset and time window) in the model can be used as the evaluation of effectiveness of outbreak prevention and control. RESULTS Through study, it is found that the parameter offset and time window in the model can accurately reflect the prevention effectiveness. Some related data and public news confirm this result. And this method has advantages over the method using R0 in two aspects. CONCLUSIONS If the epidemic situation is well controlled, the virus is not terrible. Now the daily new diagnosed patients in most regions of China is quickly reduced to zero or close to zero. Chinese can do a good job in the face of huge epidemic pressure. Therefore, if other countries can do well in prevention and control, the epidemic in those places can also pass quickly.

Investigation on emotion and behavior of children aged 1-11 during the pandemic of COVID-19: A Cross-sectional study in Guizhou, China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Mo ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Dewei Xiao ◽  
Shuqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND In face of the sudden epidemic of COVID-19, strict prevention and control measures had been urgently carried out all over China. Because of the long-term home quarantine, all kinds of people were affected by it. OBJECTIVE In order to understand the mental health of children during the pandemic of COVID-19, this study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of emotional and behavioral problems of children aged 1-11 in Guizhou. METHODS Based on the online survey platform, the survey link was pushed through Wechat in April 2020. Electronic questionnaires were used to investigate children's demographic characteristics, emotional or behavioral problems. RESULTS A total of 3505 valid questionnaires were received from 9 prefectures and cities in Guizhou Province. 39.67% of the children in the 1-2-year-old group had emotional problems. 17.63% of the children agd 3-5 years had behavioral or emotional problems. And 23.57% of the children agd 6-11 years havd behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS During the home quarantine period of prevention and control of COVID-19, even young children were adversely affected. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was high, which was mainly manifested as anxiety, difficulty in concentration and sleep problems.

Extremes of Temperature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Krake
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extremes Of Temperature

This chapter covers extremes of temperature conditions, physiological effects, and prevention. All deaths caused by exposure to hot and cold temperature extremes are preventable when proper measures are taken. Described in this chapter are the effects of extreme heat and extreme cold on the health of members of the public, particularly older people and young people, and workers employed in various workplace settings. The differences between heat stress and heat strain are also discussed, as are various regulations governing exposure to temperature extremes. The nature and magnitude of heat- and cold-related conditions and symptoms are described in detail. Final sections of the chapter address various assessment and evaluation tools as well as prevention and control measures. In addition, an appendix describes the hazards related to hyperbaric and hypobaric environments and adverse health effects.

Weed Control in a Conservation Tillage Rotation in the Texas Blacklands

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
John E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
No Till ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate weed control systems in a conservation tillage rotation of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] – cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) – wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Herbicide systems included fall and spring/summer inputs of high and low intensity. Tillage regimes were no-till (NT) and reduced-till (RT) systems; the latter included fall primary tillage followed by spring stale seedbed planting. Both tillage systems utilized controlled traffic lanes and wide, raised beds. Effective johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] control required intense herbicide inputs at one or both application periods, i.e., in the fall and/or spring/summer. Grain sorghum and cotton yields for the most intense weed control system, which included high inputs in both the fall and spring/summer, were not superior to systems that included high inputs in only one of the two application periods. Seedling johnsongrass emergence occurred before spring planting in RT (but not in NT) in 2 of 3 yr, and control measures were ineffective. After 3 yr, the predominant weeds were johnsongrass and browntop panicum (Panicum fasciculatumSw. # PANFA).

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