scholarly journals Répartition et abondance des moucherons piqueurs, vecteurs potentiels de la fièvre catarrhale ovine, en Suisse

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
C. Kaufmann ◽  
C. Schaffner ◽  
A. Tschuor ◽  
A. Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Vector Competence ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
The Third ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

Indigenous biting midges proved to be highly efficient vectors for the recently introduced bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8). Since its introduction in Northern Europe, the virus has rapidly spread, reaching Switzerland in 2008. The aims of this project are to determine the distribution, abundance, and activity pat­terns of biting midges occurring in Switzerland. Insects were caught with Onderstepoort ultraviolet light traps once weekly at stations representing the 12 climatic regions of Switzerland throughout the whole year. In addition, catches were carried out at five stations in an Alpine region of Switzerland at alti­tudes between 1300 and 2000 metres above sea level from the end of June to the end of October 2008. Midges were grouped under the stereomicroscope into Obsoletus complex, Pulicaris complex or other Culicoides spp. Midges were caught at all stations, albeit in very different numbers. The highest monthly average was 10,000 midges per night (Dittingen); the third high­est average was recorded at the highest station (Juf, 2130 m). At stations below 1500 m, midges of the Obsoletus complex (98% in Dittingen) were predominant. In Central Europe, they are considered the most likely vectors responsible for BTV trans­mission. With increasing altitude, midges of the Pulicaris com­plex prevailed (91% in Juf). Catches in two neighbouring Alpine mountains of similar altitude (approximately 2000 m) varied considerably. It is most likely that there are no midge-free zones in the agricultural areas (including Alpine summer pastures) of Switzerland, but the vector competence of the various midges with regard to BTV needs to be urgently clarified.

scholarly journals Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa : research communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Labuschagne ◽  
L.J. Gerber ◽  
I. Espie ◽  
S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Far East ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Culicoides Biting Midges

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated during 2002-2004. In total, 37 species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity at the National Zoological Gardens.

scholarly journals Comparaison de l'efficacité de quatre modèles de pièges lumineux pour la collecte de Culicoides piqueurs en Allemagne

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Probst ◽  
Helge Kampen ◽  
D. Werner ◽  
Jörn M. Gethmann ◽  
Franz J. Conraths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Bluetongue Disease ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Pièges Lumineux ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are vectors of bluetongue disease, an OIE-listed animal disease which has recently led to severe economic losses in susceptible livestock species in Europe. Therefore, several affected countries conduct monitor­ing programmes for Culicoides spp. To compare the number and species composition of Culicoides obtained, the efficacy of various traps used to collect biting midges needs to be assessed. Four aspiration black light traps were thus compared: the Onderstepoort, John W. Hock, Riebt, and Biogents. One of the traps was operated from the 1st of April 2009 to determine the onset of increased Culicoides activity and thus the best time to start the study. The comparison was carried out from May 16th until September 26th. The traps were set up at four different sites on pastures of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut where cattle, sheep and goats were present. The comparison was carried out according to the Medreonet protocol in a 4×4 randomized Latin square design with one night of activity for each trap at each site. The highest number of Culicoides specimens was captured by the Onderstepoort (1245), followed by the Biogents (365), the Hock (30) and the Riebt (4) traps. The majority of midges caught was classified as belonging to the Obsoletus complex (1399), including C. obsoletus s.s., C. scoticus and C. chiopterus. Other encountered species were C. punctatus s.s. (87), C. albicans (78) and C. riethi (50). Most biting midges were collected in May (594) and June (575). In September only one Culicoides speci­men was caught. The results show that the trap model has a great impact on the number of Culicoides caught. Culicoides monitor­ing programmes should be harmonised by using the same type of trap everywhere or by adjusting the numbers of collected biting midges using a trap factor. The trap model should be taken into consideration in the decision to declare the seasonally-determined vector-free periods.

scholarly journals Répartition de la fièvre catarrhale ovine et des Culicoides spp. de 2005 à 2008 au Portugal

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
T. Nunes ◽  
I. Fonseca ◽  
A. Baptista ◽  
H. Martins ◽  
C. Agrela Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
East Central ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
And Control ◽  
Obsoletus Complex ◽  
Geographical Units

The first outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in Portugal occurred in 1956 and was caused by BT virus serotype 10 (BTV-10). The dis­ease was declared eradicated in 1960. Forty-four years later, in November 2004, BT re-occurred in Portugal, caused by BTV-4, and again, in September 2007, by BTV-1. It has persisted in some regions of the country since then. To help control the disease, a BT entomological programme was implemented in Portugal in 2005 and some of the results are now reported, focusing on Culicoides species as BTV potential vectors. In the framework of the national entomological programme, the country was divided into 45 geographical units (GUs) (50 km side squares). Mini-CDC light traps were used to collect insects in selected ruminant herds in different GUs. During the period of September 2005 to May 2008, 2990 valid catches were made and ten Culicoides species were identified. C. imicola was the main species identified and accounted for 81.73% of the specimens collected, with a peak occurrence in September. C. Obsoletus complex accounted for 4.45% of the specimens, with peaks occurring from May to July. C. pulicaris accounted for 0.04% only of the collections. C. imicola was caught 18.3 times more and mean specimens were collected 8.9 times more per trap than C. obsoletus. Although C. imicola was collected in more northern latitudes than previously reported in Portugal, these catches were sporadic and with a low number of specimens. C. imicola predominantly occurred in the East-Central and South regions of Portugal and prevailed in the areas where BT outbreaks occurred. Its marked seasonal occur­rence coincided with the period of BT outbreaks in Portugal. C. imicola is thus considered the main vector of BTV in Portugal, and official sanitary prophylactic and control measures should be implemented accordingly to decrease the risk of transmission.

Bluetongue virus detection in new Culicoides species in Sardinia, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (20) ◽  
pp. 621-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cipriano Foxi ◽  
Giorgio Meloni ◽  
Giantonella Puggioni ◽  
Daniela Manunta ◽  
Angelamaria Rocchigiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Obsoletus Complex ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Bluetongue is an infectious disease transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Culicoides imicola is considered the main vector in the Mediterranean basin but other species have been implicated in the Bluetongue virus (BTV) transmission. During 2017, BTV serotype 4 re-occurred in Sardinia causing outbreaks in sheep farms. A survey was carried out on affected farms with the aim to detect the virus in field-collected Culicoides. Biting midges were morphologically identified, pooled and then assayed with a real time RT-PCR. To evaluate BTV dissemination, some Culicoides were dissected and head, thorax and abdomen were tested singly by PCR. A total of 173,738 Culicoides adults were collected. Viral RNA was detected in 68 out of 77 pools and all species analysed resulted positive. Detection of BTV in parous female body regions (head, thorax and abdomen) confirmed the full dissemination of BTV in all species analysed. During this study, the vector competence of C imicola, C newsteadi s.l. and Obsoletus complex was confirmed. The authors found two new Culicoides species BTV positive, C paolae never associated with BTV transmission and C circumscriptus only recently found BTV positive in Turkey, which could be considered potential vectors.

scholarly journals Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Northeast of Brazil

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Raisa Rodrigues Santos Rios ◽  
Maria Clara Alves Santarém ◽  
Karlos Antônio Lisboa Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Breno Araujo de Melo ◽  
Sybelle Georgia Mesquita da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases

The species of the Culicoides genus are hematophagous, and some of them are vectors of important human and animal diseases. This group of insects is distributed worldwide, varying according to local species. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of specific species is crucial for the development and implementation of control strategies. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Culicoides in the state of Alagoas in northeast Brazil. Midges were captured with CDC light traps, and their identification and morphological analyses were performed by the Ceratopogonidae Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ/CCER) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological analyses were performed using the key to Culicoides from the guttatus group and comparison with other deposited specimens. DNA sequencing, genetic analysis and comparison with sequences in the Genbank database, confirmed the identification of the flies as Culicoides insignis. This was the first formal report of C. insignis being found in Alagoas.

scholarly journals Intercalibration of different light-traps and bulbs used in moth monitoring in northern Europe

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reima Leinonen ◽  
Guy Söderman ◽  
Juhani Itämies ◽  
Seppo Rytkönen ◽  
Ilpo Rutanen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Mercury Vapour Lamp ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Tungsten Lamp

Four different combinations of light-traps and bulbs were tested during the summer 1996 in Kainuu, northern Finland: a Jalas model with a 160-W (J/160W) blended light lamp or a 125-W (J/125W) mercury vapour lamp, a Ryrholm trap with a 125-W (R/125W) mercury vapour lamp and a Rothamsted trap with a 200-W tungsten lamp (G/200W). The traps were rotated between four sites every night, but were kept in the same position for the fifth night in order to prevent the possible influence of moonlight. The longest distance between the traps was 150m, and there was no direct visibility between any of them. Three orders were inspected, i.e. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera, the total numbers of individuals and species being as follows: 20857/425, 862/101 and 1868/58. G/200W collected significantly fewer moths than the other traps. In some cases, J/125W collected significantly more moths and less species than the J/160W design. The R/125W design collected significantly more species than the J/160W design. Similar differences in the effectiveness of the lamps and traps were found in the case of Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Alpha diversities showed the same trend.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of FANCM Protein Truncating Variants in European Breast Cancer Cases

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisella Figlioli ◽  
Anders Kvist ◽  
Emma Tham ◽  
Jana Soukupova ◽  
Petra Kleiblova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Initial Spectrum ◽  
European Populations

Germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) in the FANCM gene have been associated with a 2–4-fold increased breast cancer risk in case-control studies conducted in different European populations. However, the distribution and the frequency of FANCM PTVs in Europe have never been investigated. In the present study, we collected the data of 114 European female breast cancer cases with FANCM PTVs ascertained in 20 centers from 13 European countries. We identified 27 different FANCM PTVs. The p.Gln1701* PTV is the most common PTV in Northern Europe with a maximum frequency in Finland and a lower relative frequency in Southern Europe. On the contrary, p.Arg1931* seems to be the most common PTV in Southern Europe. We also showed that p.Arg658*, the third most common PTV, is more frequent in Central Europe, and p.Gln498Thrfs*7 is probably a founder variant from Lithuania. Of the 23 rare or unique FANCM PTVs, 15 have not been previously reported. We provide here the initial spectrum of FANCM PTVs in European breast cancer cases.

scholarly journals Vector Competence of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 2 Strains from Canada and Florida

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L. McGregor ◽  
Dinesh Erram ◽  
Carolina Acevedo ◽  
Barry W. Alto ◽  
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Culicoides Sonorensis

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), an Orbivirus transmitted by Culicoides spp. vectors, is represented by seven serotypes and numerous strains worldwide. While studies comparing vector competence between serotypes exist, studies between viral strains are lacking. In this study, we examined the rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission of two strains of EHDV-2 orally fed to the known vector, Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones. Culicoides sonorensis cohorts were fed an infectious blood meal containing EHDV-2 strains from either Alberta, Canada (Can-Alberta) or Florida (5.5 log10 PFUe/mL) and tested for the vector’s susceptibility to infection and dissemination. In addition, transmission rates of the virus were assessed and compared using capillary tube and honey card methods. Our results show that the Florida strain had higher infection and dissemination rates than the Can-Alberta strain in spite of the Florida strain having significantly lower viral titers in C. sonorensis bodies, legs, and saliva than the Can-Alberta strain. Overall transmission rates were not significantly different between the two strains but varied significantly between the methods used. These findings suggest that the consequences of EHDV infection in C. sonorensis vary between virus strains and have huge implications in future vector competence studies involving Culicoides species and Orbiviruses.

scholarly journals Reliable and Standardized Animal Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg Viruses in Ruminant Natural Host Species with Special Emphasis on Placental Crossing

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Ludovic Martinelle ◽  
Fabiana Dal Pozzo ◽  
Etienne Thiry ◽  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
Claude Saegerman
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Natural Host Species ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
The World ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

Starting in 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV8) was responsible for a major epizootic in Western and Northern Europe. The magnitude and spread of the disease were surprisingly high and the control of BTV improved significantly with the marketing of BTV8 inactivated vaccines in 2008. During late summer of 2011, a first cluster of reduced milk yield, fever, and diarrhoea was reported in the Netherlands. Congenital malformations appeared in March 2012 and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was identified, becoming one of the very few orthobunyaviruses distributed in Europe. At the start of both epizootics, little was known about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses in the European context and most assumptions were extrapolated based on other related viruses and/or other regions of the World. Standardized and repeatable models potentially mimicking clinical signs observed in the field are required to study the pathogenesis of these infections, and to clarify their ability to cross the placental barrier. This review presents some of the latest experimental designs for infectious disease challenges with BTV or SBV. Infectious doses, routes of infection, inoculum preparation, and origin are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the placental crossing associated with these two viruses.

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