scholarly journals Variabilité spatiale des captures de Culicoides dans des fermes de la zone de Bala au nord du Pays de Galles

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Guis ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
David Sugden ◽  
K. M. McIntire ◽  
Maria J. Vilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Abundance ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability of Culicoides catches at a local scale using environmental data and farm characteristics. A thrice-replicated random sampling design was set up on a 1x1 km grid in a 6x6 km study site in Bala, North Wales in July 2008 over a period of 12 days using Onderstepoort black light traps to catch Culicoides. Overall, 132 catches were made on 35 farms, 32 of which were sampled three times and three of which were sampled daily. A total of 357,229 Culicoides encompassing 19 species (mean catch = 2706 per trap and per night; maximum catch = 65,763) were caught. The species of the Obsoletus complex accounted for 62% of the catches. Environmental factors (such as land cover, land use, soil type, altitude and weather) and farm characteristics (animals, insecticide use, dung management, proximity to water and to potential breeding sites, and openness of the landscape) will be used to model the abundance of Culicoides species. The influ­ence of Culicoides abundance in neighbouring farms will also be assessed and accounted for. This will help better understand spa­tial distribution and variability of Culicoides densities at a local scale and provide elements for discussion on how to approach mapping and modelling of vector abundance at coarser scales.

scholarly journals Comparaison de l'efficacité de quatre modèles de pièges lumineux pour la collecte de Culicoides piqueurs en Allemagne

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Probst ◽  
Helge Kampen ◽  
D. Werner ◽  
Jörn M. Gethmann ◽  
Franz J. Conraths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Bluetongue Disease ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Pièges Lumineux ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are vectors of bluetongue disease, an OIE-listed animal disease which has recently led to severe economic losses in susceptible livestock species in Europe. Therefore, several affected countries conduct monitor­ing programmes for Culicoides spp. To compare the number and species composition of Culicoides obtained, the efficacy of various traps used to collect biting midges needs to be assessed. Four aspiration black light traps were thus compared: the Onderstepoort, John W. Hock, Riebt, and Biogents. One of the traps was operated from the 1st of April 2009 to determine the onset of increased Culicoides activity and thus the best time to start the study. The comparison was carried out from May 16th until September 26th. The traps were set up at four different sites on pastures of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut where cattle, sheep and goats were present. The comparison was carried out according to the Medreonet protocol in a 4×4 randomized Latin square design with one night of activity for each trap at each site. The highest number of Culicoides specimens was captured by the Onderstepoort (1245), followed by the Biogents (365), the Hock (30) and the Riebt (4) traps. The majority of midges caught was classified as belonging to the Obsoletus complex (1399), including C. obsoletus s.s., C. scoticus and C. chiopterus. Other encountered species were C. punctatus s.s. (87), C. albicans (78) and C. riethi (50). Most biting midges were collected in May (594) and June (575). In September only one Culicoides speci­men was caught. The results show that the trap model has a great impact on the number of Culicoides caught. Culicoides monitor­ing programmes should be harmonised by using the same type of trap everywhere or by adjusting the numbers of collected biting midges using a trap factor. The trap model should be taken into consideration in the decision to declare the seasonally-determined vector-free periods.

scholarly journals Répartition de la fièvre catarrhale ovine et des Culicoides spp. de 2005 à 2008 au Portugal

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
T. Nunes ◽  
I. Fonseca ◽  
A. Baptista ◽  
H. Martins ◽  
C. Agrela Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
East Central ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
And Control ◽  
Obsoletus Complex ◽  
Geographical Units

The first outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in Portugal occurred in 1956 and was caused by BT virus serotype 10 (BTV-10). The dis­ease was declared eradicated in 1960. Forty-four years later, in November 2004, BT re-occurred in Portugal, caused by BTV-4, and again, in September 2007, by BTV-1. It has persisted in some regions of the country since then. To help control the disease, a BT entomological programme was implemented in Portugal in 2005 and some of the results are now reported, focusing on Culicoides species as BTV potential vectors. In the framework of the national entomological programme, the country was divided into 45 geographical units (GUs) (50 km side squares). Mini-CDC light traps were used to collect insects in selected ruminant herds in different GUs. During the period of September 2005 to May 2008, 2990 valid catches were made and ten Culicoides species were identified. C. imicola was the main species identified and accounted for 81.73% of the specimens collected, with a peak occurrence in September. C. Obsoletus complex accounted for 4.45% of the specimens, with peaks occurring from May to July. C. pulicaris accounted for 0.04% only of the collections. C. imicola was caught 18.3 times more and mean specimens were collected 8.9 times more per trap than C. obsoletus. Although C. imicola was collected in more northern latitudes than previously reported in Portugal, these catches were sporadic and with a low number of specimens. C. imicola predominantly occurred in the East-Central and South regions of Portugal and prevailed in the areas where BT outbreaks occurred. Its marked seasonal occur­rence coincided with the period of BT outbreaks in Portugal. C. imicola is thus considered the main vector of BTV in Portugal, and official sanitary prophylactic and control measures should be implemented accordingly to decrease the risk of transmission.

Independent Environmental Regulation in India: Less an Authority and more a Process from Below

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-626
Author(s):  
Tishyarakshit Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Primary Field ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Set Up

With India’s well-intentioned environmental laws and legal interpretations in place, there is still a perceptible weakness in the enforcement of her environmental regulations. This is ascribed to the centralised departmental structure and process of implementation, which prioritise clearances of developmental projects over monitoring and cleaning up of already polluted environments. Although in a democratic set-up, a lack of transparency and participation of knowledgeable stakeholders in decision-making are other process weaknesses noticed. Establishing an Independent Environmental Regulatory Authority has been tried repeatedly but given up mainly because its effectiveness depends on the same resources support as at present, on reliable primary field-level environmental data, not gathered regularly now and on sustained political support. Technically analysing the issues involved, this article suggests a process shift towards a locally relevant, transparent, decentralised, participative and area-science–value-based approach that can strengthen environmental regulation from below.

Spatial dynamics of soil moisture and temperature in a black spruce boreal chronosequence

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2794-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Bond-Lamberty ◽  
Karen M Brown ◽  
Carol Goranson ◽  
Stith T Gower
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
The Mean

This study analyzed the spatial dependencies of soil moisture and temperature in a six-stand chronosequence of boreal black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands. Spatial variability of soil temperature (TSOIL) was evaluated twice during the growing season using four transects in each stand, employing a cyclic sampling design with measurements spaced 2–92 m apart. Soil moisture (θg) was measured on one occasion. A spherical model was used to analyze the geostatistical correlation structure; θg and TSOIL at the 7- and 21-year-old stands did not exhibit stable ranges or sills. The fits with stable ranges and sills modeled the spatial patterns in the older stands reasonably well, although unexplained variability was high. Calculated ranges varied from 3 to 150 m for these stands, lengths probably related to structural characteristics influential in local-scale energy transfer. Transect-to-transect variability was significant and typically 5%–15% of the mean for TSOIL and 10%–70% for θg. TSOIL and θg were negatively correlated for most stands and depths, with TSOIL dropping 0.5–0.9 °C for every 1% rise in θg. The results reported here provide initial data to assess the spatial variability of TSOIL and θg in a variety of boreal forest stand ages.

scholarly journals Puces à ADN comme outil d'identification moléculaire pour Culicoides

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
J.C. De Witte ◽  
I. Deblauwe ◽  
Gill De Deken ◽  
R. De Deken ◽  
M. Madder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Culicoides Species ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Culicoides Obsoletus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

A DNA microarray test based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) genotype expression was developed to identify Culicoides species of Northwestern Europe belonging to the Culicoides Obsoletus complex. The assay was designed so as to allow interpretation by the naked eye. False positive and false nega­tive results were eliminated. The need for expensive laboratory equipment and reagents was kept as low as possible, making the technique affordable and feasible for any diagnostic laboratory with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) facilities. The microarray test could be validated through the three ringtests organised by Medreonet. Use of this microarray can improve monitoring adult and immature Culicoides species.

Observations on breeding sites and light-trap collections of Culicoides during an outbreak of bluetongue in Cyprus

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mellor ◽  
G. Prrzous
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Species Being

AbstractDuring an epizootic of bluetongue virus disease of sheep in Cyprus in the autumn of 1977, 16 species of Culicoides were collected in light-traps and 4 species were collected from breeding sites. Two of the species found breeding in close association with sheep and goats are potential vectors of bluetongue virus. The possibility of a third species being a vector in Cyprus is discussed.

Implementation of Cloud Connected Smart Robot for Environmental and Industrial Platform

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar M. ◽  
V. Mathivanan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Shared Services ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Robotics ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
Pick And Place ◽  
Set Up

<p>Cloud robotics is an emerging field that is centred on the benefits of converged infrastructure and shared services of a cloud computing environment. In this paper, a system is designed with an autonomous Pick and Place robot to sense environmental data such as temperature and Motion, along with GPS coordinates and sends them on the cloud. The mobile robot is controlled using an LPC1764 microcontroller and communicates with the cloud via a CC3200 Launchpad. A private cloud is set up using Open Stack that provides Infrastructure as a Service. The collected data are stored in a cloud server which could be viewed through a mobile app and can be used to create awareness about the environmental changes of the location under study. A proof-of-concept prototype has been developed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.</p>

scholarly journals Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Md Tanvir Anjum Anik ◽  
Thahsin Farjana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
The World

Mosquitoes are considered the most important arthropod vectors in the world. Mosquito borne diseases are major public health problems in most of tropical and subtropical countries. An investigation was performed at Bagha upazila in Rajshahi district to identify the mosquito species and their breeding sites at the study area. Adult mosquitoes were collected by insect collecting net, light traps and human bait method and larvae were collected by dipper, mug, ladle spoon and dropper. A total of 1947 adult mosquitoes and 1376 larvae were collected and identified. Total ten species of adult mosquitoes and nine species of larvae under two genera were identified. The collected mosquitoes were belonging to two genera- Anopheles (An.) and Culex (Cx.). The identified species were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. fuscanus, Cx. fuscocephala, An. aconitus, An. vagus and An. barbirostris. In both cases of larvae and adult mosquitoes, Culex was found more prevalent than Anopheles. In case of larvae the prevalence was 75.8% and 24.2%, and in case of adult it was 71.2% and 28.8% for Culex and Anopheles, respectively. Among the all identified mosquitoes, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed the highest abundance in both cases of larval (23.5%) and adult mosquitoes (25.2%). From the survey it has been apparent that the Culex species may prefer the polluted water bodies in the locality like households, dairy sheds and drains whereas Anopheles species may prefer agricultural fields, and dairy sheds. This study will help to detect the breeding sites of mosquitoes in study areas and to take necessary steps to control mosquitoes and mosquito borne diseases. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 329-336, August 2019

scholarly journals Improved spatial ecological sampling using open data and standardization: an example from malaria mosquito surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (153) ◽  
pp. 20180941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Sedda ◽  
Eric R. Lucas ◽  
Luc S. Djogbénou ◽  
Ako V. C. Edi ◽  
Alexander Egyir-Yawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
Ecological Sampling

Vector-borne disease control relies on efficient vector surveillance, mostly carried out using traps whose number and locations are often determined by expert opinion rather than a rigorous quantitative sampling design. In this work we propose a framework for ecological sampling design which in its preliminary stages can take into account environmental conditions obtained from open data (i.e. remote sensing and meteorological stations) not necessarily designed for ecological analysis. These environmental data are used to delimit the area into ecologically homogeneous strata. By employing Bayesian statistics within a model-based sampling design, the traps are deployed among the strata using a mixture of random and grid locations which allows balancing predictions and model-fitting accuracies. Sample sizes and the effect of ecological strata on sample sizes are estimated from previous mosquito sampling campaigns open data. Notably, we found that a configuration of 30 locations with four households each (120 samples) will have a similar accuracy in the predictions of mosquito abundance as 200 random samples. In addition, we show that random sampling independently from ecological strata, produces biased estimates of the mosquito abundance. Finally, we propose standardizing reporting of sampling designs to allow transparency and repetition/re-use in subsequent sampling campaigns.

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