scholarly journals Genetic and environmental factors associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetic vascular complications

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Murea ◽  
Lijun Ma ◽  
Barry I. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals THE FAMILY DOCTOR’S ROLE IN ACHIEVING TARGET LEVELS OF TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
О. Korzh ◽  
A. Titkova ◽  
M. Kochuieva ◽  
Yu. Vinnyk ◽  
L. A. Ruban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Treatment Goal ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Triple Treatment

The aim of the study was to identify the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes who were unable toachieve the triple treatment goal for concomitant control of blood glucose level, blood pressure, LDL and modifying factors associated with achieving triple therapy goals. The study included 675 patients with type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia and hypertension. The analysis was performed using concurrent triple treatment goals with specific levels of HbA1c, LDL and blood pressure as the main result. The questionnaire for patients with dyslipidemiaincluded self-assessment of compliance with prescribed drugs and perceptions related to their understandingand attitude towards lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment. The results of the analysis of the logistic regression of factors associated with the achievement of triple treatment goals showed that patients whoreceived moderate doses of statins with high intensity were less likely to achieve concurrent treatment of thegoal compared to low intensity. Younger patients were less likely to achieve the triple treatment goal than thoseover 60 years of age. Based on life expectancy, they will be more susceptible to vascular complications due to anearlier onset of the disease and a longer period of time during which these adverse events can develop. Fewerdrugs and a shorter duration of type 2 diabetes were significant factors in the triple control. It was proved thatsimultaneous control of glycemia, hypertension and lipids was achieved in 22.4% of patients, who were affectedby the intensity of statin treatment, the number of diabetic drugs and the presence of concomitant pathology.Thus, the simultaneous achievement of the triple goal is a more comprehensive mitigation measure to reduce therisk of both macro- and microvascular complications

scholarly journals T2DM: Why Epigenetics?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Fradin ◽  
Pierre Bougnères
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
To Come ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetics conveys specific environmental influences into phenotypic traits through a variety of mechanisms that are often installed in early life, then persist in differentiated tissues with the power to modulate the expression of many genes, although undergoing time-dependent alterations. There is still no evidence that epigenetics contributes significantly to the causes or transmission of T2DM from one generation to another, thus, to the current environment-driven epidemics, but it has become so likely, as pointed out in this paper, that one can expect an efflorescence of epigenetic knowledge about T2DM in times to come.

Association of C-peptide with diabetic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
H. Wan ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
F. Xia ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications

scholarly journals Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Tajudeen Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The need to reverse the growing incidence and burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide has led to more studies on the possible causes of the disease. Genetic and environmental factors had long been suspected in the pathogenesis of a form of the disease known as the Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, more recent studies suggest epigenetic changes could also be involved in the onset of the disease. This review highlights the role of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis and management of T2DM. Peer reviewed studies on the subject were retrieved from reputable sources over the internet, and the majority of the studies unanimously implicated epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of some cases of the disease. DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs mediated pathways were observed to be the main mechanisms of epigenetic changes. These mechanisms are triggered by certain environmental factors such as diets, microbial and pollutant exposure, lifestyles, among others, prior to the onset of T2DM. Epigenetic changes can modify the expressions and functions of certain genes involved in insulin biosynthesis and glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which are hallmarks of T2DM. Fortunately, epigenetic changes can be reversed by blocking or activating the modulating enzymes, thus if the epigenetic aetiology of a diabetic condition is identified, it can be used as a therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Heritability of Type 2 Diabetes in the Washington State Twin Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally R. Avery ◽  
Glen E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Twins

AbstractApproximately 12% of U.S. adults have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diagnosed T2D is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors including age and lifestyle. In adults 45 years and older, the Discordant Twin (DISCOTWIN) consortium of twin registries from Europe and Australia showed a moderate-to-high contribution of genetic factors of T2D with a pooled heritability of 72%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of genetic and environmental factors of T2D in twins 45 years and older in a U.S. twin cohort (Washington State Twin Registry, WSTR) and compare the estimates to the DISCOTWIN consortium. We also compared these estimates with twins under the age of 45. Data were obtained from 2692 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs over 45 and 4217 twin pairs under 45 who responded to the question ‘Has a doctor ever diagnosed you with (type 2) diabetes?’ Twin similarity was analyzed using both tetrachoric correlations and structural equation modeling. Overall, 9.4% of MZ and 14.7% of DZ twins over the age of 45 were discordant for T2D in the WSTR, compared to 5.1% of MZ and 8% of DZ twins in the DISCOTWIN consortium. Unlike the DISCOTWIN consortium in which heritability was 72%, heritability was only 52% in the WSTR. In twins under the age of 45, heritability did not contribute to the variance in T2D. In a U.S. sample of adult twins, environmental factors appear to be increasingly important in the development of T2D.

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