scholarly journals The Use of Ultrasonography for Detection of Meniscal Damage in Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coss
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Meniscal Damage

<p><strong>PICO question</strong></p><p>In dogs, what is the sensitivity and specificity of using ultrasound as a diagnostic test to identify meniscal damage?</p><p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><strong><br /> </strong></p><p>Although there are limited studies assessing the accuracy of ultrasound for detecting meniscal damage, it appears to be a potentially useful diagnostic test with reported sensitivity varying from 82–95% and specificity from 82–93% when compared to arthroscopy or arthrotomy findings. Experience of the ultrasonographer is also likely to be an important factor to consider.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals A new highly sensitive and specific overnight combined screening and diagnostic test for primary aldosteronism

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaios Tsiavos ◽  
Athina Markou ◽  
Labrini Papanastasiou ◽  
Theodora Kounadi ◽  
Ioannis I Androulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Endocrine Hypertension ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Aldosterone To Renin Ratio

Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension that is diagnosed following a two-step process: an initial screening test, based on the serum aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), followed by a relatively laborious and time-consuming confirmatory test to document autonomous aldosterone (ALD) secretion. Objective The aim of this study is to develop a simple overnight test for the early and definite diagnosis of PA. Patients and methods Totally, 148 hypertensive patients underwent a fludrocortisone–dexamethasone suppression test (FDST) and the new overnight diagnostic test (DCVT) using pharmaceutical RAAS (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system) blockade with dexamethasone, captopril and valsartan. Results Of the 148 patients, 45 were diagnosed as having PA and they all normalized their elevated blood pressure (BP) after administration of spironolactone or eplerenone. The remaining 103 patients were considered as having essential hypertension and served as controls. Using ROC analysis, the estimated sensitivity and specificity were 91 and 100%, respectively, for the post-FDST ARR, whereas 98% and 89% and 100% and 82% for the post-DCVT ARR and post-DCVT ALD, respectively, with selected cutoffs of 0.32ng/dL/μU/mL and 3ng/dL respectively. However, considering these cutoffs simultaneously, the estimated sensitivity and specificity were 98 and 100% respectively. Applying these cutoffs, the diagnosis of PA was confirmed in 44 (98%) of the 45 patients who were considered to have the disease. Conclusions In this study, a highly sensitive and specific, low-cost, rapid, safe, and easy-to-perform diagnostic test (DCVT) for PA is described, which could be utilized on an outpatient basis potentially substituting conventional laborious testing.

scholarly journals Observed Differences in Diagnostic Test Accuracy between Patient Subgroups: Is It Real or Due to Reference Standard Misclassification?

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corné Biesheuvel ◽  
Les Irwig ◽  
Patrick Bossuyt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patient Subgroups

Abstract Before a new test is introduced in clinical practice, its accuracy should be assessed. In the past decade, researchers have put an increased emphasis on exploring differences in test sensitivity and specificity between patient subgroups. If the reference standard is imperfect and the prevalence of the target condition differs among subgroups, apparent differences in test sensitivity and specificity between subgroups may be caused by reference standard misclassification. We provide guidance on how to determine whether observed differences may be explained by reference standard misclassification. Such misclassification may be ascertained by examining how the apparent sensitivity and specificity change with the prevalence of the target condition in the subgroups.

scholarly journals Utility of Glycated Hemoglobin in Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2832-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padala Ravi Kumar ◽  
Anil Bhansali ◽  
Muthuswamy Ravikiran ◽  
Shobhit Bhansali ◽  
Pinaki Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cut Point

Abstract Context: Although glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has recently been incorporated as a diagnostic test by the American Diabetes Association, its validity needs to be established in Asian Indians in a community setting. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the validity of HbA1c as a screening and diagnostic test in individuals with newly detected diabetes mellitus. Design and Setting: Community based randomized cross sectional study in urban Chandigarh, a city in north India, from April 2008 to August 2009. Subjects: Subjects included 1972 subjects aged 20 yr or older. Intervention: Intervention included an oral glucose tolerance test and glycated hemoglobin in all the subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Utility of HbA1c as a diagnostic method in newly detected diabetes mellitus subjects was evaluated. Results: Using World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, 134 (6.7%) had newly detected diabetes mellitus, 192 (9.7%) known diabetes mellitus, 329 (16.6%) prediabetes, and 1317 (69.4%) were normal of 1972 people screened. Using only the ADA criteria, 38% people were underdiagnosed. An HbA1c level of 6.1% had an optimal sensitivity and specificity of 81% for diagnosing diabetes. A HbA1c level of 6.5% (±2 sd) and 7% (±2.7 sd) had sensitivity and specificity of 65 and 88% and 42 and 92%, respectively, with corresponding positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 75.2 and 96.5% and 90.4and 94.4%, respectively, for diagnosis of newly detected diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: A HbA1c cut point of 6.1% has an optimal sensitivity and specificity of 81% and can be used as a screening test, and a cut point of 6.5% has optimal specificity of 88% for diagnosis of diabetes.

COMPARISON OF FOURTH GENERATION ELISA AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS(HCV) INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Stuti Kansra Arora ◽  
Mala Chhabra ◽  
Anuradha Anuradha ◽  
Arvind Achra ◽  
Nandini Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Samples

Introduction:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has emerged as one of the major global health challenge affecting about 2 - 3% of the world population. Epidemiological studies have shown that HCV infection is a major risk factor for development of Acute hepatitis,chronic liver disease,cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Early diagnosis of HCV is important to link hepatitis testing to care and treatment initiation. Aim:To compare sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) with fourth generation ELISA Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (formerly Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018.Blood samples of patients suspected with hepatitis were tested using ELISA and rapid diagnostic test Results: In our study 26378 blood samples were tested for HCV,using fourth generation ELISA.Of these,581(2.20%) samples were found to be positive by ELISA.These HCV positive samples along with equal number of ELISA negative samples were tested by rapid diagnostic test. Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid diagnostic test was found to be 72.98 % and 100% respectively. Discussion:Rapid diagnostic test can be used during emergency hours but their results must be followed by ELISA test results in a tertiary care hospital.Reporting of false negative results should be minimized for rapid linkage to treatment initiation and to avoid silent transmission of infection.

scholarly journals Can Cytosine Arabinoside With Prednisolone Treatment for Canine Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin Increase Survival Time Compared to Prednisolone Treatment Alone?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Stefan Francis Kozlowski Hoey ◽  
Christina Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Increase Survival Time

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In treatment of canine patients with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO), is combination therapy of cytosine arabinoside (CA) with prednisolone more effective than prednisolone as a sole therapy at increasing survival time?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>Based on current available evidence, cytosine arabinoside with prednisolone has greater median survival time than prednisolone as a sole therapy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. The evidence to support this is very weak, as there are currently a low number of published papers with a relatively small number of cases reported in these studies evaluating cytosine arabinoside with prednisolone or prednisolone as a sole therapy for treatment of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.</p><p> </p><img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Is Topical or Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy More Effective for the Treatment of Feline Acne With Secondary Bacterial Infection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kwok ◽  
Kate Charlotte Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In cats with feline acne and secondary bacterial folliculitis or furunculosis, is topical or systemic antimicrobial therapy superior for reducing time to resolution and severity of clinical signs?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>There is no sufficient evidence to compare topical versus systemic treatment in feline acne with secondary folliculitis/furunculosis.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Thrombolytic Therapy in the Acute Period of Aortic Thromboembolism in Cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Billy Hannabuss
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Adverse Side Effects

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>Of cats that present with aortic thromboembolism, do patients that receive thrombolytic therapy in the acute phase have improved survival as compared to those who do not?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>Based on the current available evidence, the use of thrombolytic therapy in the acute phase of aortic thromboembolism (ATE) does not appear to improve survival when compared to conventional supportive therapy. Frequently reported adverse side effects further questions its merits, and large scale controlled clinical trials would be required to further evaluate any benefit in the use of this therapy.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals An Open-Access Platform for Translating Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Disease Genetics Into Accessible Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A406-A406
Author(s):  
Maria Costanzo ◽  
Kenneth Bruskiewicz ◽  
Lizz Caulkins ◽  
Marc Duby ◽  
Clint Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Functional Genomic ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Effector Genes

Abstract Most associations from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) result from as-yet-unknown alterations of molecular or cellular function; the causal variants and effector genes responsible for them, and the tissues and pathways through which they act, remain largely unknown. Thousands of associated loci have now been identified for each common disease and its related traits. In order to translate GWAS data into biological knowledge, they must be integrated with functional genomic annotations reflecting tissue-specific regulation and with the results of bioinformatic methods that predict the functional effects of associations. However, these data types are typically spread across disparate resources, and working with them requires bioinformatic expertise. To make these results accessible and understandable to the broader diabetes and cardiometabolic disease research communities, we have developed the open-access Common Metabolic Diseases Knowledge Portal (CMDKP; cmdkp.org), which brings together a robust software and data storage platform with a streamlined and intuitive user interface for four disease areas: diabetes (both types 1 and 2); cardiovascular disease; cerebrovascular disease; and sleep and circadian disorders. The CMDKP enables researchers to access and explore a comprehensive matrix of genetic, genomic, and computational results. It includes 3 classes of genomic data: 1) GWAS summary statistics from the most current and authoritative datasets available, as identified by disease-area experts; 2) functional genomic annotations, such as chromatin accessibility, that reflect the tissue-specific regulatory potential of genomic regions; and 3) the results of bioinformatic methods applied to these aggregated data (for example, overlap-aware meta-analysis to determine “bottom-line” p-values, the GREGOR method for determining tissue-specific enrichment of genetic associations, the MAGMA method for generating gene-level association scores, and more). All of these data types are integrated and accessible via interactive tools that allow researchers to explore and evaluate the data in order to identify candidate disease effector genes for further research. The CMDKP provides researchers with the data and tools necessary to translate genetic associations and functional annotations into knowledge about disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals In an Adult Horse With Severe Asthma (Previously Recurrent Airway Obstruction) Does Using Inhaled Corticosteroids Result in an Equal Improvement in Clinical Signs When Compared to Systemic Corticosteroids?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A Jocelyn
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Equine Asthma

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In an adult horse with severe asthma (previously recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)) does using inhaled corticosteroids result in an equal improvement in clinical signs when compared to systemic corticosteroids?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>The level of confidence in the outcomes from the body of evidence in the 4 papers identified is high. This suggests inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone and beclomethasone) when used at an appropriate dose can have equivalent effects on severe equine asthma as systemic intravenous dexamethasone. Inhaled corticosteroids can take longer to have the desired effects. </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of a rapid diagnostic test for chronic Chagas disease at a referral center in Brazil - can it be included as a standard serological diagnostic test in the clinical practice of a referral center?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e1236
Author(s):  
Alejandro M. Hasslocher-Moreno ◽  
Ingebourg Georg ◽  
Luiz H. C. Sangenis ◽  
Mauro F. F. Mediano
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Introduction: Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease. In the chronic phase of CD, the diagnosis is essentially serologic. Conventional reactions are currently in use. More recently, the use of rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) is indicated when conventional techniques are not available. Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of RDTs for chronic CD diagnosis. Methodology: Individuals under suspicion of CD were evaluated using ELISA, Chemiluminescence (ChLIA) and RDT tests. Results: The RDT showed 95.1% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that RDT used in the diagnosis of CD at a referral center in Brazil were not able to detect all CD cases when compared to Elisa and ChLIA.

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