scholarly journals Is Topical or Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy More Effective for the Treatment of Feline Acne With Secondary Bacterial Infection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kwok ◽  
Kate Charlotte Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In cats with feline acne and secondary bacterial folliculitis or furunculosis, is topical or systemic antimicrobial therapy superior for reducing time to resolution and severity of clinical signs?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>There is no sufficient evidence to compare topical versus systemic treatment in feline acne with secondary folliculitis/furunculosis.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals In an Adult Horse With Severe Asthma (Previously Recurrent Airway Obstruction) Does Using Inhaled Corticosteroids Result in an Equal Improvement in Clinical Signs When Compared to Systemic Corticosteroids?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A Jocelyn
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Equine Asthma

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In an adult horse with severe asthma (previously recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)) does using inhaled corticosteroids result in an equal improvement in clinical signs when compared to systemic corticosteroids?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>The level of confidence in the outcomes from the body of evidence in the 4 papers identified is high. This suggests inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone and beclomethasone) when used at an appropriate dose can have equivalent effects on severe equine asthma as systemic intravenous dexamethasone. Inhaled corticosteroids can take longer to have the desired effects. </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Can Iodine-restricted Diets Normalise Serum Total Thyroxine (TT4) and Subsequently Improve Clinical Signs in Cats With Hyperthyroidism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Total Thyroxine

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In cats with hyperthyroidism, does an iodine-restricted diet normalise the serum TT4 (total thyroxine) levels and reduce the severity of the clinical signs when compared to cats on a normal diet?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>Whilst there is some evidence that iodine-restricted diets can help to renormalise serum TT4 in cats with hyperthyroidism, this is not always effective and there is a lack of compelling evidence to suggest this is associated with a resolution of clinical signs in the long-term.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Choosing Treatment for Dogs With Generalised Demodicosis – Isoxazolines or Imidacloprid and Moxidectin?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Long
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Generalised Demodicosis

<p><strong>PICO question</strong></p><p>In dogs with generalised demodicosis, are isoxazolines as effective as a combined formulation of imidacloprid and moxidectin at reducing mite count and the severity of associated clinical signs?</p><p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong></p><p>Five single-blinded, randomised, positive control trials, most under laboratory conditions, directly compared the use of isoxazolines against moxidectin/imidacloprid to treat canine generalised demodicosis. All of them showed comparable efficacy of isoxazolines. Three different isoxazolines were studied with two routes of administration (oral and topical) and four different dosing frequencies of moxidectin/imidacloprid. This made the papers more challenging to compare however, the evidence provided is sufficient to support their use. All of these trials were sponsored by the manufacturers of their respective isoxazoline products which may bias the study design and reporting of results. It is worth noting that sarolaner (Simparica™, Zoetis UK) was licensed in the UK for the treatment of canine demodicosis in January 2018 and that in the UK the Cascade should be followed when prescribing treatments. The licensed use of isoxazolines in other countries is beyond the scope of this article and the reader is urged to check local regulatory body advice before prescribing the below medications.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Does Adding Transdermal Nitroglycerine to Other Therapies Used for Management of Left-sided Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs Speed the Resolution of Clinical Signs?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenefer R Stillion ◽  
Søren R Boysen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bottom Line

<p><strong><strong>There is an erratum to this paper published in <em>Veterinary Evidence</em> Vol 3, Issue 1 (2018): <a id="pub-id::doi" href="/index.php/ve/article/view/168/220" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.18849/ve.v3i1.168</a></strong></strong></p><p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong></p><p>There is very weak veterinary clinical and experimental evidence based upon a limited number of studies to indicate that adding transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speeds the resolution of clinical signs.</p><p> </p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Two Antibiotics for the Management of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Goats Clinically Affected by Peste des Petits Ruminants

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Chekwube Chukwudi ◽  
David Ikechukwu Eguji ◽  
Olalekan Taiwo Jeremiah ◽  
Boniface Maduka Anene
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Haematological Profile

Aims: Peste des petits Ruminants (PPR) is a major viral disease that poses a challenge to small ruminant farming. Its natural occurrence has been complicated by secondary bacterial infection which has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. This study reports the management outcome of natural PPR-infected goats using two types of antibiotics in Nsukka metropolis of Enugu State Nigeria. Methodology: Goats (N=24) were confirmed to be suffering from PPR based on clinical signs and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The animals were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with 20% oxytetracycline (N= 10) and group B with procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination (penstrept) (N= 14) injection. Clinical signs, recovery and survivability, temperature, haematology [Packed cell volume (PCV); haemoglobin concentration (Hbconc); red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts] and some serum biochemical profiles [alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate transaminase (AST); total protein (TP); Albumin; urea; creatinine; potassium and sodium] were used to assess the efficacy of the antibiotics using standard techniques. Results: The mean temperature, RBC, WBC and urea values of the PPR-infected goats were above their reference ranges, mean albumin values were below the reference range while mean Hbconc, PCV, AST, ALT, TP and creatinine values were within their reference range before the commencement of treatment. Following treatment, clinical signs cleared in 20% and 35.7% of the goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively. Death was recorded in 20% and 15% of goats treated with oxytetracycline and penstrep respectively before the end of treatment. Penstrep-treated group showed improvement in their haematological profile. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the use of penstrep in the management of PPR-infected goats gave a better result.

scholarly journals Contribution of Host Immune Responses Against Influenza D Virus Infection Toward Secondary Bacterial Infection in a Mouse Model

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raegan M. Skelton ◽  
Kelly M. Shepardson ◽  
Alexis Hatton ◽  
Patrick T. Wilson ◽  
Chithra Sreenivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Aureus Infection

Influenza D viruses (IDV) are known to co-circulate with viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and other ruminants. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding host responses to IDV infection and whether IDV infection affects host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, the current study utilized a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to evaluate host cellular responses against primary IDV infection and secondary bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Primary IDV infection in mice did not result in clinical signs of disease and it did not enhance the susceptibility to secondary S. aureus infection. Rather, IDV infection appeared to protect mice from the usual clinical features of secondary bacterial infection, as demonstrated by improved weight loss, survival, and recovery when compared to S. aureus infection alone. We found a notable increase in IFN-β expression following IDV infection while utilizing human alveolar epithelial A549 cells to analyze early anti-viral responses to IDV infection. These results demonstrate for the first time that IDV infection does not increase the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection with S. aureus, with evidence that anti-viral immune responses during IDV infection might protect the host against these potentially deadly outcomes.

scholarly journals Treatment Duration With Steroid Monotherapy in Dogs With Steroid Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard William Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Clinical Resolution ◽  
Disease Free

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In dogs suspected of having steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), how long should immunosuppressive monotherapy with steroids be undertaken in order to achieve clinical resolution without relapse of clinical signs?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>Based on the currently available literature, steroid treatment using the protocol outlined in Lowrie et al. (2009) at a gradually tapering dose over a course of 6 months, appeared to lead to clinical remission in all cases, with a disease free post treatment interval of at least 6 months. However, further research is needed as there are currently three published papers with a low number of cases, so a definitive time course cannot be suggested until stronger evidence is available.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

scholarly journals Pyometra in the bitch

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
H. VERVERIDIS (Χ. ΒΕΡΒΕΡΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
C. BOSCOS (Κ. ΜΠΟΣΚΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a

Pyometra is the final stage of a developing cystic endometrial hyperplasia. The aetiopathogenesis remains unresolved. Repeated barren oestrus cycles, excessive use of progestins or oestrogens as well as a bacterial infection of the endometrium contribute to the development of pyometra. Pyometra sould be suspected if, a post-estrous, usually aged bitch is presented with a varying degree of depression, inappétence, polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, abdominal distension, manifesting or not an abnormal vulvar discharge. Abdominal radiography or ultrasonograpy can confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory findings prove to be helpful in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Ovariohysterectomy is the treatment of choice along with proper fluid and antimicrobial therapy for aged or severely ill bitches or for those with low breeding value. Medical treatment with Prostaglandin F2a combined with bactericidal antibiotics can be recommended, provided that the bitch is young, of high breeding value and with mild clinical signs.

Herpetic Whitlow of the Hand in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Al-Qattan ◽  
Nada G. AlQadri ◽  
Ghada AlHayaza
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Abstract Introduction Herpetic whitlows in infants are rare. Previous authors only reported individual case reports. We present a case series of six infants. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of six cases of herpetic whitlows in infants seen by the senior author (MMA) over the past 23 years (1995–2017 inclusive). The following data were collected: age, sex, digit involved in the hand, mode of transmission, time of presentation to the author, clinical appearance, presence of secondary bacterial infection, presence of other lesions outside the hand, method of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Results All six infants initially presented with classic multiple vesicles of the digital pulp. In all cases, there was a history of active herpes labialis in the mother. Incision and drainage or deroofing of the vesicles (for diagnostic purposes) resulted in secondary bacterial infection. Conclusion The current report is the first series in the literature on herpetic whitlows in infants. We stress on the mode of transmission (from the mother) and establishing the diagnosis clinically. In these cases, no need for obtaining viral cultures or polymerase chain reaction; and no medications are required. Once the vesicles are disrupted, secondary bacterial infection is frequent and a combination of oral acyclovir and intravenous antibiotics will be required.

scholarly journals Effect of Antimicrobial Therapy on Bowel Flora and Bacterial Infection in Irradiated Mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Richard I. Walker ◽  
Thomas J. Macvittie
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy
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