scholarly journals The current state of trout farming in Himachal Pradesh and its potential for future expansion

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Sharma

In the Himalayan states of India, the mountainous region is rich in abundant oxygen, fresh water, which is highly suitable for the cultivation of rainbow trout. Himachal Pradesh is a state with many streams and reservoirs and has a large capacity of fish production. Estimated fishery, water resources of the state are about 3000 km, out of which 600 km of cold water streams are suitable for trout cultivation, which can be used for culturing trout. Trout is a cold water fish that grows well in water temperature from 5 oC to 15oC. There are approximately 762 trout forms, including seven run by the government in the state, which are mainly in Kullu, Chamba, Shimla, Kinnaur and Mandi districts. Out of the five zones, there are vast possibilities of producing high prized fish trout in Zone 1 and 2 of Himachal Pradesh. The total production of trout in the state was 0.54 tonnes in 1996-97 and increased to 25 tonnes in 2005-06, compared to 456.73 MT in 2017-2018. Availability of technical information on trout cultivation, breeding and artificial diet has helped tremendously in promoting the aquaculture of trout in the state. Extension and development efforts of rainbow trout production have led to an overall increase in the production of trout fish, but still there is a big difference between the actual and potential trout production. This paper has reviewed its ability to produce trout, present status and future expansion in Himachal Pradesh.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Imtiyaz Qayoom ◽  
Masood Balkhi ◽  
Bilal Bhat

Jammu and Kashmir serves a congenial habitat for variety of fish species due to large number of cold water resources which has paved way for the development of fisheries sector in the state. The state has crossed 20.0 thousand tonnes of fish production because of modern aquacultural practices implied at both governmental and private levels. Kashmir province is a leading producer of fishes contributing more than 80% of the total production of the state while as Jammu on the other hand has also emerged as a major producer of animal protein through fisheries sector. The fish production data of four decades reflects increasing trend of production in all commercially important species of both the provinces. However the statistical models forecasting the future production provide an idea about the growth patterns in fishes. In this paper, growth pattern of three different fish species (Trout, Mirror carp and Country fish) from Kashmir province and various fishes from Jammu province (collectively named as Jammu fish) of the state was assessed using fish production data from 1956-57 to 2011-12. Forecasting of fish production was made on the basis of the best fitted statistical models. Results showed that Kashmir province shows overall compound growth of 4.2% against 7.9% of increased compound growth rate of fish production of Jammu province since 1956-57. Cubic model was found to be the best fitted model for all the species in both the regions. However, when future fish production of the state is taken into consideration, the statistical models indicated a decreasing trend in the overall fish production of both the provinces. Besides, the matter of concern is that the demand of 70,000 thousand tonne consumption of fish protein in the state which is a milestone yet to be achieved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feisal Khan

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of corruption in Pakistan and evaluate attempts by the government to combat its entrenched corruption culture. Design/methodology/approach – The paper shows that Pakistan’s legacy of British colonial rule, its ethno-linguistic conflict and alternating civilian governments and military coups have weakened institutional capabilities, hindered capacity building and allowed systemic corruption to flourish there. Pakistan’s many anti-corruption efforts failed because they were used to attack political foes instead of strengthening institutional capabilities. Findings – Pakistan has maintained its highly authoritarian form of governance inherited from the British in 1947. The ruling elite view the state as a milch cow for their personal enrichment and this attitude is also reflected in the performance of its bureaucracy. Existing rules of conduct and administration are not enforced as citizens encounter corruption in their dealings with officials. At the policy level, key decisions are often made to benefit the decision makers. The paper concludes that without political will no significant improvement in the state of corruption in Pakistan is likely to occur. Originality/value – This paper will be useful for scholars, policy-makers and anti-corruption practitioners who are interested in corruption in Pakistan and whether the apparent institutionalization of parliamentary democracy has reduced corruption there.


1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Taggart

Hypolimnetic aeration of a 1.23-ha eutrophic kettle lake during two consecutive summers increased [O2] to more than 4 mg/L in the hypolimnion for extended periods. This improvement did not lead to the expected development of crustacean populations in the previously anoxic, zooplankton-deficient hypolimnion. The rotifer Filinia longiseta was the only zooplankter present, as isolated populations, in both the epilimnion and hypolimnion during summer. Eighty percent of the summer zooplankton community occurred exclusively in the epilimnion, and this was related to the development of an anoxic and toxic metalimnion that restricted migration from the epilimnion to the hypolimnion. Confinement of the zooplankton to the epilimnion coupled with predation by fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) appeared to be responsible for the change in the zooplankton community from large cladocerans and copepods to smaller species. This study suggests that hypolimnetic aeration as a means of restoring or enhancing the production of cold-water fish may be thwarted by the development of a stable anoxic and toxic metalimnion that precludes the development of the zooplankton food resource.


Author(s):  
I. Shkolnyk ◽  
O. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Yu. Havrysh ◽  
A. Ivanchenko

Transparency in public finances is one of the main features of a mature democratic society, as well as one of the main tools for reducing corruption in the country. The level of transparency in the formation and use of budget funds at the state and local levels affects the effectiveness of financial policy in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the current state of transparency in the formation of the state budget of Ukraine. The article conducted a comprehensive study of the level of transparency of public finances at the macro level. The dynamics of changes in the qualitative level of transparency of legislative and executive bodies during the period of Ukraine's participation in the international organization of monitoring the publicity of the government before the public is analyzed. In particular, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the budget openness index in comparison with other countries and the integrated assessment of budget transparency for the period from 2008 to 2019. In addition, the level of public participation in budget formation at different stages of the budget process was studied. There is a positive trend of improving the level of openness of public authorities in Ukraine in the formation and use of public finances. This, in turn, is part of a global trend. The article presents a description of the main documents that serve as indicators of informing the public about the state of the budget, the level of its implementation, the formation of the budget for future periods and the budget process in general. It is determined that the system of transparent and accessible public accountability for the formation and use of public finances has not been formed yet. The results of the study can be the basis for developing measures to increase the level of transparency of public authorities in Ukraine. According to the study, a high level of transparency becomes the basis for public support for the government, provided that the government does not abuse its powers, or conversely becomes an incentive for active public participation in political and economic life to improve or change government. According to the results of the research, a system of measures of priority importance is proposed.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Zafar ◽  
Ahmad Azam Sulaiman

Since 1960, after a trial of almost 40 years, the reformation of economy of Pakistan from conventional to Islamic could not be achieved. Since 2000, the government changed the strategy to gradually Islamize the economy and adopted a dual system. In this ambit, the State Bank of Pakistan deliberately announced the vision to make the Islamic banking as first choice for users of banking in Pakistan. This chapter bring insights on the background, current state, issues, challenges, and avenues of future policy regarding Islamic banking of Pakistan. The empirical data about Islamic Banking has been collected from the State Bank of Pakistan for the period 2003-2018. This is to evaluate the current state in terms of market performance, modes of Islamic financing, and financing portfolios of Islamic banking. The findings of this chapter show there is a substantial lack of interest by the government to develop the Islamic banking, and Islamic banking is also deviating from its social and ethical proclaims.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tek Bahadur Gurung

In Nepal, per capita fish production lags far below most of the world. To be on par with our neighbors, present fish production would need to be increased at least three- or fourfold. For fish production to have a transformational impact on Nepal’s economy, an increase of four- or fivefold would be needed within a decade before the climate change could impact severely the industry. As well, businesses and the government would need to move quickly to produce a more favorable environment for job creation. However, for this transformation to happen pronouncedly, we need to know what additional fisheries technologies would best suit to enhance substantial production under putative climate changes and stimulating socioeconomics for more job and income opportunities. In this paper, we propose several solutions keeping intact aquatic biodiversity. 1) Carp, catfish Pangasius spp, tilapia and rainbow trout would provide the best returns from the marketplace. 2) Recreational fisheries and further cold water aquaculture opportunities need to be improved, 3) Head and tail waters of Pico-, micro-, and mega-hydropower should be prioritized as an area of aquaculture concern for harnessing Nepal’s vertical gradient landscape.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11295HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 15, 2014, JulyPage: 53-59


2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 135-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Aras ◽  
Emirhan Yorulmazlar

AbstractThe failed coup of July 15 has shocked the current state apparatus in Turkey. This shock has culminated in the public demand for administrative reform, which would make previous public designs and policy failures a matter of the past. The state crisis has transpired in the middle of a political transition process whereby the ruling party envisioned systemic change in the political system from the parliamentary to a presidential system. The constitutional amendments also imply changes in the administrative order, with further political hold on bureaucratic cadres. The coup attempt and the massive purges in its aftermath brought the state to its breaking point. In light of such deficits and challenges, this paper discusses the ways, means, and prospects for capacity development and institution-building to overcome the state crisis in Turkey. The reform and restructuring process entails cooperation and a level of understanding between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy. Polarization and disenfranchisement are recipes for further fragmentation in Turkish politics. A cooperative model based on a working relationship between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy would facilitate a return to normalcy.


Author(s):  
Milena L. Sukhotina

The article considers the stages of development of the national information system based on the State system of scientific and technical information created in the Soviet period. The multi-level structure of the State system included various institutions, among which the significant proportion was formed by State scientific universal libraries of federal and regional level. The role of the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (nowadays the Russian State Library) in creation of the Specialized Center for Culture and Art is revealed. There is demonstrated the significance of information technologies for the State system of scientific and technical information — creation of the automated system of scientific and technical information. Attention is drawn to the fact that in 1991—2001, due to economic difficulties and lack of the government support, the destruction of the system integrity began; there was a threat of irreplaceable loss of the created resources. “Regulations on the State system of scientific and technical information”, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation in 1997, contributed to the preservation of the most of organizational structure of the system of scientific and technical information of Russia.In modern conditions, support for the development of scientific and technical information system in Russia is needed at the legislative and executive levels, and should be based on government and commercial scientific and information structures. It is required to carry out a comprehensive analysis and research study of the current state of system of scientific and technical information, taking into account the indicators of the resource potential, human resources and determination of the further construction and principles of its work for scientific and information support of processes in society.In the study were used the documents of the Archive of the Russian State Library and the official regulatory publications.


2020 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
MIKHEIL CHIKVILADZE

The article is focused on problems in the Georgian economy caused by the new coronavirus epidemic. The current implementation of the state budget of Georgia for 2020 has been analyzed, attention has been drawn to the difficulties of both tax and total revenue performance. The main focus is on the effectiveness of business support measures and the transparency and legality of spending money. Measures have been taken on the operative elaboration and implementation of the relevant micro-fiscal policy, in response to the shocks in demand-supply. Coronavirus has caused many problems in the world economy. The world economy fell by 7.5% in the United States on March 9, which has not happened on Wall Street since 2008 global economic crisis. Of course, the influence of Coronavirus on the Georgia’s economy is severe, and the country is trying to deal with it in every possible way. If we analyze the current state budget execution this year, it can be seen that the current state budget for 2020 has been implemented in the first quarter. However, we should not expect the second quarter of the state budget for the same year, as this trend is already visible in April and May. The problems will be reflected in May, both in terms of tax revenues and total revenues as well, which is expected to double the state budget deficit of 2.5%, which means a complete failure of the two quarters. It can be said that the shock of the economy that accompanies coronavirus is quite strange and it affects to the supply and demand at the same time. We see negative risks on the supply side, which is reflected in the high cost of doing business, the demand will decrease as for increased uncertainty, tighter security measures and restrictions on free movement, as a result, the ability of consumers to spend their own money will be reduced. Experience has shown that 1/3 of the economic losses will be caused by direct losses: job cuts, quarantine and etc. 2/3 of economic losses will be indirect - which will be related to the decrease in consumer confidence, changes in the behavior of business entities, as well as the tightening of access to credit resources. It can be said that the global financial market is now more stable than it was before the 2008 crisis, but the main challenge in the current situation is still to manage uncertainty. In such a situation, it is inevitable that the funds from the budget will be prioritized for health care, so that the health care of the citizens not to be hindered. It seems inevitable for us to resolve the demand – to develop appropriate microfiscal policies in response to the shocks in supply. It is welcome that the European Investment Bank supports Georgia in the fight against the new coronavirus, which is to support Georgian business, support the health care system and accelerate the implementation of existing projects. The World Bank provided $ 15 billion quick and instant assistance to address the first challenges of COVID-19, this was mainly in the field of health and social care. The World Bank is currently working on three financial assistance packages: 1. To assist the government in responding to health and social protection challenges, 2. Substantiation will be provided to the state budget to reduce the expected deficit, 3. The World Bank intends to help small and medium-sized businesses to restore jobs and develop the economy, with a particular focus on affected sectors such as tourism, the first phase shall be completed by the end of April, which will be followed consistently. The World Bank has highlighted such an important circumstance as the inevitability of a zoological recession, which will be followed by a slowdown in economic growth, which in the case of Georgia will be 4% (which is significant to consider). According to the government›s decision, 2 billion GEL has been allocated for direct assistance to the economy, in order to provide emergency financial and material assistance to a number of different categories of affected citizens. Particular attention is paid to operative execution and control of measures envisaged in the concrete plan of economic stimulus and the anti-crisis plan of the government.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Gulasel Shamshieva ◽  

This article gives a classification of securities. The investment activities and operations with securities of commercial banks, as well as the legal regulation of the activities of commercial banks in the securities market in Kyrgyzstan are examined. A review of the current state of the securities market in the Kyrgyz Republic is carried out. Volumes of debt securities are also presented. The volume of annual issue of securities for 3 years from 2017 to 2019, the volume of foreign investment in corporate securities is shown. During the review of the state of the securities market, it was concluded that commercial banks play a major role in the development of the securities market, acting as issuers, investors and intermediaries. A program for the development of the government securities market for both the medium and long term is proposed.


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