State, institutions and reform in Turkey after July 15

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 135-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Aras ◽  
Emirhan Yorulmazlar
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Restructuring Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Understanding

AbstractThe failed coup of July 15 has shocked the current state apparatus in Turkey. This shock has culminated in the public demand for administrative reform, which would make previous public designs and policy failures a matter of the past. The state crisis has transpired in the middle of a political transition process whereby the ruling party envisioned systemic change in the political system from the parliamentary to a presidential system. The constitutional amendments also imply changes in the administrative order, with further political hold on bureaucratic cadres. The coup attempt and the massive purges in its aftermath brought the state to its breaking point. In light of such deficits and challenges, this paper discusses the ways, means, and prospects for capacity development and institution-building to overcome the state crisis in Turkey. The reform and restructuring process entails cooperation and a level of understanding between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy. Polarization and disenfranchisement are recipes for further fragmentation in Turkish politics. A cooperative model based on a working relationship between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy would facilitate a return to normalcy.

TINJAUAN TENTANG PERAN DAN FUNGSI LEMBAGA-LEMBAGA NEGARA DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Sofhian
Keyword(s):  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Presidential System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Head Of Government

Indonesia is a country that is still developing with principles on the four pillars of nationality, namely Pancasilan, the 1945 Constitution, Bhineka Tungga Ika and the Republic of Indonesia. In executing the government by using a presidential system, the president's duty is not only as head of state, but also as head of government. Also in organizing government institutions the state becomes a barometer in measuring the success of government governance. State apparatus consisting of MPR, DPR, DPD, President, BPK, MA, KY and MK are state institutions whose duties and authorities are regulated in the 1945 Constitution. This article discusses the roles, duties and functions of state institutions, sanctions imposed on deviant state institutions. In this paper deliberately the compilers bring up various supporting theories and examine and discuss the tasks, roles and functions, so that we know that the institutions of this state participate and play a role in advancing the survival of the nation and state.Keywords: Function, State Institution, Role, Presidential.

Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history (1918-1940)

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Liubov Melnychuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
National University ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

The author investigates and analyzes the state Chernivtsi National University during the Romanian period in Bukovina’s history. During that period in the field of education was held a radical change in the direction of intensive Romanization. In period of rigid occupation regime in the province, the government of Romania laid its hopes on the University. The Chernivtsi National University had become a hotbed of Romanization ideas, to ongoing training for church and state apparatus, to educate students in the spirit of devotion Romania. Keywords: Chernivtsi National University, Romania, Romanization, higher education, Bukovina

Soviet Specialist Baiting: The Case of N. A. Dobrosmyslov

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
High Salary ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Continued Employment ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractFor many communists working in the Soviet state apparatus during the 1920s, the state's continued employment of so-called “bourgeois specialists” (spetsy) was an ideological affront and an obstacle to proletarian advancement. In their eyes, until the spetsy were removed and workers staffed the institutions of the state, the revolution would be neither secure nor its promises fulfilled. Based on archival research, this article traces rank-and-file communists' attempts to remove one such specialist, N. A. Dobrosmyslov, from his position in the Tax Department (Gosnalog) of the People's Commissariat of Finances (Narkomfin). Dobrosmyslov had been a long-time official in the tsarist tax bureaucracy and had also worked for the Provisional Government in 1917. Communist opposition to him took the form of a denunciation campaign that focused on his alleged anti-Sovietism, his professional competence, his arrogant manner, his high salary, and his attempt to obtain a large pension from the government. The documents related to the case reveal the atmosphere of suspicion and often open hostility that surrounded the spetsy. They provide evidence of the contrasting evaluations of the spetsy made by leading communist administrators and by the lower-level communists who worked closely with them. They also show how important the issue of material compensation was for this latter group. Finally, the case provides an example of how biography could be interpreted and manipulated to serve particular ends, especially in the context of political and personal denunciation.

Combating corruption in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feisal Khan
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Government ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
Institutional Capabilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of corruption in Pakistan and evaluate attempts by the government to combat its entrenched corruption culture. Design/methodology/approach – The paper shows that Pakistan’s legacy of British colonial rule, its ethno-linguistic conflict and alternating civilian governments and military coups have weakened institutional capabilities, hindered capacity building and allowed systemic corruption to flourish there. Pakistan’s many anti-corruption efforts failed because they were used to attack political foes instead of strengthening institutional capabilities. Findings – Pakistan has maintained its highly authoritarian form of governance inherited from the British in 1947. The ruling elite view the state as a milch cow for their personal enrichment and this attitude is also reflected in the performance of its bureaucracy. Existing rules of conduct and administration are not enforced as citizens encounter corruption in their dealings with officials. At the policy level, key decisions are often made to benefit the decision makers. The paper concludes that without political will no significant improvement in the state of corruption in Pakistan is likely to occur. Originality/value – This paper will be useful for scholars, policy-makers and anti-corruption practitioners who are interested in corruption in Pakistan and whether the apparent institutionalization of parliamentary democracy has reduced corruption there.

scholarly journals Trust between the state and business as factor of innovative development of the economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Sotnikov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Partnership Models ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the author on the impact of trust between business and the state on the innovative development of the economy. A brief description of the phenomenon under consideration in the Russian Federation is given, and the main problems in the relationships of these entities are shown using specific examples. The crisis of confidence entails significant risks for the business, which in turn leads to a reduction in business activity and the outflow of capital. Overcoming this crisis is not possible with short-term targeted measures, since it is necessary to apply a long-term programmatic approach that combines various measures and mechanisms, as well as the interaction of the parties. The author, including, based on international experience, shows the mechanisms by which it is possible to structure relations between the government and the business community. According to the author, various measures, both general and specific, contribute to the improvement of the investment climate. The author sees the judicial system independent of the state as the main guarantee. Also, the article discusses issues of legislative guarantees of investments, providing for full compensation for damage when changing state policy in relation to specific types of activities; the introduction of public-private partnership models to address socially significant projects that are not of commercial interest to firms in the absence of state support; creation and functioning of entrepreneurial innovation infrastructure for the development of innovative firms through the combined efforts of state authorities and local self-government; improvement of civil society institutions and public discussion of the activities of state institutions and entrepreneurs.

Intimidating Sovereigns

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-132
Author(s):  
Gus Van Harten
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, the impact of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) on countries is examined more closely. Examples are given of how governments have changed their decisions to favour investors under ISDS pressure. As knowledge of ISDS continues to grow, state institutions face more pressure to avoid offending those most able to finance claims. Predictably, governments have responded to ISDS by institutionalizing ‘regulatory chill’; that is, by reconfiguring the state apparatus to privilege the ultra-wealthy, creating immeasurable potential losses for those who do not own wealth abroad. It is now reasonable to expect that such chill happens in all countries exposed to ISDS claims by wealthy investors and having at least some institutional capacity to identify and manage the risks.

scholarly journals Auxiliary Force Structure: Paramilitary Forces and Progovernment Militias

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Böhmelt ◽  
Govinda Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

Governments often supplement the regular military with paramilitaries and progovernment militias (PGMs). However, it is unclear what determines states’ selection of these auxiliary forces, and our understanding of how auxiliary force structures develop remains limited. The crucial difference between the two auxiliary types is their embeddedness in official structures. Paramilitaries are organized under the government to support/replace the regular military, whereas PGMs exist outside the state apparatus. Within a principal–agent framework, we argue that a state’s investment in a particular auxiliary force structure is shaped by available resources and capacity, accountability/deniability, and domestic threats. Our results based on quantitative analysis from 1981 to 2007 find that (a) state capacity is crucial for sustaining paramilitaries, but not PGMs; (b) PGMs, unlike paramilitaries, are more common in states involved in civil conflict; and (c) although both paramilitaries and PGMs are associated with regime instability, there is no significant difference between them in that context.

scholarly journals ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INCOME OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN CIVIL AND BUDGETARY LEGISLATION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Ch.I. Arabaev ◽  
Sh.D. Ryskulov ◽  
K.S. Zhylkichieva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Entities

The article analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the statements of the Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Budget Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Laws of the Kyrgyz Republic "On State and Municipal Services", "On Non-Profit Organizations", "On Basic Principles of Budget Law", Regulations "On Special Funds and Deposit Amounts of Institutions on the State Budget of the Kyrgyz Republic" 1998 and 2000, approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as other acts of this body and Model Civil Code of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as practice the application and improvement of these acts and the works of legal scholars, in addition, the judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic related to the subject of the research was studied, the data of the Accounts Chamber of the Kyrgyz Republic on audit of annual republican budgets were analyzed. The article reveals essence of state institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic as legal entities, their role and significance, place in the system of non-profit organizations. Particular attention is paid to the trends in the theory of public legal entities. The authors conduct historical analysis of existence of the state institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The revenues of this institutions, ratio of the norms of civil and budgetary legislation in the regulation of activities of institutions, which generate income, are investigated, and importance of legislation on public services in the regulation of the provision of paid services is revealed. Importance of special funds as a source of profitable activity is considered. Comparative analysis of the norms of the budgetary and civil legislation governing activities of the state institutions with income has been carried out.

scholarly journals PERANAN KOMISI PERLINDUNGAN ANAK INDONESIA DALAM MEMBERIKAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN (STUDI KASUS: PENGANIAYAAN ANAK ADOPSI DI HOTEL LE MERIDIEN JAKARTA PUSAT OLEH CW)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Sherly Livinus ◽  
Mety Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
State Government ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
The Government ◽  
Protection Commission

So many of the phenomenon of violence and crime against children become the harsh spotlight from various circles. Pursuant to Article 20 of Law Number 23 Year 2002 regarding Child Protection, the State, Government, Society, Family and Parents shall be responsible and responsible for the implementation of child protection. The purpose of this study is to look at one of the state institutions established by the government, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) in providing protection for children victims of violent crime. The author took one example of a case study of violent crime against children considering that until now still often occur. The results indicate that there are various efforts by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) to provide legal protection against victims of crime, such as monitoring the progress of the ongoing case and cooperating with community-formed institutions in the field of child protection to realize the welfare of children without discriminatory treatment in order to grow, develop optimally, physically, mentally, and socially.

scholarly journals Social impacts of health care reforms in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 17011
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tagaeva ◽  
Lidiya Kazantseva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the stages of healthcare sector reforms in Russia and the impact of this process on public health as the main indicator of the social state. A definition of public health is given; the scientific significance and relevance of the research are justified. The works of foreign and domestic authors, their approaches to the study of factors affecting public health are analysed. The analysis of the state of public health in 80s-90s of the last century during the political and economic crisis is made; the transition process from the so-called “budget-funded” financing model to the “insurance” one is described. Based on statistics and expert assessments, as well as international confrontations, conclusions are drawn about the multi-year underfunding of the healthcare sector, primarily from the state budget. A new stage of reforms is analysed: since 2014, the Russian government has begun the so-called “optimization” of healthcare. Its goals, results, feedbacks from doctors and patients are stated. They show the new reform is a negative process for health system. The blunders of health care reform have been sharply marked with the beginning of the pandemic of coronavirus infection. The facts of the self-sacrificing work of the doctors and nursing personnel during the pandemic period, the measures of the Government and the society to support medical workers were described.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document