scholarly journals Scientific support to plant breeding and seed production in Siberia in the XXI century

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-459
Author(s):  
N. P. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation

Agriculture in the Russian Federation is fundamental to the country’s economic performance, living standards, the wellbeing of people and state safety. Considerations relating to food security, prospects of and challenges before plant breeding in the Siberian Federal District (SFD), the largest agricultural area of the Russian Federation, are provided in the article. The agricultural area used in the SFD is about 50 million hectares and accounts for 13 % of the country’s gross grain production. The need for the introduction of modern molecular biological methods, bioengineering and IT technology is demonstrated and discussed. As Russia as a whole, Siberia is largely engaged in unpromising extensive farming practices, which rely on natural soil fertility, and this factor should be taken into account. Another issue is noncompliance with intensive farming technologies used for cultivating new-generation commercial cultivars. Although capital investments in plant breeding are the most cost effective investments in crop production, breeders’ efforts remain underfunded. The article explains the need for fundamental reform in this economic sector: the recognition of plant breeding as being a fundamental science; a fair increase in its funding; the development of a breeding strategy, nationally and regionally; the further expansion of the network of the Breeding Centers; the re-establishment and improvement of the universities’ departments specialized in plant breeding and seed production; having more state-funded places in the universities for training plant breeders to be able to maintain and cement the country’s advanced position in plant breeding and to develop new globally competitive next-generation cultivars of main crops. Should these issues be ignored, all the problems that have accumulated to date will lead to risks of long-term instability in this economic sector. The need for the careful preservation of continuity in plant breeders and plants being bred is stated. The regulatory functions of the state and agricultural science in plant breeding, plant industry and seed production are considered.

scholarly journals Development of Russian selection and seed production under the Federal scientific and technical program for agricultural development

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Nemenushchaya ◽  
Lyudmila Konovalenko ◽  
Tatiana Shchegolikhina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Potential Customers

The paper analyzes the preparation and status of draft of subprograms of the Federal scientific and technical program for agricultural development for 2017-2025 (FSTP) on selection and seed production in crop production. The measures taken by the subjects of the Russian Federation for the purpose of implementing the FSTP subprograms, as well as a well-founded method for selecting potential customers for complex scientific and technical projects (CSTP), are presented. Recommendations have been prepared and suggestions have been made for selecting potential customers of the CSTP of FSTP. The analysis of the results of higher education institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia as potential participants of the CSTP in the field of selection and seed production of agricultural crops is given.

scholarly journals Plant breeding is the food security basis in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
N. P. Goncharov ◽  
V. M. Kosolapov
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Session ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
The Russian Federation

This issue of the Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding is composed of reports of top Russian breeders delivered at the scientific session of the RAS Department of Agricultural Sciences “Scientific support of the efficient development of crop breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation” held in Moscow on December 7, 2020.

scholarly journals GLUKHOVTSEV VLADIMIR VSEVOLODOVICH - A LIFE DEDICATED TO SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
A.I. Kincharov ◽  
◽  
L.A. Kosykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Research Institute

The article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist, breeder, academician of the RAS V.V. Glukhovtsev, who made a great contribution to the development of agricultural science in the Russian Federation. Particularly emphasized is his role and activities in the Volga Research Institute of Breeding and Seed Production named after P.N. Konstantinov.

Activities of the consulting centres of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr»

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
А.М. Малько ◽  
Ю.Н. Николаев ◽  
А.В. Живых ◽  
О.А. Герасименко
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The Russian Federation

ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» сегодня – самое крупное федеральное государственное учреждение, подведомственное Минсельхозу России и занимающееся предоставлением услуг в области растениеводства. 78 филиалов нашей организации в субъектах Российской Федерации, более 1200 отделений филиалов в районных муниципальных образованиях, позволяют учреждению быть ближе к каждому сельхозтоваропроизводителю. Консультационные услуги в сельской местности весьма востребованы как сельхозтоваропроизводителями, так и владельцами личных подсобных хозяйств. Во всем мире в том или ином виде для помощи аграриям существуют различные организации, оказывающие помощь в возникающих при с.-х. производстве вопросах. Для доступности услуг ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» в регионах Российской Федерации организованы консультационные пункты, в которых кроме консультации в области защиты растений и семеноводства, можно приобрести качественный посевной и посадочный материал, препараты для защиты растений, агрохимикаты и т.д. Отдельное направление работы консультационных пунктов – продвижение сортов отечественных научных учреждений и оригинаторов. Создан алгоритм взаимодействия с научно-исследовательскими институтами, селекционными центрами, оригинаторами, а также разработан план мероприятий, направленный на совершенствование мер по стимулированию аграриев к использованию достижений российского семеноводства. Работа в этом направлении позволит снизить зависимость отечественных товаропроизводителей от зарубежных поставок семенного фонда и повысить эффективность производства с.-х. культур. Перспективное направление работы консультационных пунктов – распространение брендовой продукции с логотипом ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр»: пакетированные семена, биопрепараты для защиты растений и агрохимикаты, биопрепараты для силосования. Основная отличительная особенность этой продукции – уверенность покупателей в ее качестве, благодаря чему она пользуется высокой популярностью. Работа ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» по предоставлению услуг консультационными пунктами, как показал опыт, вызывает высокий интерес аграриев в регионах Российской Федерации. Они справедливо называют ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр» своим главным помощником в нелегком сельском труде. FSBI «Rosselkhoztsentr» today is the largest federal state institution subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and engaged in the provision of crop production services. 78 branches of our organization in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 1200 branches of affiliates in regional municipalities, allow the institution to be closer to every agricultural producer. Consulting services in rural areas are in great demand both with agricultural producers and owners of personal subsidiary plots. All over the world, in one form or another, there are various organizations providing assistance in issues of agricultural production, in order to help farmers. For the availability of the services of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr» consulting centers have been organized, in the regions of the Russian Federation, where, in addition to consulting on plant protection and seed production, one can purchase high-quality seed and planting material, plant protection chemicals, agrochemicals, etc. A separate area of work of consulting centers is to carry out organizational work for varieties of domestic scientific institutions and originators promotion. An algorithm for interaction with research institutes, breeding centers, originators has been created, and an action plan has been developed for the improvement measures with objective to encourage farmers the achievements of Russian seed production usage. Work in this area will reduce the dependence of domestic producers on imported seed supplies and the increase of crop production efficiency. A promising area of consulting centers work is the distribution of branded products with the logo of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr»: packaged seed, biological products for plant protection and agrochemicals, biological products for silage. The main distinguishing feature of these products is customer’s confidence in their quality, and therefore it is of high popularity. Experience has shown that the work of the FSBI «Rosselkhoztsentr» on the provision of services by consulting centers is of great interest to farmers in the regions of the Russian Federation. They worthily regard the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Rosselkhoztsentr» as the main assistant in difficult farm work.

scholarly journals Criminal liability for illegal banking activities in the context of countering criminal money cashing

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, the economic sector of public relations is characterized by exceptional criminality. One of the main phenomena responsible for this is illegal money cashing. Almost every business entity considers it acceptable and even necessary to resort to various criminal schemes for obtaining unaccounted cash and tax evasion. The very type of this crime has actually become a thriving and profitable business, which consists in providing services for withdrawing funds from legal circulation. While the existing judicial and investigative practice in the issue of countering this phenomenon has not yet developed a clear answer about the need for appropriate qualifications. There are about a dozen articles of the criminal law in which law enforcement officers try to find the correct legal assessment, and at present, article 172 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation “Illegal banking activities” deserves special attention.

Tomato viruses especially dangerous for vegetable growing of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Шнейдер ◽  
Е.В. Каримова ◽  
Ю.Н. Приходько ◽  
Е.Н. Лозовая ◽  
Т.С. Живаева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Almost All

Томат – важнейшая овощная культура с ежегодным увеличением объемов его производства во всем мире. В Российской Федерации последние несколько лет активно развиваются предприятия защищенного грунта, специализирующиеся на производстве томатов. Вместе с тем растения томата поражают более 200 различных вредителей и болезней. Возбудители вирусных болезней растений – важный ограничивающий фактор для многих отраслей растениеводства, в том числе овощеводства. В последние годы в европейских странах производство томатов в открытом и защищенном грунте пострадало от серьезных потерь, вызванных, главным образом, вирусными фитопатогенами. В статье представлен обзор трех наиболее опасных вирусов, возбудителей болезней томатов – коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино, пятнистого увядания томата. Эти вирусы неоднократно были выявлены в целом ряде стран практически на всех континентах и вызвали значительные экономические потери в странах своего распространения. Ввиду очень быстрого распространения и обнаружения опасных вирусов томата в ряде стран, занимающихся производством и дальнейшим экспортом семян и плодов томатов, Федеральная служба по ветеринарному и фитосанитарному надзору Российской Федерации (Россельхознадзор) с 27 июля 2020 года ввела в качестве временной карантинной фитосанитарной меры требование об отсутствии этих вирусов в семенах, посадочном материале и плодах растений-хозяев при их ввозе и перемещении по территории Российской Федерации. Результаты анализов фитосанитарного риска, проведенных в ФГБУ «ВНИИКР» в 2020 году, показали, что вирусы коричневой морщинистости плодов томата, мозаики пепино и пятнистого увядания томата соответствуют критериям карантинных для Российской Федерации организмов, вирусы способны проникнуть на территорию страны с подкарантинной продукцией, распространиться и нанести существенный ущерб развитию сельского хозяйства и экономической деятельности страны. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop with an annual increase in its production worldwide. In the Russian Federation, greenhouse industry specializing in the production of tomatoes have been actively developing over the past few years. At the same time, tomato plants affect more than 200 different pests and diseases. Pathogens of viral diseases of plants are an important limiting factor for many branches of crop production, including vegetable growing. In recent years, in European countries, the production of tomatoes in open field and greenhouses has suffered from serious losses caused mainly by viral phytopathogens. The article presents an overview of the three most dangerous viruses, pathogens of tomato diseases – tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). These viruses have been repeatedly detected in a number of countries on almost all continents and have caused significant economic losses in the countries of their distribution. In view of the very rapid spread and detection of dangerous tomato viruses in a number of countries engaged in the production and further export of tomato seeds and fruits, Rosselkhoznadzor, from July 27, 2020, introduced as a temporary quarantine phytosanitary measure the requirement that these viruses are not present in seeds, planting material and fruits of host plants when they are imported and moved through the territory of the Russian Federation. The results of the phytosanitary risk analyses conducted at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «VNIIKR» in 2020 showed that ToBRFV, PepMV and TSWV meet the criteria of quarantine organisms for the Russian Federation, viruses are able to enter the territory of the country with quarantined products, spread and cause significant damage to the development of agriculture and economic activity of the country.

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