An Inexpensive In Vitro Blood-Feeding System for Wild Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weste L.A. Osbrink
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding System

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vivo and In Vitro Methods for Blood Feeding ofPhlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Laboratory

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Denlinger ◽  
Andrew Y. Li ◽  
Susan L. Durham ◽  
Phillip G. Lawyer ◽  
Joseph L. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
In Vitro Feeding ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli is a medically important insect that has been successfully colonized in the laboratory, and blood feeding is critical for colony propagation. There has been much interest in developing established protocols for in vitro blood-feeding systems. The objective of this study was to determine if a Parafilm membrane and a hog’s gut membrane could be successfully used with in vitro feeding systems. We evaluated percentages ofP. papatasi females that blood fed on different blood-feeding systems (a mouse, a Hemotek feeder, or a glass feeder) used with either a Parafilm or a hog’s gut membrane, with cohorts of 250 and 500P. papatasi females, and with or without external exhalations. For all feeding system combinations, femaleP. papatasi blood fed in higher percentages when in cohorts of 500 individuals and in the presence of exhalations. Higher percentages ofP. papatasi fed on a mouse, but this study also demonstrates thatP. papatasi will readily feed with in vitro feeding systems using a Parafilm membrane or a hog’s gut membrane. This study suggests that femaleP. papatasi may use an invitation effect to blood feed and are attracted to blood sources via chemical olfaction cues, both of which have been characterized in other blood-feeding arthropods. Our study demonstrates that a Parafilm membrane or a hog’s gut membrane, in conjunction with the Hemotek or glass feeder system, is potentially a viable alternative to live rodents to blood feed a colony ofP. papatasi.

Hemolysis of erythrocytes by the hemolytic system from the blood-feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 690-691
Author(s):  
H. J. Kirch ◽  
G. Spates ◽  
R. Droleskey ◽  
W.J. Kloft ◽  
J.R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes ◽  
Potential Tool

Blood feeding insects have to rely on the protein content of mammalian blood to insure reproduction. A substantial quantity of protein is provided by hemoglobin present in erythrocytes. Access to hemoglobin is accomplished only via erythrocyte lysis. It has been shown that midgut homogenates from the blood feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, contain free fatty acids and it was proposed that these detergent-like compounds play a major role as hemolysins in the digestive physiology of this species. More recently sphingomyelinase activity was detected in midgut preparations of this fly, which would provide a potential tool for the enzymatic cleavage of the erythrocyte's membrane sphingomyelin. The action of specific hemolytic factors should affect the erythrocyte's morphology. The shape of bovine erythrocytes undergoing in vitro hemolysis by crude midgut homogenates from the stable fly was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Biological and physiological characterization of in vitro blood feeding in nymph and adult stages of Ornithodoros turicata (Acari: Argasidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Zheng ◽  
Andrew Y. Li ◽  
Pete D. Teel ◽  
Adalberto A. Pérez de León ◽  
Janakiram Seshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Physiological Characterization

Simple In-Vitro Feeding System for Northern Fowl Mites (Acari: Macronyssidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Carroll ◽  
K. W. Young ◽  
W. A. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Feeding System ◽  
In Vitro Feeding

scholarly journals Effect of Dinotefuran, Permethrin, and Pyriproxyfen (Vectra® 3D) on the Foraging and Blood-Feeding Behaviors of Aedes albopictus Using Laboratory Rodent Model

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Younes Laidoudi ◽  
Djamel Tahir ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Marie Varloud ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Feeding Effect ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
And Control

Dinotefuran-Permethrin-Pyriproxyfen (DPP) is used to kill and repel mosquitoes from dogs. However, the influence of the product on the host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes remains unknown. The interference of DPP with the host selection of unfed female Aedes albopictus was investigated. A total of 18 animals (9 mice and 9 rats) were divided into three groups of six animals each. DU: DPP treated rats (n = 3) with untreated mice (n = 3), UD: DPP treated mice (n = 3) with untreated rats (n = 3) and control UU: untreated mice (n = 3) and untreated rats (n = 3). In each group, the rats and mice were placed 30 cm apart. After sedation, the animals in each group were exposed twice (Day 1 and Day 7 post-treatment) for one hour to 71 ± 3 female mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were categorized after the 2-h post-exposure period as dead or alive. Blood-meal origin was determined from mosquitoes using a newly customized duplex qPCR. The highest values of forage ratio (1.36 ≥ wi ≤ 1.88) and selection index (0.63 ≥ Bi ≤ 0.94) for rat hosts indicates a preference of mosquitoes for this species as compared to mice when co-housed during the exposure. The mosquitoes only seldom fed on mice, even in the untreated group. The anti-feeding effect of DPP was therefore only assessed on rat’s hosts. The results showed that DPP, when directly applied on rats, provided a direct protection of 82% and 61% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively, while when applied on mice hosts (UD), the DPP provided an indirect protection of 21% and 10% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively. The results showed also that DPP, when applied on rats, provided a direct protection against Ae. albopictus bites. This effect did not result in increased exposure of the untreated host placed in the same cage at a distance of 30 cm.

Differences in Responses to Urbanization Between Invasive Mosquitoes, Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus, in Their Native Range, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoyoshi Mogi ◽  
Peter A Armbruster ◽  
Nobuko Tuno
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Aedes Japonicus ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Aedes Japonicus Japonicus ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Tree Holes

Abstract The Asian mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald), have invaded North America, Europe, and other regions since the late 20th century. In invasive ranges, Ae. albopictus has well been recognized as urban, domestic species, whereas views about the macrohabitats of Ae. j. japonicus are inconsistent. Previous reports in Japan suggest the disappearance of Ae. j. japonicus from metropolises. However, container-mosquito larvae have not been inspected simultaneously for various macro and microhabitats in metropolises in Japan. The current study in Fukuoka City, a metropolis in southwest Japan, confirmed the absence of Ae. j. japonicus irrespective of macrohabitats (temples with graveyards, shrines, public graveyards, cultivated bamboo groves, and urban forests, all within the area densely inhabited by humans) and microhabitats (container types). In contrast, Ae. albopictus was dominant throughout the macro and microhabitats except forest tree holes rich with competitive species. Past records indicate the disappearance of Ae. j. japonicus from metropolitan Fukuoka within the last 70 yr. Based on careful examination of available evidence, we concluded that 1) both species benefit from human-made environments with artificial containers free from competitors, 2) Ae. j. japonicus disappeared due to hot, dry summer conditions facilitated by urban heat-island effects and a decrease in favored mammal hosts, and 3) Ae. albopictus has proliferated with higher tolerance to hot, dry climate and a wider blood-feeding host-range including humans. This difference is important for efficient control of each species as well as predicting and preventing the expansion into new distribution ranges.

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