scholarly journals Effects of low doses of gamma rays on the stability of normal and diabetic erythrocytes.

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kaczmarska ◽  
Zofia Kopyściańska ◽  
Maria Fornal ◽  
Tomasz Grodzicki ◽  
Krzysztof Matlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Protein Membrane ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

We studied the influence of low doses of γ radiation (from 0.04 to 1.8 mGy) on the stability of human red blood cells (RBC) from healthy donors and diabetic patients using absorption spectroscopy. Because of the alteration of many enzymatic pathways in diabetic RBCs resulting in strong modification of the lipid and protein membrane components one could expect that the ionizing γ-radiation should influence the stability of the healthy and diabetic cells in a different way. Indeed, distinct discontinuities and monotonic changes of hemolysis detected in the healthy and diabetic RBCs suggest that various enzymatic and chemical processes are activated in these membranes by γ radiation. Mössbauer measurements showed that only the highest applied dose of γ radiation caused modification of hemoglobin in both types of RBCs.

Radiation Effects on Hollandite Ceramics developed for Radioactive Cesium Immobilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aubin ◽  
D. Caurant ◽  
D. Gourier ◽  
N. Baffier ◽  
S. Esnouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Radioactive Liquid Waste ◽  
Epr Spectrum ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTProgress on separating the long-lived fission products from the high level radioactive liquid waste (HLW) has led to the development of specific host matrices, notably for the immobilization of cesium. Hollandite (nominally BaAl2Ti6O16), one of the main phases constituting Synroc, receives renewed interest as specific Cs-host wasteform. The radioactive cesium isotopes consist of short-lived Cs and Cs of high activities and Cs with long lifetime, all decaying according to Cs+→Ba2++e- (β) + γ. Therefore, Cs-host forms must be both heat and (β,γ)-radiation resistant. The purpose of this study is to estimate the stability of single phase hollandite under external β and γ radiation, simulating the decay of Cs. A hollandite ceramic of simple composition (Ba1.16Al2.32Ti5.68O16) was essentially irradiated by 1 and 2.5 MeV electrons with different fluences to simulate the β particles emitted by cesium. The generation of point defects was then followed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). All these electron irradiations generated defects of the same nature (oxygen centers and Ti3+ ions) but in different proportions varying with electron energy and fluence. The annealing of irradiated samples lead to the disappearance of the latter defects but gave rise to two other types of defects (aggregates of light elements and titanyl ions). It is necessary to heat at relatively high temperature (T=800°C) to recover an EPR spectrum similar to that of the pristine material. The stability of hollandite phase under radioactive cesium irradiation during the waste storage is discussed.

Hemorheological in vitro action of propofol on erythrocytes from healthy donors and diabetic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía I. Alet ◽  
Sabrina S. Basso ◽  
Horacio V. Castellini ◽  
Marcela Delannoy ◽  
Nicolás Alet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Donors

scholarly journals Oxidation of intracellular glutathione after exposure of human red blood cells to hypochlorous acid

1995 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C M Vissers ◽  
C C Winterbourn
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Selective Process

Exposure of human red blood cells to low doses of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) resulted in the loss of intracellular GSH. Oxidation occurred less than 2 min after the addition of HOCl, and required approx. 2.5 mol of HOCl per mol of GSH lost. Loss of GSH preceded oxidation of membrane thiols, the formation of chloramines and haemoglobin oxidation. The susceptibility of intracellular GSH to oxidation by HOCl was two-thirds that of GSH in cell lysates. These results indicate that HOCl can penetrate the red cell membrane, which provides little barrier protection for cytoplasmic components, and that GSH oxidation by HOCl may be a highly selective process. Virtually all of the GSH lost was converted into GSSG. If glucose was added to the medium, most of the GSH oxidized by low doses of HOCl was rapidly regenerated. At higher doses, recovery was less efficient. However, when HOCl was added as a slow infusion rather than in a single bolus, there was increased recovery at higher doses. This indicates that in metabolically active cells regeneration is rapid and GSH may protect cell components from damage by HOCl. HOCl-induced lysis was only slightly delayed by adding glucose to the medium, indicating that lytic injury is not ameliorated by GSH.

Low doses of α- and γ-radiation enhance DNA thermal stability

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G Georgakilas ◽  
E.G Sideris ◽  
L Sakelliou ◽  
C.A Kalfas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Γ Radiation

scholarly journals A Fickian diffusion transport process with features of transport catalysis. Doxorubicin transport in human red blood cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dalmark ◽  
H H Storm
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Orbital Interaction ◽  
Diffusion Transport ◽  
Lipid Domain ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Membrane Components

The transport of the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in human red blood cells was investigated by measuring the net efflux from loaded cells. Previous data indicated that doxorubicin transport was a Fickian diffusion transport process of the electrically neutral molecule through the lipid domain of the cell membrane (Dalmark, 1981 [In press]). However, doxorubicin transport showed saturation kinetics and a concentration-dependent temperature dependence with nonlinear Arrhenius plots. The two phenomena were related to the doxorubicin partition coefficient between 1-octanol and a water phase. This relationship indicated that the two phenomena were caused by changes in the physiochemical properties of doxorubicin in the aqueous phase and were not caused by interaction of doxorubicin with cell membrane components. The physicochemical properties of doxorubicin varied with concentration and temperature because of the ability of doxorubicin to form polymers by self-association in aqueous solution like other planar aromatic molecules through pi-electron orbital interaction. The hypothesis is proposed that doxorubicin transport across cell membranes takes place by simple Fickian diffusion.

Low doses of γ-radiation induce consistent protein expression changes in human leukocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Skiöld ◽  
Susanne Becker ◽  
Ulf Hellman ◽  
Gert Auer ◽  
Ingemar Näslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Human Leukocytes
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