scholarly journals Drought stress impact on vegetable crop yields in the Elbe River lowland between 1961 and 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Potopová ◽  
P. Štěpánek ◽  
A. Farda ◽  
L. Türkott ◽  
P. Zahradníček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The Elbe River ◽  
Yield Formation

The study is focused on drought stress that is detrimental to yield formation of field-grown vegetables in the lowland regions of the Czech Republic. Extensive vegetable yield losses are attributed to drought, often in combination with heat or other stresses. The objective of this research was to investigate, under field conditions, the effect of drought stress quantified by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) on yield variability of key vegetable crops growing in the Elbe River lowland, representing central European agriculture conditions. Additionally, we also tried to determine the period of crop with the highest sensitivity to drought (PCSD) of vegetable crops over the Elbe River lowland. Historical climate datasets for a regular gridded network with a high horizontal resolution of 10 km (CZGRIDS) and 305 climatological stations from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute were applied. The SPEI at 1-, 3-, and 6-month lags was calculated for the period 1961-2014 based on precipitation and input dataset for the reference evapotranspiration (ETr) by the Penman-Monteith (PM) method. Moreover, the difference between daily precipitation and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) has been used to calculate the mean crop water balance (D) per main growth stages, as an indicator of plant stress. This improvement increased the applicability of the SPEI in agriculture drought impact on rainfed and/or irrigated field crops grown under various agronomic management systems. To understand how the SPEI, over the period 1989-2014, controlled the yield variation, we calculated the percentage of yield losses and gains for each crop. When the value of SPEI at 3-month lag–as a measure of the balance between the water availability and the atmospheric water demand–for PCSD was between -1.49 and 0.99, the yield moderately increased for Fruiting vegetables (e.g. tomatoes, cucumber). Conversely, when the SPEI-3 in the key development stage dropped below -3.0, the yield losses were about -30% and a negative influence is apparent from threshold of the SPEI≤-1.5. The effect of the SPEI on yield formation of vegetable cultivars grown under filed conditions was achieved up to 62% in the study region.

Management of Delia (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) through selectively timed planting of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) in Atlantic Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Silver ◽  
Kirk Hillier ◽  
Suzanne Blatt
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDelia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), including Delia platura (Meigen), are known pests of vegetable crops. Here, three studies were conducted to examine the relationship between Delia species and Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus (Fabaceae). Field studies documented a relationship between planting date and occurrence of Delia damage on P. vulgaris. Plantings in mid-June resulted in higher crop yields (mean bean pods per plant) and reduced damage ratings compared with earlier plantings. Late-May and early-June planting dates were not favourable, as they resulted in high damage ratings and low plant survival. Late-June and July plantings resulted in low damage ratings but low crops yields. Growth chamber experiments examined oviposition preference of D. platura females at eight phenological stages for two varieties of P. vulgaris. Results indicated significantly higher oviposition rates on bean plants at early phenological growth stages, with no significant varietal preference shown by maggots. Laboratory experiments quantified the impact of D. platura larval infestation on two P. vulgaris varieties at two growth stages. Results indicated no significant difference in variety choice. Recommendation for planting P. vulgaris to coincide with Delia phenology using a degree-day model is discussed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Climate Change on Variability of the Growing Seasons in the Elbe River Lowland, Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Potopová ◽  
Pavel Zahradníček ◽  
Luboš Türkott ◽  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Elbe River ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The Elbe River ◽  
Projected Changes

This research aimed to identify an approach for adaptation of agriculture to increased climate variability and projected changes, taking into account regional specificity of climate change. Changes in the timing of growing season (GS) parameters for both observation and models data were computed using daily mean temperatures for three thresholds that correspond to the physiological requirements of the vegetable types. This research included a new assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on the GS of vegetables grown in the Elbe River lowland, one of the largest farmed vegetable regions in Central Europe. To accomplish this, a comprehensive analysis was conducted of the spatiotemporal variability of the date of the beginning of the growing season (BGS), the date of the end of the growing season (EGS), and the length of the growing season (GSL) for the period 1961–2011. In addition, an assessment was made of the potential changes in the dates of the BGS, EGS, and GSL for the Elbe River lowland, simulated using the regional climate models. Prospective areas for growing thermophilic vegetables in the study region were also determined.

Tissue composition and arrangement in sugar beet genotypes of different tissue strength with regard to damage and pathogen infestation

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Nelia Nause ◽  
Tobias Meier ◽  
Christa M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yield Formation

Drought stress affects yield formation and quality of sugar beet. The aim of this study was to identify the growing period, in which drought stress has the greatest impact on growth, and furthermore, to analyze the response of different sugar beet genotypes. Causes for a different response should be identified. In pot experiments in the greenhouse, drought stress was simulated by reducing irrigation to 60% of the water holding capacity (WHC) for four weeks at various growth stages followed by re-watering. Growth reduction was greatest when drought stress occurred early in the season: the content of the quality-determining non-sugars was highest, sugar yield and beet diameter were lowest. Responses of the genotypes in sugar yield, but primarily in the accumulation of osmotically active substances differed. Despite re-watering after drought stress the restrictions could not be compensated during growth. The transpiration coefficient of the drought-stressed treatments was only slightly different to the control, because water consumption in the control did not either increase at average air temperatures beyond 23 °C. The strong effect of early drought stress could be attributed to the high growth rates, so that a limited water supply affected yield formation more than at later growth stages. The storage losses of sugar beet genotypes are closely related to damage during harvest and subsequent infestation with mould and rots. Genetic variation for storability seems to be primarily linked to textural properties of the roots such as the resistance against mechanical damage. However, no information is available about the tissue strength, tissue composition and structural organization leading to an enhanced resistance against damage and pathogen attack. Therefore, the aims of the study were the identification of genotypic differences concerning tissue strength of the beet, the relation to damage and pathogen infestation and the underlying physiological basis of tissue strength. Field trials were carried out with 6 genotypes at 2 locations in 2018. The roots were harvested in August and November. After harvest in November, a storage trial was carried out. The root strength increased from August to November. Beets with a high puncture resistance of the periderm also had a firm inner tissue. Genotypic differences in puncture resistance were not affected by the harvest time, indicating that this trait is stable throughout the growing period. A higher puncture resistance of the beet was related to a lower mould growth during storage. Genotypes with varying tissue strength also differed in fiber content (AIR), but the composition of AIR was stable over genotypes. The number of cambium rings seems not to essentially influence the tissue strength of the beet. In the further course of the project, microscopic analyzes will clarify, whether genotypic differences in tissue strength can be attributed to cell size or cell wall thickness.

Early drought stress: Effects on yield formation and quality of sugar beet

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Henning Ebmeyer ◽  
Christa M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Yield Formation

Drought stress affects yield formation and quality of sugar beet. The aim of this study was to identify the growing period, in which drought stress has the greatest impact on growth, and furthermore, to analyze the response of different sugar beet genotypes. Causes for a different response should be identified. In pot experiments in the greenhouse, drought stress was simulated by reducing irrigation to 60% of the water holding capacity (WHC) for four weeks at various growth stages followed by re-watering. Growth reduction was greatest when drought stress occurred early in the season: the content of the quality-determining non-sugars was highest, sugar yield and beet diameter were lowest. Responses of the genotypes in sugar yield, but primarily in the accumulation of osmotically active substances differed. Despite re-watering after drought stress the restrictions could not be compensated during growth. The transpiration coefficient of the drought-stressed treatments was only slightly different to the control, because water consumption in the control did not either increase at average air temperatures beyond 23 °C. The strong effect of early drought stress could be attributed to the high growth rates, so that a limited water supply affected yield formation more than at later growth stages.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Xinqiao Zhan ◽  
Yichun Qian ◽  
Bizeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Functional Investigation

Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Phenotyping Methods for Breeding Drought-Tolerant Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8266
Author(s):  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Chaewon Lee ◽  
Subin Hong ◽  
Song Lim Kim ◽  
Jeong-Ho Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

Drought is a main factor limiting crop yields. Modern agricultural technologies such as irrigation systems, ground mulching, and rainwater storage can prevent drought, but these are only temporary solutions. Understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular reactions of plants to drought stress is therefore urgent. The recent rapid development of genomics tools has led to an increasing interest in phenomics, i.e., the study of phenotypic plant traits. Among phenomic strategies, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) is attracting increasing attention as a way to address the bottlenecks of genomic and phenomic studies. HTP provides researchers a non-destructive and non-invasive method yet accurate in analyzing large-scale phenotypic data. This review describes plant responses to drought stress and introduces HTP methods that can detect changes in plant phenotypes in response to drought.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium silicate on early growth stages of wheat under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Gyu Lee ◽  
Hyeri Lee ◽  
Byung Cheon Lee ◽  
Hojoung Lee ◽  
Jun Cheol Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages

scholarly journals Quantitative Response of Maize Vcmax25 to Persistent Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Xingyang Song ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qijin He ◽  
Huailin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Persistent Drought ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Drought stress has adverse effects on crop growth and yield, and its identification and monitoring play vital roles in precision crop water management. Accurately evaluating the effect of drought stress on crop photosynthetic capacity can provide a basis for decisions related to crop drought stress identification and monitoring as well as drought stress resistance and avoidance. In this study, the effects of different degrees of persistent drought in different growth stages (3rd leaf stage, 7th leaf stage and jointing stage) on the maximum carboxylation rate at a reference temperature of 25 °C (Vcmax25) of the first fully expanded leaf and its relationship to the leaf water content (LWC) were studied in a field experiment from 2013 to 2015. The results indicated that the LWC decreased continuously as drought stress continued and that the LWC decreased faster in the treatment with more irrigation. Vcmax25 showed a decreasing trend as the drought progressed but had no clear relationship to the growth stage in which the persistent drought occurred. Vcmax25 showed a significantly parabolic relationship (R2 = 0.701, p < 0.001) with the LWC, but the different degrees of persistent drought stress occurring in different growth stages had no distinct effect on the LWC values when Vcmax25 reached its maximum value or zero. The findings of this study also suggested that the LWC was 82.5 ± 0.5% when Vcmax25 reached its maximum value (42.6 ± 3.6 μmol m−2 s−1) and 67.6 ± 1.2% (extreme drought) when Vcmax25 reached zero. These findings will help to improve crop drought management and will be an important reference for crop drought identification, classification and monitoring as well as for the development of drought monitoring and early warning systems for other crops or maize varieties.

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