scholarly journals Physical stimulations and their osteogenesis-inducing mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cijun Shuai ◽  
Wenjing Yang ◽  
Shuping Peng ◽  
Chengde Gao ◽  
Wang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Pass Through

Physical stimulations such as magnetic, electric and mechanical stimulation could enhance cell activity and promote bone formation in bone repair process via activating signal pathways, modulating ion channels, regulating bone-related gene expressions, etc. In this paper, bioeffects of physical stimulations on cell activity, tissue growth and bone healing were systematically summarized, which especially focused on their osteogenesis-inducing mechanisms. Detailedly, magnetic stimulation could produce Hall effect which improved the permeability of cell membrane and promoted the migration of ions, especially accelerating the extracellular calcium ions to pass through cell membrane. Electric stimulation could induce inverse piezoelectric effect which generated electric signals, accordingly up-regulating intracellular calcium levels and growth factor synthesis. And mechanical stimulation could produce mechanical signals which were converted into corresponding biochemical signals, thus activating various signaling pathways on cell membrane and inducing a series of gene expressions. Besides, the equipments of physical stimulation system were discussed. The opportunities and challenges of physical stimulations were also presented from the perspective of bone repair.

Theoretical Study of the Process of Passage of Glycoside Amides through the Cell Membrane of Cancer Cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Tsanov ◽  
Hristo Tsanov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Enzyme Regulation ◽  
Amide Derivatives ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background:: This article concentrates on the processes occurring in the medium around the cancer cell and the transfer of glycoside amides through their cell membrane. They are obtained by modification of natural glycoside-nitriles (cyano-glycosides). Hydrolysis of starting materials in the blood medium and associated volume around physiologically active healthy and cancer cells, based on quantum-chemical semi-empirical methods, is considered. Objective:: Based on the fact that the cancer cell feeds primarily on carbohydrates, it is likely that organisms have adapted to take food containing nitrile glycosides and / or modified forms to counteract "external" bioactive activity. Cancers, for their part, have evolved to create conditions around their cells that eliminate their active apoptotic forms. This is far more appropriate for them than changing their entire enzyme regulation to counteract it. In this way, it protects itself and the gene sets and develops according to its instructions. Methods:: Derived pedestal that closely defines the processes of hydrolysis in the blood, the transfer of a specific molecular hydrolytic form to the cancer cell membrane and with the help of time-dependent density-functional quantum- chemical methods, its passage and the processes of re-hydrolysis within the cell itself, to forms causing chemical apoptosis of the cell - independent of its non-genetic set, which seeks to counteract the process. Results:: Used in oncology it could turn a cancer from a lethal to a chronic disease (such as diabetes). The causative agent and conditions for the development of the disease are not eliminated, but the amount of cancer cells could be kept low for a long time (even a lifetime). Conclusion:: The amide derivatives of nitrile glycosides exhibit anti-cancer activity, the cancer cell probably seeks to displace hydrolysis of these derivatives in a direction that would not pass through its cell membrane and the amide- carboxyl derivatives of nitrile glycosides could deliver extremely toxic compounds within the cancer cell itself and thus block and / or permanently damage its normal physiology.

scholarly journals Effects of osteogenic ambulatory mechanical stimulation on early stages of BMP-2 mediated bone repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Brett S. Klosterhoff ◽  
Casey E. Vantucci ◽  
Jarred Kaiser ◽  
Keat Ghee Ong ◽  
Levi B. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Early Stages

Transcriptional changes in right ventricular tissues are enriched in the outflow tract compared with the apex during chronic pulmonary embolism in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Zagorski ◽  
Maria Obraztsova ◽  
Michael A. Gellar ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kline ◽  
John A. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Ccn Proteins ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Transcriptional Responses

Moderate to severe pulmonary embolism (PE) can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular (RV) heart damage. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that the basal outflow tract of the RV is injured and has acute inflammation followed by tissue remodeling while the apex appears normal. The present studies examine transcription responses to chronic PE in RV apex and outflow tracts using DNA microarrays to identify transcription responses by region. Changes predominated in the RV outflow tract (8,575 genes showed ≥1.5-fold expression change). Gene ontology and KEGG analyses indicated a significant decrease in genes involved in cellular respiration and energy metabolism and increases in inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. Signal pathways for wound healing such as fibroblast growth factor, collagen synthesis, and CCN proteins (named for the first three members of the family: cysteine-rich protein 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene) were strongly upregulated. In comparison, few genes (422) showed significant change in the RV apex tissue. Apex-selective genes included two genes affecting metabolism and a stretch-sensitive transcription factor (ankyrin repeat domain 1). We conclude that the RV outflow tract is subject to strong proinflammatory and profibrotic remodeling transcriptional responses in chronic PE. Severe loss of genes involved in cellular respiration is consistent with previous histology indicating a shift in cell types present within the outflow tract tissue away from highly energy-dependant cardiomyocytes to less metabolically active cells during remodeling. The apex region of the RV had few compensating adaptations.

Enhancement of Bone Healing by Local Administration of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Sodium Hyaluronate in Rat Tibiae

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Andrade ◽  
Marcos A. Sá ◽  
Renato M. Mendes ◽  
Paulo A. Martins-Júnior ◽  
Gerluza A.B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

It has been reported that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as nucleation sites for the deposition of bone matrix and cell proliferation. Here, we evaluated the effects of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on bone repair of rat tibiae. Furthermore, because sodium hyaluronate (HY) accelerates bone restoration, we associated CNTs with HY (HY-MWCNTs) in an attempt to boost bone repair. The bone defect was created by a 1.6-mm-diameter drill. After 7 and 14 days, tibiae were processed for histological and morphometric analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone defects. Expression of osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and collagen I (Col I) was assessed by real-time PCR. Histomorphometric analysis showed a similar increase in the percentage of bone trabeculae in tibia bone defects treated with HY and HY-MWCNTs, and both groups presented more organized and thicker bone trabeculae than nontreated defects. Tibiae treated with MWCNTs or HY- MWCNTs showed a higher expression of VEGF. Treatment with MWCNTs or HY-MWCNTs increased the expression of molecules involved in the bone repair process, such as OCN and BMP-2. Also, HY- and MWCNT-treated tibiae had an increased expression of Col I. Thus, it is tempting to conclude that CNTs associated or not with other materials such as HY emerged as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Cell activity during peripheral nerve defect repair process using a nerve scaffold

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (69) ◽  
pp. 113828-113836
Author(s):  
Chan Zhou ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Huajian You ◽  
Jinfeng Lv ◽  
Jinlong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Defect Repair

EFFECTS OF Justicia gendarussa ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON OSTEOBLASTIC ACTIVITY OF MC3T3-E1 CELL

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Supparmaniam ◽  
Siti Pauliena Mohd Bohari
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value

Justicia gendarussa (Acanthaceae) or commonly known as Gendarussa has traditionally been used to treat bone fractures. Bone fracture is a clinical condition that need bone repair and new bone formation. To date, the mechanism of Justicia gendarussa acting in enhancing the bone mineralization has not been proven scientifically. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on osteoblast cells when treated with Justicia gendarussa ethanolic leaves extract. MTT and ALP assays were performed on osteoblast cells after being treated with different concentrations of the extract. For cell viability, the result showed that IC50 value of the osteoblast cells was 89.1μg/ml. While, ALP assay is used as a biochemical marker for early detection of osteoblast mineralization. The highest amount of ALP activity was at the 37.5 μg/ml when compared to the control. From this study, it shows that Justicia gendarussa has potential in enhancing bone mineralization during the bone repair process.  

scholarly journals Study on the Function of the Inositol Polyphosphate Kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 of Candida albicans in Energy Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueling Peng ◽  
Qilin Yu ◽  
Yingzheng Liu ◽  
Tianyu Ma ◽  
Mingchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Growth Activity

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inositol polyphosphate kinase KCS1 but not VIP1 knockout is of great significance for maintaining cell viability, promoting glycolysis metabolism, and inducing mitochondrial damage. The functions of Candida albicans inositol polyphosphate kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 have not yet been studied. In this study, we found that the growth rate of C. albicans vip1Δ/Δ strain in glucose medium was reduced and the upregulation of glycolysis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial activity, resulting in a large accumulation of lipid droplets, along with an increase in cell wall chitin and cell membrane permeability, eventually leading to cell death. Relieving intracellular glycolysis rate or increasing mitochondrial metabolism can reduce lipid droplet accumulation, causing a reduction in chitin content and cell membrane permeability. The growth activity and energy metabolism of the vip1Δ/Δ strains in a non-fermentable carbon source glycerol medium were not different from those of the wild-type strains, indicating that knocking out VIP1 did not cause mitochondria damage. Moreover, C. albicans KCS1 knockout did not affect cell activity and energy metabolism. Thus, in C. albicans, Vip1 is more important than Kcs1 in regulating cell viability and energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Fibrin Sealant Derived from Human Plasma as a Scaffold for Bone Grafts Associated with Photobiomodulation Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Torres Pomini ◽  
Daniela Vieira Buchaim ◽  
Jesus Carlos Andreo ◽  
Marcelie Priscila de Oliveira Rosso ◽  
Bruna Botteon Della Coletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Support System ◽  
Fibrin Sealant ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Photobiomodulation Therapy ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Therapy Protocol

Fibrin sealants derived from human blood can be used in tissue engineering to assist in the repair of bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the support system formed by a xenograft fibrin sealant associated with photobiomodulation therapy of critical defects in rat calvaria. Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups: BC (n = 8), defect filled with blood clot; FSB (n = 10), filled with fibrin sealant and xenograft; BCPBMT (n = 8), blood clot and photobiomodulation; FSBPBMT (n = 10), fibrin sealant, xenograft, and photobiomodulation. The animals were killed after 14 and 42 days. In the histological and microtomographic analysis, new bone formation was observed in all groups, limited to the defect margins, and without complete wound closure. In the FSB group, bone formation increased between periods (4.3 ± 0.46 to 6.01 ± 0.32), yet with lower volume density when compared to the FSBPBMT (5.6 ± 0.45 to 10.64 ± 0.97) group. It was concluded that the support system formed by the xenograft fibrin sealant associated with the photobiomodulation therapy protocol had a positive effect on the bone repair process.

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