scholarly journals Unemployment and spell duration during the Great Recession in the EU

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gradín ◽  
Olga Cantó ◽  
Coral del Río
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different dynamic characteristics of unemployment in a selected group of European Union countries during the current Great Recession, which had unequal consequences on employment depending on the country considered. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows Shorrocks’s proposal of a duration-sensitive measure of unemployment, and uses cross-sectional data reported by Eurostat coming from European Labour Force Surveys. Findings – The results add some evidence on the relevance of incorporating spells’ duration in measuring unemployment, finding remarkable differences in unemployment patterns in time among European countries. Research limitations/implications – In this paper unemployment is analyzed for all the labor force. Future research should investigate patterns across specific groups such as young people, women, immigrants or the low skilled. Practical implications – It is generally accepted that the negative impact of unemployment on individual welfare can be very different depending on its duration. However, conventional statistics on unemployment do not adequately capture to what extent the recession is not only increasing the incidence of unemployment but also its severity in terms of duration in time of ongoing unemployment spells. The paper shows an easy and practical way to do it in order to improve the understanding of the unemployment phenomenon, using information usually reported by statistical offices. Originality/value – First, the paper provides a tool for dynamic analysis of unemployment based on reported cross-sectional data. Second, the paper demonstrates the empirical relevance of considering spells’ duration when assessing differences in unemployment across countries or in unemployment trends. This is usually neglected or only partially addressed by most conventional measures of unemployment.

Employer tenure in gays, lesbians and their straight counterparts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Fric
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThis article aims to shed more light on seemingly contradicting labour market outcomes of lesbians: they were found to have similar unemployment rates as straight women but their unemployment spells are significantly shorter. No such contradiction is observed for gays who seem to have on average a higher unemployment rate and longer unemployment spells compared to straight men.Design/methodology/approachThe main hypothesis is that lesbian and gay employees spend ceteris paribus shorter time working for a given employer (employer tenure) than comparable straight people. This hypothesis is tested on EU Labour Force Survey data using multi-level regression model.FindingsConsistently with the predictions, lesbians and gays were found to have significantly shorter employer tenure than their straight counterparts. These differences remained significant after controlling for individual, workplace and occupational characteristics. The results suggest that shorter employer tenure of lesbians and (possibly) gays is driven by labour demand factors.Originality/valueTo author's knowledge this is the first large-scale quantitative study that compares the employer tenure between lesbians, gays and comparable heterosexuals. The study provides additional insight into mechanisms that lead to (lack of) differentials in unemployment probability between these groups.

The Distribution of Unemployment Spells: Canada, 1978–82

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-267
Author(s):  
Charles M. Beach ◽  
S. F. Kaliski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Unemployment Spell ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Severe Recession

This paper empirically examines entire distributions of unemployment spells according to a novel duration-share approach based on decile shares and Lorenz curves of unemployment. The approach is applied to a Canadian micro-data source akin to the Work Experience Surveys for the United States. The major empirical findings are that long-term unemployment accounts for a very substantial proportion of total weeks of unemployment, despite the short duration of the average spell of unemployment. The structure of unemployment spell distribution differs significantly by gender, age, education, and region; and significant cyclical effects on the distribution of unemployment spells are associated with the severe recession in 1982.

scholarly journals Information shocks and the empirical evaluation of training programs during unemployment spells

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Crépon ◽  
Marc Ferracci ◽  
Gregory Jolivet ◽  
Gerard J. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Of Training ◽  
Unemployment Spells

Getting a Job, Again: New Evidence against Subjective Well-Being Scarring

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamkinat Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Employment Transitions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Unemployment Spells

Abstract Previous research finds that unemployment leaves permanent “scars” on subjective well-being (SWB) that remain even after reemployment. However, this research systematically overweighs long-term unemployment, inaccurately measures employment transitions, often does not track individuals long enough to substantiate scarring, and does not always account for age-related changes in well-being. This paper uses event history calendars from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to track complete monthly employment histories of prime working age Americans over a 17-year period, and accounts for the temporal relationships between SWB, age, and employment transitions using a novel fixed-effects formulation. The results suggest that there is some variation in patterns of recovery by employment stability after job loss, but no significant differences were observed by the duration of unemployment spells. Within 2 years of reemployment, average SWB levels reverted toward baseline trajectories across all groups, showing no evidence of scarring. This study brings unemployment literature into better alignment with research on resilience and adaptation. The findings also highlight some limitations of the construct of SWB for assessing the long-term costs of unemployment.

Earnings volatility and 401(k) contributions

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERESA GHILARDUCCI ◽  
JOELLE SAAD-LESSLER ◽  
GAYLE REZNIK
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Earnings Volatility ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Reactive Behavior ◽  
Unemployment Spells

AbstractUsing longitudinal Survey of Income and Program Participation data linked to Social Security Administration administrative records from 2009 and 2012, we find negative economic shocks cause 401(k) contribution behavior to react in ways consistent with reactions to fear and past trauma. If employees participating in 401(k) plans did not experience real earnings declines or unemployment spells between 2009 and 2012, then their contribution rates would have been 5% higher and each person would have contributed US $193 more toward their defined contribution plan accounts. We conclude that previous studies may have swung too far in emphasizing inertia as a primary behavior trait explaining workers’ 401(k) plan engagement. Reactive behavior to protect living standards by reducing retirement savings is also important.

How do Unemployment Insurance and Recall Expectations Affect on-the-job Search among Workers Who Receive Advance Notice of Layoff?

ILR Review ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Burgess ◽  
Stuart A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Experience Rating ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Unemployment Spells

This paper explores how advance notice of layoffs, recall (rehiring) expectations, and unemployment insurance (UI) benefits affected on-the-job search among a random sample of Arizona UI recipients in 1975–76. The analysis, which includes extensive controls for the characteristics of workers and their jobs, indicates that pre-unemployment search increased with length of notice and decreased with expected recall. Also, among workers not expecting recall, pre-unemployment search decreased with the level of UI benefits available after layoff. The authors argue that improved experience rating would encourage firms to give employees advance notice when layoffs are imminent, and re-employment bonuses for workers with zero or short unemployment spells would encourage early search.

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