Public policy for a modernising China: The challenge of providing universal access to education under fiscal decentralisation

This chapter deals with dispersed media. New information technology has created a more dispersed media that, in combination with empirical inquiry and prediction markets, have the capacity to create a politics more focused on the consequences of public policy. Just as the government in the nineteenth century helped distribute policy and political information through the post office, so today it should be careful to facilitate distribution of such information through contemporary technologies. It is argued that our laws should give as much protection to the new, dispersed media as to the old media. The government should also encourage universal access to the Internet—the portal to much of the dispersed media. Finally, the government should deregulate and subsidize the provision of information in political campaigns, because campaigns remain the most effective route for public policy information to reach the mass of citizens who do not follow specialized media or even the news more generally.

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Establishing a school network from the perspective of the competences of the school superintendent – an analysis of legal solutions in the light of the recent reform of the educational system

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne ◽

10.25167/osap.1887 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 79-94

Author(s):

Danuta Kurzyna-Chmiel

Keyword(s):

Educational System ◽

Universal Access ◽

Access To Education ◽

Educational Benefits ◽

Local Schools ◽

School Superintendent ◽

Sense Of Security ◽

School Network ◽

Recent Reform ◽

And Control

The local schools authorities represented by chief education officers perform pedagogical supervision and control. They also cooperate with local government units which are responsible for realization of most of the educational tasks. The latest reform of the educational system has considerably broadened the superintendents’ competences in many aspects, for example as regards evaluation of schools networks. Undoubtedly, the competences of the school superintendent limit the independence of local self-governments as far as their deciding about schools is concerned. In essence, the problem concerns the creation of legal solutions that allow universal access to education. One should strive to create a network of schools, which will remain unchanged for many years. The network must ensure a sense of security in the implementation of educational benefits to residents.

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Education for the Sustainable Global Citizen: What Can We Learn from Stoic Philosophy and Freirean Environmental Pedagogies?

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci8040204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 204 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kai Whiting ◽

Leonidas Konstantakos ◽

Greg Misiaszek ◽

Edward Simpson ◽

Luis Carmona

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Global Education ◽

Global Citizenship ◽

Universal Access ◽

Educational Systems ◽

Access To Education ◽

Global Citizen ◽

Educational Framework ◽

Stoic Philosophy ◽

Quality Learning

In support of sustainable development, the United Nations (UN) launched its Global Education First Initiative (GEFI) with the aims of accelerating progress towards universal access to education, good quality learning and the fostering of global citizenship. This paper explores how and to what extent Stoic virtue ethics and critical Freirean ecopedagogies can advance the UN’s vision for progressive educational systems with transformative societal effects. We propose an integrated solution that provides ecopedagogical concepts a more robust philosophical foundation whilst also offering Stoicism additional tools to tackle 21st-century problems, such as climate change and environmental degradation. The result of the paper is the preliminary theoretical underpinnings of an educational framework that encompasses planetary-level concerns and offers a fuller expression of the terms “sustainable development” and “global citizen”.

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The Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Act 2021 in the context of menstrual politics and history: An introduction

Open Library of Humanities ◽

10.16995/olh.8159 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bettina Bildhauer ◽

Camilla Mork Røstvik ◽

Sharra L Vostral

Keyword(s):

Universal Access ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Political Support ◽

Background Information ◽

Legislative Process ◽

Access To Education ◽

Parliamentary Debates ◽

High Profile ◽

Current State ◽

History Of

In January 2021, Scotland became the first country in the world to make universal access to free period products a legal right, an initiative which attracted extraordinary international attention as a “world first”. This introduction outlines from the perspective of the history of menstruation what is indeed new and ground-breaking about this law, and what merely continues traditional and widespread conceptions, policies and practices surrounding menstruation. On the basis of on analysis the parliamentary debates of the Act, we show that it gained broad political support by satisfying a combination of ten different political agendas: promoting gender equality for women while acknowledging broader gender diversity, practically alleviating one high-profile aspect of poverty at a relatively low overall cost to the state, tackling menstrual stigma, improving access to education, working with grassroots campaigners, improving public health, and accommodating sustainability concerns, as well as the desire to pass world-leading legislation in itself. We in each case show to what extent the particular political aim is typical of, or else departs from, recent wider trajectories in the history and politics of menstruation, and, where pertinent, trajectories in Scottish political history. The ten agendas in their international context provide a kaleidoscopic insight into the current state of menstrual politics and history in Scotland and beyond. This introduction also situates this Special Collection as a whole in relation to the field of Critical Menstruation Studies and provides background information about the legislative process and key terminology in Scottish politics and in the history of menstruation.

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Establishment and Development of Vocational School in Ukraine (the second half of the XIX century - 1919): Axiological and Historical-Pedagogical Aspects

Path of Science ◽

10.22178/pos.70-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1001-1013

Author(s):

Myroslav Pahuta ◽

Keyword(s):

Universal Access ◽

Educational Process ◽

Vocational School ◽

Access To Education ◽

Educational Paradigm ◽

The One ◽

Education Of Students ◽

Main Ideas ◽

Xix Century ◽

Ukrainian Society

The article reveals axiological and historical-pedagogical aspects of the formation and development of the vocational school in Ukraine from the second half of the XIX century until 1919. Conducted analysis of axiological and historical-pedagogical aspects of the formation and development of the vocational school in Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth century - 1919 has proved that this period is characterized by significant axiological and structural transformations of the then educational sphere. On the one hand, this was manifested in the strict control and despotic imperial policy, which instructed imperial officials to ruthlessly destroy any manifestations of educational democracy and the development of national educational trends in Ukraine, and on the other hand, society's demands and time to develop a new, more democratic, education system which had to be based on preparing young people for life. The article reveals the main ideas and approaches that formed the basis for the development of a vocational school in the territory of Ukraine. It has been established that in the specified period, the ideas of free and vocational education of students became especially popular in Ukraine among the progressive segments of the population. The particular value of these ideas for Ukrainian teachers was that they were based on the principles of democratic and humanistic nature, which opened up significant opportunities for teachers in the way of democratization of the educational process, updating the content, forms and methods of teaching and educating students. These ideas and approaches, along with the requirement of universal access to education, formed the basis for the development of a single vocational school during the years of Ukrainian statehood, which provided for the development of the value-based educational ideas within the then national educational paradigm. It is concluded that, despite all the difficulties in the formation and development of the vocational school in Ukraine within the period under study, we can safely say that vocational school itself and the ideas underlying it were essential and valuable for the Ukrainian society at that time.

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‘The display of woman’s naked mind to the gaze of the world’: Harriet Martineau and the Press, 1830–1834

Contested Liberalisms ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453134.003.0002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 29-49

Author(s):

Iain Crawford

Keyword(s):

Public Discourse ◽

Adam Smith ◽

Universal Access ◽

Social Progress ◽

Access To Education ◽

Harriet Martineau ◽

The Gaze ◽

The Press

Chapter 1 connects Martineau’s early writing for and about the press with the intellectual legacy she derived from Enlightenment thought. Specifically, it explores her modification of the stadial theory of social progress that she derived from Adam Smith as she blended elements from Smith’s work on moral sympathy with Schiller’s writing on aesthetics and the formation of a community of taste. After showing how both Smith and Schiller contributed to her understanding of the crucial role of public discourse as an essential agent of social progress, the chapter moves to examine her advocacy for the press in the years immediately before she traveled to America. Martineau’s own journalism in the early 1830s makes a popularized version of the argument that was simultaneously being developed in the elite reviews, emphasizing a vital connection between the promotion of universal access to education and the removal of the ‘taxes upon knowledge’ that inhibited the free circulation of information and ideas. Martineau’s distinctive contribution to that argument, however, appears in two articles on Sir Walter Scott that she published shortly after his death in 1833, and the chapter concludes by arguing for a new reading of these essays as a combined statement of the essential need to write women into the narrative of history and a claim for her own authority to undertake such work.

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Asymmetric decentralisation, economic cycle, regional and local government’s borrowing in Spain

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.4.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 441-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando Toboso

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Public Policy ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Institutional Arrangements ◽

Economic Cycle ◽

The World ◽

Fiscal Decentralisation ◽

The Impact ◽

Intense Process

This paper investigates the evolution of sub-central government borrowing in Spain over the period 1996–2011. The arguments and figures provided show that the intense process of political and fiscal decentralisation that took place over the 1990s and 2000s did not lead to higher debt ratios in terms of GDP at these tiers of government until 2007. Although a kind of overspending bias was in effect until the late 2000s, the paper shows that the evolution of GDP and tax revenues provided regional and local governments with enough resources to vigorously pursue their devolved public policy responsibilities and still keep their debt ratios under control. However, since 2008, when the world financial crisis broke out, the situation has changed dramatically. Even though the crisis originated in the financial sector, the paper concludes by stressing the importance of creating incentives and setting controls through institutional arrangements characterising multilevel government for all tiers of government to save in periods of economic growth in order to confront the impact of recession once it comes.

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PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MARGINAL MELALUI PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KECAKAPAN HIDUP-PEREMPUAN (PKH-P)

AN-NISA ◽

10.30863/annisa.v10i1.385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 67-81

Author(s):

A. Suhardi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Public Policy ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Life Skills ◽

Life Skill ◽

Access To Education ◽

Skills Education ◽

Level Of Living ◽

Life Skills Education

This paper describes the empowerment of marginal women through women's life skill education program. Lack of access to education, economy, employment, public policy, basic rights, gender equality, politics, and health are the causes of women getting marginalized. Empowering women through life skills education are an effort to empower women through various activities. The result of program “PKH-P (Pendidikan Kecakapan Hidup-Perempuan” is behavior change, that is the increasing of knowledge, skill, and attitude of self. So that marginal women can help themselves to be more empowered and out of the condition of their marginality towards the quality of life and higher level of living welfare.

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Key aspects of ensuring universal access to education for children with disabilities during health crisis

Univers Pedagogic ◽

10.52387/1811-5470.2021.2.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103-106

Author(s):

Sergiu Cara ◽

Keyword(s):

Educational System ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

Universal Access ◽

Access To Education ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Subject ◽

Key Aspects

The actuality of the subject is determined by the paradigm shift in the educational system in the context of pandemic situation. In this context, the author highlights the aspects described in the international and national research and regulatory acts to ensure universal access for all children in the context of pandemic situation.

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