scholarly journals Flora of the Student Square of Cheboksary of Chuvash Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Yury Olegovich Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Chuvash Republic

Student Square was opened on September 1, 2007 at the intersection of the busy Moscow Avenue and K. Ivanov Street. The total area is 2,5 hectares. The predominant tree species are Tilia cordata Mill., Betula pendula Roth and Acer platanoides L. In 2016, the first inventory of the square flora was carried out, 94 plant species from 79 genera and 37 families were identified. Pinopsida are represented by 4 cultivated introducents. Only 6 species from the Poaceae are monocotyledons. The systematic diversity of the flora is very low. Virtually every genus is represented by only one species. The average level of species wealth in one family is 2,54. The number of families with one species is 21 (56,8%). The top ten in the number of species families are concentrated by 63,8% of the species. The spectrum of the leading families of the flora of the Student Square indicates its thermophilic appearance. The share of synanthropic species in the flora as a whole is 53,2%. The index of synanthropization ( Is ) of the square flora is 1,14 and emphasizes the anthropogenic nature of the landscape. The aboriginal fraction of the flora is strongly altered ( Is = 0,48). In the ecologo-cenotic spectrum, there is a preponderance towards plants of open habitat types, among which weed species predominate (34%), among which 4 are malignant invasive species: Acer negundo L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Lepidotheca suaveolens (Pursh) Nutt., Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small. On the second place is a group of meadow plants (16%). The distribution of other coenotic groups in general is consistent with the regional spectrum of the flora of Chuvashia. The hygromorph spectrum is dominated by mesophytes (71,3%), followed by xeromesophytes (16%), the share of the remaining groups varies from 1,1 to 6,4%. The trofomorph spectrum is dominated by mesotrofs (62,8%) and megatrofs (36,2%). Aliens fraction is 30,9% of the square flora. 17 species (58,6%) are cultivated introducents, and the rest - weed plants. Kenophytes (75,9%) predominate, ergasiophytes and ergasiofigophytes (24,1% each), epekophytes and agrio-epekophytes (65,5%), North American (31%) and Iranian-Turanian (20,7%) species.

scholarly journals Flora of the K.V. Ivanov square of Cheboksary of Chuvash Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Yury Olegovich Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Chuvash Republic

The square named after K.V. Ivanov was founded in the 1930s. The total area of 5,3 hectares. Tilia cordata Mill. Predominates. The flora of the square contains 86 plant species from 74 genera and 35 families. The division Pinophyta is represented by two species - Larix sibirica Ledeb. and Picea pungens Engelm. Six species from the families Poaceae and Cyperaceae are monocotyled. The systematic diversity of the flora is very low. Virtually every genus is represented by only one species. The average level of species wealth in one family is 2,46. The number of families with one species is 19 (54,3%). The top ten in the number of species families concentrate 64% of the species. The spectrum of the leading families of the square flora indicates its thermophilic appearance. The share of synanthropic species in the flora as a whole is 61,6%. The index of synanthropization ( Is ) of the square flora is 1,61 and emphasizes the anthropogenic nature of the landscape. The aboriginal fraction of the flora is strongly altered ( Is = 0,61). In the spectrum of life forms hemicryptophytes (33,7%), phanerophytes (30,2%) and therophytes (22,1%) dominate. According to the biomorphs system of I.G. Serebryakov perennial herbaceous plants (41,9%) dominate, whose spectrum reflects the forest type of biocenosis, annuals (22,1%), trees (19,8%) and shrubs (10,5%). In the ecologo-cenotic spectrum weed species (36%), forest species (18,6%), cultivar species (17,4%), meadow plants (11,6%) dominate. In the hygromorph spectrum mesophytes (72,1%) dominate, then xeromesophytes (15,1%) follow, the share of the remaining groups varies from 1,2 to 5,8%. In the spectrum of trophomorphs mesotrophs (57%) and megatrophs (37,2%) dominate. The square named after K.V. Ivanov is characterized by stability of functioning, provided by wood and shrub plantations. The lawn is heavily clogged and requires its reconstruction.

Leaves of common urban tree species (Aesculus hippocastanum, Acer platanoides, Betula pendula and Tilia cordata) as a measure of particle and particle-bound pollution: a 4-year study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Aničić Urošević ◽  
Gordana Jovanović ◽  
Nenad Stević ◽  
Isidora Deljanin ◽  
Miroslav Nikolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Urban Tree

scholarly journals ВИДОВИЙ СКЛАД, СТАН І ДЕКОРАТИВНІСТЬ ДЕРЕВНИХ НАСАДЖЕНЬ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Zibtseva
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Salix Purpurea ◽  
Biota Orientalis ◽  
Ulmus Laevis

Визначено видовий склад деревно-чагарникових насаджень на території трьох навчальних закладів малого міста Вишгорода Київської області. Проаналізовано вікову структуру деревних насаджень, їх стан і декоративність. Встановлено, що на дослідних територіях зростає від 24 до 28 деревно-чагарникових видів і форм, а їх загальна кількість дорівнює 49. На всіх трьох дослідних територіях трапляються 8 деревних видів: Thuja occidentalis, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides, A. saccharinum, Betula pendula, Juglans regia, Cerasus vulgaris, Prunus divaricata. На двох об'єктах виявлено 12 видів, 29 – тільки на одному. До видів з дуже високою часткою участі на території дослідних об'єктів належать: Ulmus laevis і Populus nigra; Thuja occidentalis і Biota orientalis; Spiraea Thunbergii. Кількість хвойних видів змінюється від 1 до 4. Скрізь присутня Thuja occidentalis. Індекс видової різноманітності деревно-кущових рослин для дослідних територій становить від 5,75 до 16,22. Кращі якісні показники на шкільній території має Betula pendula; на території ліцею – Salix purpurea 'pendula', Padus, Hydrangea macrophylla, Thuja occidentalis, Betula pendula, Acer saccharinum, Phus typhina, Philadelphus coronaries; на території гімназії – Spiraea van-Houttei, Salix alba, Populus pyramidalis. Стан деревно-кущових рослин на території двох об'єктів добрий, одного – задовільний. Декоративність насаджень висока на всіх об'єктах. Кращим станом і вищою декоративністю на дослідних територіях відзначаються дерева, які старші від сорокарічного віку.

scholarly journals Impact of urban green spaces, native tree species and seasons on soil pH in Kaunas, Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Straigytė ◽  
Tadas Vaidelys ◽  
Remigijus Žalkauskas ◽  
Michael Manton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Different Types

Tree growth is sensitive to soil pH in urban areas and is often higher than in rural forest. However, there are knowledge gaps on how soil pH and alkalization are affected by urban environments and seasonal climate as well as the cascading effects on tree species. In order to fulfill these gaps, we analyzed the soil pHCaCl of four common native deciduous tree species: Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Quercus robur and Betula pendula in five different types of urban green spaces in Kaunas city municipality (Lithuania). The results show that soil pH in urban environments with Betula pendula sites were most alkaline (pH 7.04), whereas the soil pH of urban environments with Acer platanoides (pH 6.7) and Tilia cordata (pH 6.8) were most acidic. The soil pH of street tree greeneries was alkaline, while soils of peri-urban forests and large urban parks were acidic. Differently to natural conditions in peri urban forests the soil pH level drop down by 0.5 is observed during spring-autumn period in broad street greeneries with largest urban pressure. The variation in soil pH of the different types of green space and tree species shows that city planner should consider the unique conditions of all green space to maximize their potential for human well-being.

Древостои дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur) различного происхождения в условиях Кинельского лесничества Самарской области

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Василий Борисович Троц ◽  
О. Н. Беспаленко
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides

Одной из основных задач лесоводов Самарской области является сохранение и воспроизводство насаждений дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur). Изучены особенности формирования древостоев дуба черешчатого семенного и порослевого происхождений в разных лесорастительных условиях. Объектами исследований являлись естественные насаждения дуба, произрастающие на богатых почвах с сухим, свежим и влажным режимом увлажнения (лесорастительные условия Д1 – Д3). Выявлено, что дуб черешчатый произрастает совместно с березой повислой (Betula pendula), кленом остролистным (Acer platanoides), осиной обыкновенной (Populus tremula) и липой мелколистной (Tilia cordata). Бонитет насаждений дуба порослевого происхождения равен III – IV классу. При этом наиболее высокорослые древостои (19,1 м) с максимальным запасом дубовой древесины (130 м3/га) формируются в дубравах с лесорастительными условиями Д2. В дубравах семенного происхождения наиболее высокие деревья дуба (30,6 м) с классом бонитета Ia формируются в составе насаждений 5Д3Ос2Кл+ЛП, находящихся в лесорастительных условиях Д3. Максимальный запас сыростоячей древесины (230 м3/га) имеют древостои в составе 7Д3Ос+Б, произрастающие в свежих местах обитания с режимом увлажнения, близким к оптимальному — Д2. Дубравы семенного происхождения при практически равном возрасте с порослевыми дубравами по запасу сыростоячей древесины на 1 га в среднем на 56,5 % продуктивнее их. Высота деревьев в семенных дубравах в среднем на 9,3 м, а их диаметр на 12,8 см больше, чем в порослевых дубравах. При этом их бонитет соответствует Ia – I классу.

scholarly journals Ecological and substrate characteristics of lichenoflora of the State Nature Reserve «Zavolzhsky» (Chuvash Republic)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Evgeny Arkadyevich Sinichkin ◽  
Aleksandr Veniaminovich Dimitriev
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Padus Avium ◽  
State Nature

The paper provides an ecological and substrate analysis of lichens of the State Nature Reserve Zavolzhsky (Chuvash Republic). In the specified reserve 134 species of lichens were found. The ecological and substrate analysis showed that lichens were found on 20 substrates: on the bark of Populus tremula , Tilia cordata , Quercus robur , Acer platanoides , Betula pubescens , Padus avium , Sorbus aucuparia , Frangula alnus , Salix cinerea , S. pentandra , Alnus glutinosa , on the bark and branches of Pinus sylvestris , Picea abies , Abies sibirica , Betula pendula , on soil, on a dead organic substrate, on an anthropogenic substrate (on slate, concrete, wheel rubber). 6 main and 4 intermediate ecological groups of lichens were revealed: 1) epiphytic, growing on the bark of trees and shrubs; 2) epixylic, living on decaying wood; 3) epigeidic (ground lichens); 4) epibriophytic, living on mosses; 5) epiphytic-epixylic, growing on the bark of trees and a dead organic substrate; 6) epixylic-epigeidic, living on a dead organic substrate and soil; 7) lichens growing on the bark of trees and anthropogenic substrate; 8) epiphytic-epigeidic, growing on tree bark and soil surface 9) multisubstrate lichens that live on different substrates; 10) lichens of anthropogenic substrate. The largest number of lichens (61,2%) belong to epiphytic, 16,5% - to epiphytic-epixylic, 5,2% - to epixylic-epigeidic, 4,5% - to epigeidic, 3,7% - to epixylic, 2,3% - to epibriophytic, 0,7% - to multisubstrate lichens, 0,7% - to epiphytic-epigeidic. 3 species of lichens were found (2,3%) on the anthropogenic substrate. Epiphytic lichens were found on 15 forophytes. The largest number of taxa (40 species) were found on Pinus sylvestris s bark, 35 species - on Populus tremulas bark, 33 species - on Betula pendulas bark. 56 species of lichens were found on only one forophyte. The analysis of the confinement to phorophyte showed that the highest level of similarity in the species composition of lichens was found between Padus avium and Frangula alnus - 50%, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies - 49%, Populus tremula and Sorbus aucuparia - 44%, Tilia cordata and Acer platanoides - 41%, Salix cinerea and S. pentandra - 37%.

scholarly journals Видове багатство дендрофлори та естетичне оцінювання фітоценозів парку смт Магдалинівка

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
В. П. Бессонова ◽  
О. Є. Іванченко
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia

Дендрофлора парку смт Магдалинівка налічує 347 прим., що належать до 19 видів і 15 родин. У насадженнях переважають Aesculus hippocastanum, Ulmus scabra, Betula pendula. Родини презентовані переважно 1-2 видами, за винятком Rosaceae. Родини Hippocastanaceae, Ulmaceae та Betulaceae мають найбільшу представленість за кількістю примірників, порівняно з іншими. Частка видів аборигенної дендрофлори становить 53,32 %. Найбільша частка від загальної кількості інтродуцентів становлять представники з Південної та Південно-Східної Європи. Переважна кількість дерев у насадженні має висоту від 8,1 до 10,0 м (23,3 % щодо всіх рослин). За діаметром штамба переважають дерева зі значеннями цього показника від 22,1 до 26,0 см (16,1 %), чисельними є групи рослин з діаметрами 26,1-30,0; 34,1-38,0 та від 18,1-22,0 см. Діаметр одного з найстаріших дерев парку Populus alba становить 108 см. За життєвим станом дещо більше половини насаджень належить до категорії "здорові", серед них багато примірників Betula рendula, Juglans regia, Ulmus scabra, Tilia cordata. До ослаблених належить 110 дерев, до сильно ослаблених – 43, до тих, що відмирають, – усього 6 шт. Індекс стану деревостану для парку становить 80,14, що характеризує його як здоровий. За екологічними вимогами асортимент парку тільки частково відповідає умовам зволоження території, проте майже повністю – родючості ґрунту. За таксаційно-фітоценотичною шкалою загальна естетичне оцінювання фітоценозу парку становить 31 бал. У парку ростуть дерева з вираженими фітонцидними властивостями, а саме: Acer platanoides, Betula pendula, Syringa vulgaris, а також Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum та Sorbus aucuparia.

Species specificity of woody trees adaptation at technogenically transformed urbanhabitats of the Kyiv megalopolisis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
O. G. Lucyshyn ◽  
I. K. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lombardy Poplar

The recent ecological situation of Kyiv megalopolis has a special specific of environment technogenic pollution as a chemical features and content of polluting phytotoxicants. During 2007–2012, our observation revealed what the most dangerous factors which have harm impact on the street woody plants are the huge concentration of phytotoxic elements (Na+, Cl-, Pb2+, Cd2+). Nowadays, the technogenic impact on the megalopolyisis surrounding comes to the dangerous, even, catastrophic level. The main reason of total and chloral necrose of leaves, the summer defoliation of crown and major tree's death is the over pollution of the soil and plant's phytomass by phytotoxic elements, the concentration of which by standards evaluation and by trees reactions are critical and exists at the level of adaptation possibility and survival. The main sources of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions are transport outcomes (> 90 % of total technogenic pollution). The increasing of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the soil is depended from intensivity of transport outcomes, using of ethylated petrol, and location of trees along roads as well as from the trees species. Continuously increasing of number of cars at the city streets is accompanying with similar increasing of ions concentration. Thus, in the soil around root system of street woody plants, depending from their location along roads, the concentration of Pb2+ (moving form) is between 41,7 (I. Kudri str.) and 102,6 mg\kg of soil (Nauki avenue). It exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), which is 20,8–51,3 mg\kg of soil. Next, for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) the concentration of Pb2+ in the soil varies from 41,7 to 80,5 mg / kg of soil in the area of the root system and it is around 20,8–40,2 MPC. In the leaves of this tree it is 7,83–13,5 mg / kg of dry mass (MPC is 15,8–27,0). For the horse chestnut (Aedculus hippocastanum) at the Nauka avenue, the concentration of plumbum in the root is 13,4 mg / kg (MPC is 26,8), in the cortex – 17,7 mg / kg (MPC is 35,4), in leaves – 8,21 mg / kg (MPC is 16,4), which by the normative evaluation are the critical concentrations. The source of Na+ and Cl-, which is a new factor for Kyiv megalopolis, is irregular load of high concentrations of industrial salt NaCl into the environment, as a way against black ice in winter time, where the Na+ ions ( mobile form) is in the high concentrations in leaves (0,76 % for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) on the I. Kudri str., 1,28 % – small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata) at the 40-richya Zhovtnya ave, 2,0 % – horse chestnut (Aedculus hippocastanum) at the Nauki ave), those are exceeded the concentration of the element comparing to the control test object, respectively, in 10,6, 12,8 and 5,0 times. Na+ ions are an aggressive phytotoxins and the main factor of leaves necrose of tree crown (within 70–100 % necrosis leaves in the crown). Degradation and total reduction of the specific weight of plants in the megalopolis environment are decrease the cleaning role of the street tree plants, which are the main alive filters for soil and air cleaning, as well as the main bioaccumulators and detoxicants of harm substances of anthropogenic pollution. Species adaptive specificity is revealed at the bioaccumulation level and the selective locality of phytotoxic elements (Na+, Cl-, Pb2+, Cd2+, agile form) in technourbanhabitats-pic conditions, there dominated bioaccumulation and localization of Na+ ions by trees assimilative system is caused the adaptive orientation of endogenic and intraspecific variability of phytoindicative morphophysiologic features of plants functional condition under the stressing factors. This also is defined the sensitivity of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) to the big concentration of potassium as the most danger one for the plant survival. The biggest accumulation of Na+ ions at the roots of Lombardy poplar (Populus pyramidalis Roz.), Bolle's poplar (Populus bolleana Lauche) and sugar maple (Acer saccharinum L.) is lead to a higher resistance of their assimilation system. At the technourbohabitate-pic conditions, the level of realization of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptive capacity of the sensitive species of trees is harmfully low (21,3–44,3 %). It is at the level of survival/death of plants. The street Lombardy poplar, Bolle's poplar and sugar maple, despite of more higher level of their adaptation (68,4–87,7 %), still also can't fully adapt to the critical levels of technogenic pollution of megalopolis environment. 

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